Kopss Open API 단위테스트 이슈사항

2012년 8월 6일

KOPSS 응용프로그램 개발팀

History
 2009년 KOPSS 4차 사업부터 KOPSS에 다양한 GIS엔진이 진입할 수
있는 기반을 마련하기 위해 KOPSS Open API 설계 시작

 - 1차(2009~2010년) : GIS 기본기능 및 단순한 기능들을 중심으로
KOPSS의 공통기능과 도시재정비계획지원모형에 대한 설계

 - 2차(2010~2011년) : 1차 설계내용 이외의 모든 기능들(고급분석기
능 포함)에 대한 설계

 - 3차(2011 ~ 2012년): 1, 2차 설계 보완, GIS 엔진 벤더사 피드백 반영
등

 현재 약 120개(ST_* 33개, 분석 90여개)의 process들로 구성

국토공간계획지원체계(KOPSS) Open API 3

용어정의
 WMS, WFS, WCS, WPS
 Web Map Service, Web Feature Service, Web Coverage Service, Web Processing
Service
 Literal Type
 Boolean, short, integer, long, float, double, string…
 Complex Type
 User defined type, raw data, xml, gml…
 GML
 Vector layer, feature collection, feature layer…
 GridCoverage
 Raster, Grid
 Filter
 Filter Encoding
 SLD
 Styled Layer Descriptor
 SRS
 Spatial Reference System


KOPSS 적용 OGC 표준 범위
Service Version Operator Service Format & version
GetCapabilities
Filter Encoding 1.1(필수)
COMMON
GetMap SLD 1.0(필수) / SLD 1.1
WMS 1.3.0
GetFeatureInfo
GML 3.1.1(필수)
GetLegendGraphic(SLD)
WFS GML 2.1.2
GetCapabilities GML 3.2.1
GetFeature
WFS 1.1.0 GeoTiff(필수)
WCS
DescribeFeatureType Jpeg2000
Transaction
PNG(필수),
WMS
GetCapabilities GIF, JPG, BMP…
WCS 1.1.1 DescribeCoverage

GetCoverage Geometry
GeoJSON
&
GetCapabilities KML 2.1, 2.2
Features
WPS 1.0.0 DescribeProcess WKT
확장
Execute
GeoRSS 2.0


KOPSS API 구성
Geometry 연산, 벡터, 래스터, 통계, KOPSS Model 분석 프로세스로 구성
Conversion, Density, Custom Extension / Model
Distance, Interpolation, Analysis
Surface Analysis 등 KOPSS Model
Analysis
(KM)

Grid Coverage Statistical Basic & Spatial Statistics 등
Analysis Analysis
(CA) (SA)
WPS
GeoProcessing, Conversion
Calculation, Projection 등
Relationship, Topological
Proximity, Measurement
Operator
Vector Geometry
Analysis Operator
(VA) (ST)

6

KOPSS API 구성
Type Category Process Identifier
Spatial Relationship Equals, Disjoint, Intersects, Touches, Crosses, Within, Contains, Overlaps
Geometry Edit Operators Rotate, Transform, SetSRID
Geometry Spatial Operators Intersection, Union, Difference, Sym Difference, Buffer, Convex Hull, Centroid, Simplify
Service
(ST) Proximity &
Euclidean Distance, Manhattan Distance, Hausdorff Distance, Nearest Point, Area, Length, LFI
Measurement Operators
Geometry Output GML , WKB, WKT, GeoJSON, GeoRSS, KML, SVG
Clip, Dissolve, Intersect, Merge, Union, Buffer, PointStatistics, PointDistance, Fishnet,
GeoProcessing
ThiessenPolygon, UnionGeometry, MultipleRingBuffer
Vector Conversion FeaturesToPoint, ShapefileToGML, FeaturesToShapefile, CadDatasetToGML, GetMap
Service
(VA) Projection Project

Calculation CalculateXYCoordinate, CalculateArea, CalculateLength, CalculateField

