Plate Tectonics, Earthquake & Volcano

PLATE TECTONICS PLATE BOUNDARIES LANDFORMS EARTHQUAKES VOLCANOES

PLATE BOUNDARIES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

LABEL THE DIAGRAM: ( oceanic crust, magma from mantle, ocean, mid-oceanic ridge with volcano) 1 4 3 2

LABEL THE DIAGRAM : (oceanic crust, continental crust, subduction zone, earthquake foci, volcano, ocean) 3 4 2 1 5 6

LABEL THE DIAGRAM (continental crust, oceanic crust, transform fault) 3 1 2

LANDFORMS AT BOUNDARIES Can you describe how each landforms are formed, give examples. (mid-oceanic ridge, trench, fold mountain, rift valleys, island arcs) 1 4 3 2 5

EARTHQUAKE WHAT & WHERE? FACTORS CAUSES CASE STUDIES PREDICTION

WHAT & WHERE? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

CAUSES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

HUMAN ACTIVITIES TRIGGER EARTHQUAKE CONSTRUCTING A DAM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],DIGGING UP COAL Underground subsidence following deep mining. E.g. earthquake in the UK coalfield areas, Stoke-on Trent.

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO EARTHQUAKE

EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ability of building to withstand shaking . ,[object Object]

POPULATION DISTRIBUTION ,[object Object],[object Object]

NATURE OF UNDERLYING GEOLOGY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

WEALTH OF A COUNTRY ,[object Object],[object Object]

PREDICTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

PRECURSORS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

PLATE TECTONIC THEORY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ELASTIC REBOUND ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

SEISMIC GAP THEORY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

CASE STUDY Draw a concept map for any two case studies: (effects, causes, contributing factors and lessons learned) ,[object Object],[object Object]

VOLCANOES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Where & How ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Destructive margin ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Hot spot ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Constructive margin ,[object Object],[object Object]

Prediction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Hazards associated with volcanic eruptions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Lava flows Lava flows extend beyond 10 km from volcanic crater. Their speed of flow is determined by silica content of lava. Silica poor lava is very fluid and flows faster and much thicker A lava flow may destroy farmland, buildings and lines of communications, but rarely love of live.

ASH ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

GAS EMISSIONS ,[object Object],[object Object]

PYROCLASTIC FLOWS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Lahars/mudflows ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

GLACIAL OUTBURST FLOODS ,[object Object],[object Object]

TSUNAMI ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Reducing Hazards ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

CONTROLLING FLOW ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

BUILDING DESIGN ,[object Object]

EXPOSURE MAP ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Case studies MT. ST HELENS, 1980 (HAZARD, NAGLE, G, P:27) NEVADO DEL RUIZ, COLUBIA 1985 (HAZARD, NAGLE, G. P:31-32)

Plate Tectonics, Earthquake & Volcano

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