EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SMALL POX

2. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF
SMALLPOX
DR. MAHESWARI JAIKUMAR
maheswarijaikumar2103@gmail.com

3. An acute contagious
viral disease, with
fever and pustules
that usually leave
permanent scars.
It was effectively
eradicated through
vaccination by 1979.

4. • Smallpox is a very serious illness
caused by a virus called the
variola (say: vair-ee-OH-luh) virus.
• Smallpox gets its name from the
pus-filled blisters (or pocks) that
form during the illness.

5. • Smallpox was
an infectious
disease caused by
either of
two virus variants
, Variola
major and Variola
minor.

6. SMALLPOX VIRUS

7. • It has an incubation period of
between 7 and 17 days after
exposure and only becomes
infectious once the fever
develops.

8. • The disease is also known by
the Latin names Variola or Variol
a vera, derived
from varius ("spotted")
or varus ("pimple")

9. DISEASE BURDEN
• As recently as 1967, the World
Health Organization (WHO)
estimated that 15 million people
contracted the disease and that
two million died in that year.

10. TRANSMISSION
• Smallpox is contagious. That
means the virus can spread to
others.
• It spreads through tiny drops of
an infected person's saliva (spit)
when the person coughs, talks,
or sneezes.

11. • Smallpox usually passes from
person to person during close,
face-to-face contact.

12. • Breathing in the virus from a
cough, sneeze, or saliva (spit) of
someone with smallpox.
• Touching skin that has smallpox
skin blisters

13. • Touching contaminated body
fluids or objects such as bedding
or clothing.
• Breathing in the virus in a room,
bus, or train shared with
someone who has smallpox

14. • Sharing a razor, tableware, or a
toothbrush with someone who
has smallpox

15. DIAGNOSIS
• If someone does get smallpox, a
doctor can recognize the disease
because it causes a special kind
of rash.
• The rash shows up as blisters on
the skin that fill with fluid and
crust over.

16. • This might sound like
chickenpox, but the blisters look
different from the blisters of
chickenpox.

17. • Smallpox was localized in
small blood vessels of the skin
and in the mouth and throat. In
the skin it resulted in a
characteristic maculopapular
rash and, later, raised fluid-
filled blisters.

18. • V. major produced a more
serious disease and had an
overall mortality rate of 30–35
percent.

19. • The other symptoms of
smallpox are like those of
many other less serious
illnesses: fever,headache,
backache, and feeling tired.

20. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
• After exposure to the smallpox
virus, it usually takes 7-17 days
until illness begins.
• Fever (>38.3 C /101 F)

21. • Smallpox generally begins with
fever, headaches, body aches,
and weakness on day 1. Then:

22. • Day 2-3: small, round pox
(blisters) appear and spread on
the face, arms, legs, and inside
the mouth.
• Day 7: the pox turn into bigger
blisters and fill with pus.

23. BLISTERS

24. • Day 12: the blisters crust over;
stomach pain and confusion can
also occur.
• Week 3-4: the blisters turn into
scabs and fall off, leaving pitted
scars on the skin

25. • Long-term effects of smallpox
include scars, blindness, and
deformed hands and feet.

26. BLINDNESS

28. PREVENTION
• A vaccine (say: vak-SEEN), a type
of shot, can prevent infection
with the virus that causes
smallpox.
• Years ago, people were
vaccinated against smallpox.

30. • Today, smallpox vaccines aren't
given because nobody has had
the disease for many years.
• Scientists also are working to
make more vaccine to have on
hand for the future (in case of
outbreak).

31. TREATMENT
• There are no pills that can treat
smallpox, but scientists are doing
research to try to develop
medicine for the disease.

32. • If someone does become
infected with the smallpox virus,
getting the vaccine within a few
days of becoming infected can
lessen the disease's symptoms.

34. • India was declared smallpox free
on 5 July 1975.
• It was effectively eradicated
(globally) through vaccination by
1979.

35. SMALLPOX VIRUS HAS NOT
BEEN COMPLETELY
DESTROYED.!!!!!!

36. • Stocks are still held at Govt
Research Centres in the Russian
Federation and at the US.

38. THANK YOU