Density Density(Point, Kernel)
Conversion FeaturesToCoverage, GeometryToCoverage, CoverageToFeatures, Resample, GetMap
Distance Euclidean Distance
Grid Reclass Reclass, ReclassStatistics
Coverage
Extraction Extraction, SetMask
Service
(CA) Zonal ZonalStatistics
Overlay Math(+,-,*,%), ConditionEvaluation, Merge
Surface Slope, Aspect, Hillshade, Cutfill
Custom Fuzzy

(2012. 07 기준) 국토공간계획지원체계(KOPSS) Open API 7

KOPSS API 구성
Type Category Process Identifier

Statistics(Count, Sum, Mean, Minimum, Maximum, Standard Deviation), Histogram(Value-Frequenc
Statistics
Statistics y pairs), Classify(Equal Interval, Quantile, Natural Breaks 등), AHP, StatisticsEx, Pearson, Regression
Service
(SA)
Spatial Statistics Moran’s I(Global, Local), G Statistics(Global, Local), Spatial LQ, SpatialCrossAnalysis

행정구역별 필지현황 생성, 행정구역별 건축물현황 생성, 접근성분석, 필지경계 생성
공통
KOPSS Density, 접근성분석

형상지수(LFI)

인구추정
- 단순증가선형모형(등차급수법), 등비급수형지수모형(등비급수법), 순간복리형지수모형(지수
KOPSS 터잡이
함수법), 로지스틱모형
Model
Service
거주밀도 소요면적 산정, 주택호수 소요면적 산정, 상업용지 소요면적 산정, 공업용지 소요면적
(KM)
산정 정지량분석

기초현황보기, 수요분석, 수요변화 시뮬레이션, 실제공급량계산, 공급변화 시뮬레이션, 공급적정
시설이
성평가, 입지배분 후보지 탐색, 후보지 접근성분석

지역이 국토지표로부터 다차원 DB 생성
재생이 토지(필지)조서작성, 건축물조서작성, 도로점유율, 주택접도율, 노후불량 건축물조회
기본레이어 생성, 지형도생성, 도로중심선 및 실폭도로, 도로교통주제도, 용도지역지구생성, 건축
C/S 관리도구
물대장 생성, 지적/토지특성 생성, 지적/건축물대장 생성, 인구정보 생성

(2012. 07 기준) 국토공간계획지원체계(KOPSS) Open API 8

KOPSS API 제약사항
 WMS(1.3.0), WFS(1.1.0), WCS(1.1.1), WPS(1.0.0)는 OGC 규격을 따름
 Filter는 Function을 제외한 다음을 지원
 Comparison: =, <>, <, >, >=, <=, like, null, between,
 Spatial:
Equals, Disjoint, Touches, Within, Overlaps, Crosses, Intersects, Contains, BBOX, Dwit
hin, Beyond
 Logical: And, Or, Not
 Arithmetic: Add(+), Sub(-), Mul(*), Div(/)

 GridCoverage(Raster)는 NoData 처리가 가능해야 함
 특정 알고리즘에 대해서는 KOPSS API 문서에 포함된 알고리즘을 구현
 KOPSS Density, LFI 등

 SRS가 포함된 Geometry가 Input 파라미터로 입력되는 경우 Output Geometry 역시
SRS 정보가 포함되어야 함
 <gml:Polygon srsDimension="2" srsName="http://www.opengis.net/gml/srs/epsg.xml#5174">

 KML 및 GeoRSS 변환의 경우 WGS84 경위도로 변환


KOPSS Architecture: Concept
 분석기능이 필요 없는 배경지도 및 주제도는 WMS를 이용
 분석기능이 필요 없는 레이어의 조회는 WFS를 이용
 상호운영성에 중점

 DEM/Slope/Aspect 등 대용량의 래스터는 WCS를 이용하여 WPS 등 클라이
언트에서는 Resample, Subset, Reproject 하여 WPS의 파라미터로 넘김

