MINUSMA

4. From January to April 2012, a war was waged against the Malian
government by rebels with the goal of attaining independence for the
northern region of Mali, known as Azawad.
It was led by the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA)
and was part of a series of insurgencies by traditionally nomadic Tuaregs.
The MNLA was formed by former insurgents and a significant number of
heavily armed Tuaregs who fought in the Libyan civil war.
The Islamist group Ansar Dine, too, began fighting the government in later
stages of the conflict, claiming control of vast swathes of territory, As a
consequence of the instability following the coup in march.
Northern Mali's three largest cities- Kidal, Gao and Timbuktu were overrun
by the rebels on three consecutive days. On 5 April, after the capture
of Douentza, the MNLA said that it had accomplished its goals and called
off its offensive. The following day, 6 April, 2012 it proclaimed Azawad's
independence from Mali.

6. French and AFISMA forces have failed to crush the resistance of the
terrorists. The fighting continues around the towns of Timbuktu, Gao
and Kidal. The rebellion formations are mobile enough, according to
reports off and on they get into towns and cities, including Bamako.
The humanitarian situation remains hard to manage. Around half a
million people have become refugees, about 300 thousand have
been displaced.
On 1 July 2013, MINUSMA would take over the authority from the
African-led International Support Mission in Mali (AFISMA)
• To stabilize the nation
• To support the Malian government against the rebellion group
• To re-establish its authority throughout the country
• European training mission, to resurrect the Malian armed forces
• Humanitarian assistance

8. Albert Gerard (Bert) Koenders (Netherlands)
Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head
of MINUSMA
Abdoulaye Bathily (Senegal)
Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-
General in MINUSMA
David Gressly (United States)
Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General in
MINUSMA and UN Resident Coordinator, Humanitarian
Coordinator and Resident Representative of UNDP
Major General Jean Bosco Kazura (Rwanda)
Force Commander

10. MULTIDIMENSIONAL (COMPLEX)
Mission in Mali was one of the Multidimensional
Peacekeeping operation that had been done by the United
Nation.
These type of operation are multi-functional missions in
which the military component is only one part of a
comprehensive political, diplomatic, humanitarian, and
economic effort. The objective of these missions include
supporting civilian components and non-governmental
organizations in the provision of humanitarian aid and many
more.
The disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDRs)
of former combatants is another new feature of
multidimensional peacekeeping. DDRs are aimed at
supporting parties to a conflict remove weapons from
conflict areas and promote the sustainable reintegration of
ex-combatants, and those associated with the armed

12. Authorized strength
12,640 total uniformed personnel, including:
11,200 military personnel
1,440 police personnel
Current strength (28 February 2014)
7,093 total uniformed personnel
6,137 military personnel
956 police (including formed units)
287 international civilian personnel
113 local civilian staff
58 United Nations Volunteers

13. Military personnel
Bangladesh, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Chad, China, Côte d'Ivoire,
Denmark, Dominican Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Gambia, Germany,
Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Liberia, Mauritania, Nepal,
Netherlands, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sweden,
Switzerland, Togo, United Kingdom, United States and Yemen.
Police personnel
Bangladesh, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire,
Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, France, Germany, Guinea, Niger, Nigeria,
Rwanda, Senegal, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia and Turkey.
Country Contributors

15. a. Stabilization of the situation in major cities and contribution
to the
restoration of State authority throughout the country
b. Contribution to the implementation of the roadmap for the
transition, including the national dialogue and the electoral
process
c. Protection of civilians and United Nations personnel
d. Promotion and defense of human rights
e. Support of humanitarian action
f. Support the preservation of cultural heritage

17. United Nations Security Council Resolution 2085
UN Security Resolution 2085 adopted unanimously on 20 December
2012, authorizing the deployment of the African-led International Support
Mission to Mali (AFISMA).
The force is to include Malian (5000 men strong) and international (3300)
forces.
Aimed at the full restoration of Mali’s constitutional order and territorial
integrity.

18. United Nation Resolution 2100
The United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in
Mali (MINUSMA) was established by Security Council resolution 2100 of 25
April 2013.
Under the terms of the resolution, the mission would support the political
process and carry out a number of security-related stabilization tasks, with a
focus on protecting civilians, human rights monitoring, humanitarian
assistance and the return of displaced person.
MINUSMA would comprise up to 11,200 military personnel, including
reserve battalions capable of deploying rapidly within the country as and
when required, and 1,440 police (comprising formed police units and
individual police officers).

20. The mission was still on going until now (2014), even
though there has been important progress in the return
of state authority to the north and in the overall security
environment in Mali, the situation in the north remains
tense.
There have been reports of intra-communal violence in
the north as well as sporadic skirmishes between the
Malian Defence and Security Forces (MDSF).
Threat of terrorist attack remains as reflected in the
Council’s 16 July presidential statement that it
“continues to be gravely concerned about the activities
in the Sahel region of terrorist organisations.

22. ISSUES
• A key overarching issue is to stabillise the security situation in
northern
Mali
• Effective implementation of the Ouagadougou Agreement without
further deferring the peace talks with communities in the north.
• Ensuring that citizen in the remotes areas of the north, refugees
and
people who came of age since 2009 are allowed to vote in the
• upcoming legislative elections.
Ensuring that all MINUSMA troops meet the UN’s human rights
standards.

23. CHALLENGE
• Shortfalls in operational capacity
• Lack of critical enabling unit such as logistics, engineering and
transport
units.
• There is no equipment and sufficient military aviation capabilities.
•Nigeria decided to withdraw its troops from MINUSMA.
• 1.4 million people in need of immediate food assistance, 342,033
( internally displaced person) and 175,282 refugees in
neighbouring
country