HELCOM: a bridge over troubled waters
•Télécharger en tant que PPTX, PDF•
0 j'aime•355 vues
This presentation was part of the Erasmus Mundus Maritime Spatial Planning course in Seville January 2015. It is about the story of HELCOM - what is it, how does it protect the Baltic and why.
Recommandé
Recommandé
Contenu connexe
Plus de Manuel Frias
Plus de Manuel Frias (20)
Dernier
Dernier (20)
HELCOM: a bridge over troubled waters
- 1. Listen to this song: https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=R58ccr5nQXk
- 2. HELCOM was born in the 70’s (like this song)
- 3. HELCOM is like a bridge. You know who’s in each side? (Solution in last slide)
- 4. The Baltic Sea has many troubles
- 5. The Baltic Sea is unique
- 6. Is the Baltic Sea big?
- 7. Maybe?
- 8. Maybe not?
- 9. The Baltic Sea is beautiful during the summer.
- 10. Manuel Frias The Baltic Sea is beautiful during the winter. ...and quite cold. This is a tractor driving on the Baltic Sea!
- 13. The Baltic Sea is fragile
- 14. Eutrophication, one of the major problems Manuel Frias
- 15. Traffic jams on the sea. See video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CBgs5O1WPc
- 16. The Baltic Sea is uniquefragile And we have known this for a long time
- 20. In 1974 politicians and scientists decided to take measures and signed the Helsinki Convention: THE LAW to protect the Baltic....
- 21. ...the Commission (all countries around the Baltic) was established to IMPLEMENT the Convention...
- 22. HOD with flags, maps... The Secretariat coordinates all the activities.
- 23. The Baltic Sea is uniquefragile And we have known this for a long time How to fix the Baltic Sea?
- 24. Antoine de Saint-Exupery “A goal without a plan is just a wish.”
- 25. ”The aim is to achieve a Baltic Sea in good environmental status by 2021”
- 26. A happy ending
- 27. A happy ending?
- 31. So who is in each side of the bridge? See video to find out: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fkd6M5TNXn8
Notes de l'éditeur
- Let´s begin with the Baltic Sea... Here we are. There are 9 countries around the Sea, and 11 countries in its catchment area. Note that the catchment area isn’t actually that small! There are ca 85 million people living in the Baltic Sea catchment area.
- The Baltic Sea is actually a small sea compared to open oceans. This has implications to its capability to manage pressures.
- The Baltic Sea has some unique features Sand dunes of perhaps Lithuania or Denmark...
- The Baltic Sea also has some special physical caracteristics such as the depth and the salinity. The water salinity is very low. This is a result of the abundant freshwater runoff from the land; because it is semi-enclosed due to the Danish straight en rote to the Atlantic ocean; and also because the Baltic Sea is very shallow (less water than in deep seas).
- Comparing the depth of the Baltic Sea to some other water bodies
- Some features that make BS so unique also make it vulnerable
- Eutrophication = excess nutrients feed the algae. Excess algae growth starts to suffocate the sea. Human activities such as agriculture create excess nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, which end up in the sea. This enrichment of the ecosystems with nutrients will boost algae blooms. It will impact marine ecosystems (cf. Right picture). Since the Baltic Sea has a large catchment, pollution may originate from more faraway sources, too, though the activities in immediate coastal approximity have larger impact.
- Most of the population and human activities are along the coast pressures to the marine environment The Baltic Sea is used by thousand ofshipping vessels and the traffic is increasing year after year. Major oil spills can happen and smal scale oil pollutions events are occur ingin the marine enviroment.
- The graph goes back to the beginning of 20th century - some data gaps as you can see. Secchi disc helps to measure the clarity of water – the clearer the better, as murkiness may well indicate harmful excess algae growth aka eutrophication. You can see a deterioration from 1950s onwards.
- A second graph showing data back for over 100 years. Marine environment may have a significant delay between cause and effect – but at least from 1950s onwards one had concrete evidence of alarming rise in Nitrogen inputs in the Baltic Sea.
- Like in the previous one: sharp increase of inputs from 1950s onwards. Phosphorus and Nitrogen inputs are the iconic indicators when measuring eutrophication. Why the pollution seemed to worsen from 1950s onwards? One popular explanation is the post-war growth in Economy Population (effects to consumption, waste & wastewaters etc.) industrial production - without full awareness of its polluting effects using fertilizers in agriculture.
- In 1974, the international community around the BS decided to react and to do something for protection the marine environment. In 1974, seven countries signed the Helsinki Convention in Helsinki, Finland, which had won the hosting of the Baltic Sea diplomatic conference. This was rather historical/pioneering since The signing happened just two year after the Stockholm Conference, considered as the first major sign of global recognition of environmental concerns, and the conception of United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). The Iron Curtain was still laying rigid but the Baltic Sea protection offered a cause to protect the common sea area, despite the Cold War
- The first one is COORDINATION. In order to achieve a cost-efficient monitoring HELCOM countries should put more emphasis on coordination. That’s one of the main points of the MAS. With monitoring information better presented this corrdination can be better achieved.
- The HELCOM Secretariat coordinates HELCOM activities, hosts and manages many of the databases...
- Ecosystem approach Nutrient reduction scheme (MAI/CART) Ministerial meetings!
- In 1974, the international community around the BS decided to react and to do something for protection the marine environment. In our dictionnary, the word ”commission” is exactly what is needed to promote the protection of the BS: a group of people... etc-. In 1974, X countries signes the Helsinki Convention.
- In 1974, the international community around the BS decided to react and to do something for protection the marine environment. In our dictionnary, the word ”commission” is exactly what is needed to promote the protection of the BS: a group of people... etc-. In 1974, X countries signes the Helsinki Convention.
- In 1974, the international community around the BS decided to react and to do something for protection the marine environment. In our dictionnary, the word ”commission” is exactly what is needed to promote the protection of the BS: a group of people... etc-. In 1974, X countries signes the Helsinki Convention.
- The bridge is where the adminisation meets the experts. One one side, the administration is ”updating targets” to protect the Baltic Sea. On the other side, the experts are here to give advice. Experts are working on the field and are studying the marine environment: they produce knowledge to promote the protection of the environment. The administration part is using this knowledge to make sure that actions are managed by the Contracting Parties to protect the marine environment. Main structure of HELCOM, after streamliming which completed in September 2014. Main groups to support the BSAP implementation, etc. and further report to Commission which meets annually. HODs meet 2-3 times a year. Ministerial Meetings every few years. Chairmanship rotates alphabetically, lasts for two years.