 WPS는 WFS, WCS 및 External resource를 source 데이터로 이용하여 분석
후 요청 format으로 리턴
 External resource
 WPS의 결과
 Zip-shapefile, cad 등 reference url

 국가공간정보체계 자원 활용하는 경우
 지자체의 상황에 따라 Altibase DBMS 를 지원(Data provider)


KOPSS Architecture: Service
KOPSS 관리도구 KOPSS Web Client API 단위테스트

Mart 관리 통합테스트

HTTP
2D Web KOPSS 연계 시스템

토지이용계획 도시기반시설계획 지역계획 도시재정비계획 UPIS, …

HTTP
OGC OWS 기반 GIS Server

WMS WFS WPS WCS

외부기관
KOPSS DB Sync Sync KLIS, 국토지표통계, 교통, 환경…
(Altibase ?) NSDI DB


Service Version Operator
Web Coverage Service GetCapabilities


GetCoverage
 Why WCS?
 대용량 래스터에 대한 Resample, Subset, Reproject 지원
 대상레이어: DEM, Slope, Aspect, Hillshade 및 래스터 형태의 주제도
 Ex) 대구 DEM 5*5 = 7459, 9066
 Request
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<GetCoverage version="1.1.1" service="WCS" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/wcs/1.1.1" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows/1.1"
xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml" xmlns:ogc="http://www.opengis.net/ogc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.opengis.net/wcs/1.1.1 http://schemas.opengis.net/wcs/1.1.1/wcsAll.xsd">
<ows:Identifier>kopss:dem</ows:Identifier>
<DomainSubset>
<ows:BoundingBox crs="urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::2096">
<ows:LowerCorner>141265.143 234558.859</ows:LowerCorner>
<ows:UpperCorner>178560.143 279888.859</ows:UpperCorner>
</ows:BoundingBox>
</DomainSubset>
<Output store="true" format="image/geotiff">
<GridCRS>
<GridBaseCRS>urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::2096</GridBaseCRS>
<GridType>urn:ogc:def:method:WCS:1.1:2dSimpleGrid</GridType>
<GridOffsets>5.0 -5.0</GridOffsets>
<GridCS>urn:ogc:def:cs:OGC:0.0:Grid2dSquareCS</GridCS>
</GridCRS>
</Output>
</GetCoverage>




GetCoverage

 서버의 특정 위치에 저장되며, 클라이언트는 위치만 알고 처리
 Response
 <Output store="true“…….>

<wcs:Coverages xmlns:wcs="http://www.opengis.net/wcs/1.1.1" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:ogc="http://www.opengis.net/ogc" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows/1.1"
xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://localhost:8090/geoserver/schemas/wcs/1.1.1/wcsCoverages.xsd">
<wcs:Coverage>
<ows:Title>dem</ows:Title>
<ows:Abstract>Generated from GeoTIFF</ows:Abstract>
<ows:Identifier>dem</ows:Identifier>
<ows:Reference xlink:href="http://localhost:8090/server/temp/wcs/dem_9507595085222.tif" />
</wcs:Coverage>
</wcs:Coverages>




GetCoverage

 Response
 <Output store=“false“…….>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="----=_Part_6_1071286.1341808158497"

------=_Part_6_1071286.1341808158497
Content-Type: text/xml
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-ID: <urn:ogc:wcs:1.1:coverages>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><wcs:Coverages xmlns:wcs="http://www.opengis.net/wcs/1.1.1"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ogc="http://www.opengis.net/ogc"
xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows/1.1" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://localhost:8090/geoserver/schemas/wcs/1.1.1/wcsCoverages.xsd"><wcs:Coverage><ows:Title>dem</
ows:Title><ows:Abstract>Generated from GeoTIFF</ows:Abstract><ows:Identifier>dem</ows:Identifier><ows:Reference
xlink:href="cid:theCoverage"/></wcs:Coverage></wcs:Coverages>
------=_Part_6_1071286.1341808158497
Content-Type: image/tiff;subtype="geotiff"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-ID: <theCoverage>

