Global warming is caused by greenhouse gas emissions that trap heat in the atmosphere. The main causes are pollution from vehicles, electricity production, and industry, as well as deforestation. This leads to effects like more frequent heat waves, rising sea levels, health impacts, and destruction of coral reefs. Solutions include using energy efficient products, reducing deforestation and emissions, and shifting to public transportation. International agreements like the Kyoto Protocol have aimed to reduce greenhouse gases but a new Copenhagen Protocol may be needed.

1. GLOBAL WARMING
Global Warming is the increase of Earth's average surface temperature
due to effect of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide emissions
from burning fossil fuels or from deforestation, which trap heat that
would otherwise escape from Earth.

2. What Cause Global Warming To Happen?

3. Pollution
• Pollution whether it is vehicular, electrical or industrial is the main
contributor to the global warming. Everyday billions of vehicles release
various gases into the atmosphere. This causes earth to warm up and
increase its average temperature. Electricity causes pollution in many ways.
• Fossil fuels such as coal is burnt to produce electricity.
Over 75% of the electricity worldwide is produced by burning fossil
fuels. Therefore, many gases will be released.

4. • Industries on the other hand release various gases such as carbon
dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide are the major greenhouse gases.
Methane is much more effective than carbon dioxide in
entrapping heat in the atmosphere. By driving cars, using electricity
from coal fired plants and heating up our homes from natural gases,
we release carbon dioxide and other heat trapping gases in the
atmosphere.
• Example of countries: China, India and Indonesia

5. Deforestation
• Deforestation is the cutting down of trees and plants to make way for any
development activity.
Trees take in this carbon dioxide and release oxygen that we breathe in.
With the cutting down deforestation will lead to greater concentration of
carbon dioxide in the air.
Deforestation is blamed for rise in the greenhouse gases present in the
atmosphere. New development projects, requirement of land for homes and
factories, requirement for wood and also soil erosion are the major factors that
are causing deforestation, which in turn leading to global warming.

6. Landfills
• When we throw garbage out of our house it goes to landfills. Landfills are those
big chunks of garbage that you must have seen on some expressway, when you
go out of your city.
Most of the time that garbage is burnt which also release toxic gases into
the atmosphere. These enormous amount of toxic greenhouse gases when go
into the atmosphere makes global warming worser.

7. Population
• More population means more demand for food, more carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere, more demand for cars, more
demand for homes and they all in some how or other lead to
global warming.
• More demand for cars means more pollution in the air and
more traffic on the roads which means longer waiting time on
the traffic lights and will result more burning of fuel.
• More demand for homes means cutting down of trees to
make way for homes, schools and colleges.

8. The Effects Of Global Warming

9.  More frequent and intense heat waves
• Dangerously hot weather is already occurring more frequently than it did 60
years ago and scientists expect heat waves to become more frequent and severe
as global warming intensifies. This increase in heat waves creates serious health
risks, and can lead to heat exhaustion, heat stroke, and aggravate existing medical
conditions.
• Example of countries that had effected by heat waves are United States, China,
Brazil, Indonesia and Russia.

10.  Increase in Sea Levels
• Higher temperatures will make the water of the seas and oceans expand. Ice
melting in the Antarctic and Greenland will flow into the sea.
• Higher sea levels will threaten the low-lying coastal areas of the world, such as
the Netherlands and Bangladesh. Throughout the world, millions of people and
areas of land will be at danger from flooding. Many people will have to leave their
homes and large areas of farmland will be ruined because of floods. In Britain,
East Anglia and the Thames estuary will be at risk from the rising sea.

11.  Costly and Growing Health Impacts
• Rising temperatures will likely lead to increased air pollution, a longer and more
intense allergy season, the spread of insect- borne diseases, more frequent and
dangerous heat waves, and heavier rainstorm and flooding. All of these changes
pose serious, and costly, risks to public health.
• Example of countries are United States, Africa, South America and Asia.

12.  Destruction Of Coral Reefs
• As global temperatures rise, so too do average sea surface temperatures. These
elevated temperatures cause long- term- damage to coral reefs. Scientists have
documented that sustained water temperatures of as little as one degree Celsius
above normal summer maxima can cause irreversible damage.
• Example of countries that experience the destruction of coral reefs are
Caribbean, Australia, Philippines and India.

13. Greenhouse gas emission by oceans rising due to global warming(Jun 9, 2014)
LONDON: Rising temperatures can indirectly increase the amount of greenhouse gases emitted by the
oceans, a study shows. While previous studies had shown that warming climates lower iron levels at the sea
surface, the new study pointed out that a lack of iron at the ocean surface can limit the effect of other key elements
in helping plankton (tiny marine organisms) take up carbon.
For the study, scientists studied a 26,000-year-old sediment core taken from the Gulf of California to find
out how the ocean's ability to take up atmospheric CO2 has changed over time.
Those periods when silicon was least abundant in ocean waters corresponded with relatively warm
climates, low levels of atmospheric iron, and reduced CO2 uptake by the oceans' plankton. This is the first study to
pinpoint a link between iron and other key marine elements involved in regulating atmospheric CO2 by the oceans.
Human-induced water vapour next climate threat(Jul 29, 2014)
NEW YORK: The rising levels of water vapour in the upper troposphere - a key amplifier of global
warming - owing to greenhouse gases will intensify climate change impacts over the next decades, scientists said.
"The study is the first to confirm that human activities have increased water vapour in the upper
troposphere," said Brian Soden, professor of atmospheric sciences at University of Miami's Rosenstiel School of
Marine and Atmospheric Science. Soden and colleagues measured water vapour in the upper troposphere
collected by NOAA satellites.
Climate models predict that as the climate warms from the burning of fossil fuels, the concentrations of water
vapour will also increase in response to that warming.

14. Solution.....

15.  Use energy efficient products
• Energy efficient products like fluorescent bulbs go long way in saving energy
and that too at low cost. Energy produced by electronic gadgets at home or
industry are largest producer of global warming. Using energy efficient products
has vast potential to save both energy and money, and can be deployed quickly.
 Stop deforestation
• Less trees means less absorption of green house gases which are in itself
responsible for more global warming. We can fight global warming by reducing
deforestation and forest degradation. Managing forests and agriculture therefore
should be the top priority to reduce carbon emissions.

16.  Switch off gadgets when not in use
• Devices generate heat which in itself contribute to global warming.
Switching off these devices will save electricity, lower down electricity bills and
reduce global warming.
 Use public transportation
• Pollution from vehicles account for major portion of carbon emissions.
Usage of public transportation, car pooling and low carbon fuels not only reduce
pollution but also reduce vehicular traffic on the road. In the long run, public
transportation appear more cost friendly and doesn’t pinch the pocket.

17. KYOTO PROTOCOL
The Kyoto Protocol treaty was negotiated in December 1997 at the city of Kyoto,
Japan and came into force February 16th, 2005.
• The objective is the "stabilization and reconstruction of greenhouse gas
concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous
anthropogenic interference with the climate system."
• Kyoto climate change conference was to establish a legally binding international
agreement, whereby all the participating nations commit themselves to tackling
the issue of global warming and greenhouse gas emissions.

18. COPENHAGEN PROTOCOL
As the Kyoto Protocol runs out, Copenhagen Protocol replaces it.
At the conference in Copenhagen 2009 the parties of the UNFCCC meet for the last
time on government level before the climate agreement need to be renewed.’
Climate Conference in Copenhagen is essential for the world climate and UNFCCC is
putting hard effort in making the meeting in Copenhagen a success ending up
with a Copenhagen Protocol to prevent global warming and climate changes.

19. THANK YOU
AND
SAVE THE EARTH