TU0AKgAAAAgAEgEAAAMAAAABAJAAAAEBAAMAAAABAIcAAAECAAMAAAABACAAAAEDAAMAAAABAAUA
.......................
3z31333537393/4B4D4F4H4J4L4N4PseICA=
------=_Part_6_1071286.1341808158497--


Web
Processing
Service

16

WPS Parameter Type
 LiteralData, BoundingBoxData, ComplexData

1. Literal Native: byte, short, int, long, float, double, String….

2. BoundingBox Extent

GridCoverage
Binary
Zip-binary

3. Complex
Feature GML
XML
Custom XML

Mime type
상호운영성 및 버전관리를 위해 반드시 필요하며, Data source는 모든 WPS process의 결과를 포함
Category Data source Format Mime type
GML2.1 text/xml; subtype=gml/2.1.2
GML3.1 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1(필수)
GML3.2 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.2.1
Custom
Geometry GeoJSON application/json
Features
& KML2.1 text/xml; subtype=kml/2.1 (vnd.google-earth.kml+xml)
WFS
Feature KML2.2 text/xml; subtype=kml/2.2
Shapefile
Collection GeoRSS2.0 Simple text/xml; subtype=rss_simple/2.0 (rss+xml)
Cad Dataset
GeoRSS2.0 GML text/xml; subtype=rss_gml/2.0
Zip-shapefile application/zip
Wkt application/wkt(geometry)
Wkb application/wkb(geometry)
Grid
WCS GeoTiff image/tiff(필수) 또는 image/geotiff
Coverage
text/xml; subtype=sld/1.0.0(필수)
SLD User XML
text/xml; subtype=sld/1.1.0
Filter User XML text/xml; subtype=filter/1.1(필수)
XML User XML text/xml(필수)
Literal User - -

Mime type - example
<wps:Execute version="1.0.0" service="WPS" ……………………………………..>
<ows:Identifier>kopss:CA_FeaturesToCoverage</ows:Identifier>
<wps:DataInputs>
<wps:Input>
<ows:Identifier>inputFeatures</ows:Identifier>
<wps:Reference mimeType="text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1" xlink:href="http://wps_server/wfs" method="POST">
<wps:Body>
<wfs:GetFeature service="WFS" version="1.1.0" outputFormat="text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1">
<wfs:Query typeName="kopss:kot_b_uq111" srsName="EPSG:2096">
<ogc:Filter>
<ogc:PropertyIsEqualTo>
<ogc:PropertyName>sgg_cd</ogc:PropertyName>
<ogc:Literal>27110</ogc:Literal>
</ogc:PropertyIsEqualTo>
확장
</ogc:Filter> <wps:ResponseForm>
</wfs:Query> <wps:RawDataOutput mimeType=“application/json">
</wfs:GetFeature> <ows:Identifier>result</ows:Identifier>
</wps:Body>
</wps:Reference> </wps:RawDataOutput>
</wps:Input> </wps:ResponseForm>
<wps:Input>
<ows:Identifier>fieldName</ows:Identifier> <wps:ResponseForm>
<wps:Data>
<wps:LiteralData>ucode</wps:LiteralData> <wps:RawDataOutput mimeType="text/xml; subtype=kml/2.2">
</wps:Data> <ows:Identifier>result</ows:Identifier>
</wps:Input> </wps:RawDataOutput>
…………………………..
</wps:DataInputs> </wps:ResponseForm>
<wps:ResponseForm>
<wps:ResponseDocument storeExecuteResponse="false"> <wps:ResponseForm>
<wps:Output mimeType="image/tiff" asReference="true"> <wps:RawDataOutput mimeType="text/xml; subtype=gml/3.2.1">
<ows:Identifier>result</ows:Identifier>
</wps:Output> <ows:Identifier>result</ows:Identifier>
</wps:ResponseDocument> </wps:RawDataOutput>
</wps:ResponseForm> </wps:ResponseForm>
</wps:Execute>


WPS Request: Process Identifier
 Process Identifier 규칙: namespace:process identifier
<wps:Execute version="1.0.0" service="WPS" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/wps/1.0.0" xmlns:wfs="http://www.opengis.net/wfs"
xmlns:wps="http://www.opengis.net/wps/1.0.0" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows/1.1"
xmlns:wcs="http://www.opengis.net/wcs/1.1.1" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.opengis.net/wps/1.0.0 http://schemas.opengis.net/wps/1.0.0/wpsAll.xsd">
<ows:Identifier>kopss:ST_Centroid</ows:Identifier>
<wps:DataInputs>
<wps:Input>
<ows:Identifier>inputGeometry</ows:Identifier>
<wps:Data>
<wps:ComplexData mimeType="text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1">
<gml:LineString srsDimension="2" srsName="http://www.opengis.net/gml/srs/epsg.xml#4326">
<gml:posList>-290.0 60.0 -240.0 150.0 -100.0 130.0 -100.0 100.0 20.0 130.0 100.0 90.0 180.0
60.0 260.0 -70.0</gml:posList>
</gml:LineString>
</wps:ComplexData>
</wps:Data>
</wps:Input>
</wps:DataInputs>
<wps:ResponseForm>
<wps:RawDataOutput mimeType="text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1">
</wps:RawDataOutput>
</wps:ResponseForm>
</wps:Execute>


WPS Request: Parameter
 Parameter: Reference POST
 Ex) wfs, wcs, gml, filter, sld … complex type
<wps:Execute version="1.0.0" service="WPS" .. xmlns:wfs="http://www.opengis.net/wfs" >
<ows:Identifier>kopss:VA_Buffer</ows:Identifier>
<wps:DataInputs>
<wps:Input>
<wps:Reference mimeType="text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1" xlink:href="http://server/wfs" method="POST">
<wps:Body>
<wfs:GetFeature service="WFS" version="1.1.0" outputFormat="text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1">
<wfs:Query typeName="kopss:kob_tl_subway" srsName="EPSG:2096" />
</wfs:GetFeature>
</wps:Body>
</wps:Reference>
</wps:Input>
<wps:Input>
<ows:Identifier>distance</ows:Identifier>
<wps:Data>
<wps:LiteralData>100</wps:LiteralData>
</wps:Data>
</wps:Input>
</wps:DataInputs>
<wps:ResponseForm>
</wps:ResponseForm>
</wps:Execute>


 Parameter: Reference POST CDATA
 Ex) wfs, wcs, gml, filter, sld, custom xml … complex type
<wps:Execute version="1.0.0" service="WPS" ...>
<ows:Identifier>kopss:CA_Slope</ows:Identifier>
<wps:DataInputs>
<wps:Input>
<ows:Identifier>inputCoverage</ows:Identifier>
<wps:Reference mimeType="image/tiff" xlink:href="http://server/wcs" method="POST">
<wps:Body><![CDATA[<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<GetCoverage version="1.1.1" service="WCS" xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/wcs/1.1.1" ...>
<ows:Identifier>kopss:raster_dem</ows:Identifier>
<DomainSubset>
<ows:BoundingBox crs="urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::2096">
<ows:LowerCorner>249126.90643187007 366434.5230430386</ows:LowerCorner>
<ows:UpperCorner>260621.90643187007 377144.5230430386</ows:UpperCorner>
</ows:BoundingBox>
</DomainSubset>
<Output store="true" format="image/geotiff">
<GridCRS>
<GridBaseCRS>urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::2096</GridBaseCRS>
<GridType>urn:ogc:def:method:WCS:1.1:2dSimpleGrid</GridType>
<GridOffsets>5.0 -5.0</GridOffsets>
<GridCS>urn:ogc:def:cs:OGC:0.0:Grid2dSquareCS</GridCS>
</GridCRS>
</Output>
</GetCoverage>]]></wps:Body>
</wps:Reference>
</wps:Input>


 Parameter: Reference GET
 Ex)wps process result(asReference=true), external resource(dxf…)..

<wps:Execute version="1.0.0" service="WPS" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/wps/1.0.0" xmlns:wfs="http://www.opengis.net/wfs"
xmlns:wps="http://www.opengis.net/wps/1.0.0" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows/1.1"
xmlns:wcs="http://www.opengis.net/wcs/1.1.1" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.opengis.net/wps/1.0.0 http://schemas.opengis.net/wps/1.0.0/wpsAll.xsd">
<ows:Identifier>kopss:VA_FeaturesToPoint</ows:Identifier>
<wps:DataInputs>
<wps:Input>
<wps:Reference mimeType="text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1"
xlink:href="http://server/temp/api_data/areaFeatures.xml" method="GET" />
</wps:Input>
</wps:DataInputs>
<wps:ResponseForm>
</wps:ResponseForm>
</wps:Execute>


WPS Response: ResponseForm

RawDataOutput GML, GridCovearge… rawdata

storeExecute
Status & ID
Response
ResponseDocument
Document + RawData
asReference
Document + Result URL

WPS Response: RawDataOutput
 Literal, BoundingBox, Complex(Custom XML 등) 등 요청 후 클라
이언트에서 재사용하지 않는 경우
<wps:Execute version="1.0.0" service="WPS"
……………………
</wps:DataInputs>
<wps:ResponseForm>
<wps:RawDataOutput mimeType="text/xml">
</wps:ResponseForm>
</wps:Execute>

<SA_Classify>
<TypeName>pfla_emd_pop</TypeName>
<PropertyName>pop</PropertyName>
<ClassBreaks BreakCount="5" Method="NaturalBreaks">
<Value>5.0</Value>
<Value>5137.000000</Value>
<Value>13053.000000</Value>
<Value>28370.000000</Value>
<Value>62554.000000</Value>
<Value>121279.0</Value>
</ClassBreaks>
</SA_Classify>


WPS Response: ResponseDocument
 asReference=true
 한번 요청 후 클라이언트에서 재사용하는 경우
 Tiff와 같이 클라이언트에서 처리하기 어려운 포맷인 경우 서버에서 처리
 대용량의 데이터인 경우
............
</wps:DataInputs>
<wps:ResponseForm>
<wps:ResponseDocument storeExecuteResponse="false">
<wps:Output mimeType="image/tiff" asReference="true">
</wps:Output>
</wps:ResponseDocument>
</wps:ResponseForm>
</wps:Execute>

<wps:ExecuteResponse service="WPS" version="1.0.0" ……….>
………
<wps:ProcessOutputs>
<wps:Output>
<wps:Reference href="http://server/temp/gridcoverage/result_230_2123fds.tif" mimeType="image/tiff" />
</wps:Output>
</wps:ProcessOutputs>
</wps:ExecuteResponse>


WPS Response: ResponseDocument
 storeExecuteResponse=true
............
</wps:DataInputs>
<wps:ResponseForm>
<wps:ResponseDocument storeExecuteResponse=“true">
<wps:Output mimeType="image/tiff" asReference="true">
</wps:Output>
</wps:ResponseDocument>
</wps:ResponseForm>
</wps:Execute>

<wps:ExecuteResponse xml:lang="en" service="WPS" serviceInstance="http://localhost:8090/geoserver/ows?"
statusLocation="http://localhost:8090/geoserver/ows?service=WPS&version=1.0.0&request=GetExecutionS
tatus&executionId=142e4b6c-44e1-4aba-b8a2-6da8f0793198" version="1.0.0" ……..>
<wps:Process wps:processVersion="1.0.0">
<ows:Identifier>kopss:CA_Resample</ows:Identifier>
………..
</wps:Process>
<wps:Status creationTime="2012-07-08T05:41:45.198Z">
<wps:ProcessAccepted>Process accepted.</wps:ProcessAccepted>
</wps:Status>
</wps:ExecuteResponse>

http://server/ows?service=WPS&version=1.0.0&request=GetExecutionResult&executionId=142e4b6c-44e1-4aba-b8a2-
6da8f0793198&outputId=result.tiff&mimetype=image%2Ftiff


Geometry
Processes

28

ST_* Process
 Geometry operator
 relationship, operator, proximity & distance, edit, conversion 등
 Data source = GML
 Issue
 Precision(이후 VA_* 계열 process 전체 영향)
 Buffer - option
 Simplify – Douglas-Peucker algorithm
 Rotate – radian angle


ST_* Process: Precision
 Single vs Double
 Database 저장구조
 Geometry 연산

 Geometry 연산을 사용하는 모든 분석에 영향
 거리, 면적 측정 등
 Operator(Function) 등

 API 결과 검증은 어떻게 할 것인가?
 인정하고 지자체가 도입시 판단?


ST_* Process: Function
 ST_Union, ST_Intersection, ST_Difference, ST_SymDifference

 Same Dimension
 Point : Point  Point
 LineString : LineString  LineString or MultiLineStrng
 Polygon : Polygon  Polygon or MultiPolygon

 Different Dimension
 Point : LineString or Polygon  Point
 MultiPoint : LineString or Polygon  Point or MultiPoint
 LineString : Polygon  LineString or MultiLineStrng


ST_* Process: Buffer
 ST_Buffer(inputGeometry Geometry, distance Double, endCapStyle String, joinStyle
String, quadrantSegments Integer)) : Geometry
 endCapStyle: Round(1, default), Flat(2), Square(3)
 joinStyle: Round(1, default), Mitre(2), Bevel(3)
 Quadrant Segments: 8(left, default) vs 32(right)


ST_* Process: Buffer
 End cap style : Round(default), Flat, Square


ST_* Process: Rotate
 rotZRadians = PI / 180.0 * angle(degree)
 Ex) rotate 75° = PI / 180.0 * 75 = 1.3089969389957472


ST_* Process: Simplify
 Douglas-Peucker algorithm(default)
 Ex)
 Gray: source geometry
 Red: tolerance 1
 Blue: tolerance 5
LINESTRING (261956.05099999998 166101.414, 261956.09600000002
166103.87699999998, 261956.18200000003
166105.69799999997, 261956.60900000005 166106.811, 261957.34199999995
166108.251, 261957.72600000002 166108.772, 261957.74199999997
166111.33399999997, 261957.44900000002 166121.988, 261957.42099999997
166122.805, 261957.27500000002 166123.25799999997, 261956.816
166123.30800000002, 261954.527 166123.32900000003, 261951.22999999998
166123.342, 261949.59699999995 166122.10700000002, 261948.58900000004
166120.76299999998, 261947.22699999996
166118.05699999997, 261946.99399999995
166116.71999999997, 261947.22999999998 166112.919, 261947.05500000005
166111.322, 261946.59600000002 166110.34000000003, 261945.59100000001
166109.37099999998, 261944.39099999995
166108.23599999998, 261943.83200000005 166107.126, 261943.66299999994
166105.751, 261943.91000000003 166103.701, 261944.777
166100.41100000002, 261944.936 166098.336, 261944.68500000006
166096.54100000003, 261944.071 166095.206, 261943.38600000006
166094.48100000003, 261942.65099999995
166094.22999999998, 261940.05299999996
166094.18300000002, 261933.45900000003 국토공간계획지원체계(KOPSS) Open API 35

ST_* Process: NearestPoint
 returns the nearest point on a geometry to the input geometry.

target

source Nearest Point


ST_* Process: SetSRID
 Sets the SRID on a geometry to a particular SRID
<wps:Execute version="1.0.0" service="WPS" ……..>
<ows:Identifier>kopss:ST_SetSRID</ows:Identifier>
<wps:DataInputs>
<wps:Input>
<wps:Data>
<gml:Point>
<gml:pos>129.6042549474073 36.80640958328785</gml:pos>
</gml:Point>
</wps:ComplexData>
</wps:Data>
</wps:Input>
<wps:Input>
<ows:Identifier>srID</ows:Identifier>
<wps:Data>
<wps:LiteralData>EPSG:4326</wps:LiteralData>
</wps:Data>
</wps:Input>
</wps:DataInputs> …..

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<gml:Point srsDimension="2" srsName="http://www.opengis.net/gml/srs/epsg.xml#4326" ...>
<gml:pos>129.6042549474073 36.80640958328785</gml:pos>
</gml:Point>


ST_* Process: Transform
 Geometry에 좌표체계 정보가 포함된 경우
<wps:Execute version="1.0.0" service="WPS" …..>
<ows:Identifier>kopss:ST_Transform</ows:Identifier>
<wps:DataInputs>
<wps:Input>
<wps:Data>
<gml:Point srsDimension="2" srsName="http://www.opengis.net/gml/srs/epsg.xml#2096">
<gml:pos>250951.08217087443 371270.4452788795</gml:pos>
</gml:Point>
</wps:ComplexData>
</wps:Data>
</wps:Input>
<wps:Input>
<ows:Identifier>targetCRS</ows:Identifier>
<wps:Data>
</wps:Data>
</wps:Input>
<gml:Point srsDimension="2" srsName="http://www.opengis.net/gml/srs/epsg.xml#4326" ...>
<gml:pos>129.56890769890933 36.84149679781663</gml:pos>
</gml:Point>


ST_* Process: Transform
 Geometry에 좌표체계 정보가 없는 경우
<ows:Identifier>kopss:ST_Transform</ows:Identifier>
<wps:DataInputs>
<wps:Input>
<wps:Data>
<gml:Point>
<gml:pos>250951.08217087443 371270.4452788795</gml:pos>
</gml:Point>
</wps:ComplexData>
</wps:Data>
</wps:Input>
<wps:Input>
<ows:Identifier>sourceCRS</ows:Identifier>
<wps:Data>
</wps:Data>
</wps:Input>
<wps:Input>
<ows:Identifier>targetCRS</ows:Identifier>
<wps:Data>
</wps:Data>
</wps:Input>

ST_* Process: KML
 KML로 변환시 WGS84 경위도로 좌표변환 후 인코딩
<wps:Execute version="1.0.0" service="WPS" …..>
<ows:Identifier>kopss:ST_AsKML</ows:Identifier>
<wps:DataInputs>
<wps:Input>
<wps:Data>
<gml:Point srsDimension="2" srsName="http://www.opengis.net/gml/srs/epsg.xml#2097">
<gml:pos>257601.70330083393 372312.5754942566</gml:pos>
</gml:Point>
</wps:ComplexData>
</wps:Data>
</wps:Input>
</wps:DataInputs>
<wps:ResponseForm>
<wps:RawDataOutput mimeType="text/xml; subtype=vnd.google-earth.kml+xml">
</wps:ResponseForm>
</wps:Execute>
<kml:Point xmlns:kml="http://earth.google.com/kml/2.1">
<kml:coordinates>127.64373390338656,36.85046838175518</kml:coordinates>
</kml:Point>


Vector
Analysis
Processes

41

VA_* Process
 Vector(FeatureCollection) analysis
 Overlay, proximity, extraction, generalization, conversion,
projection, calculation
 Data source = GML(WFS 포함)/XML
 Issue
 overlay(intersect, union, difference…) precision
 Cad(dxf) to feature collection
 Accessibility – Network(Dijkstra's algorithm)
 Fishnet


VA_* Process: Cad(dxf) Conversion
 Cad Dataset의 포맷은 DXF 버전 12 이상을 사용한다.
 Filter Encoding을 이용하여 제약조건을 설정할 수 있으며 변환
가능한 Feature 유형은 Point, LineString, Polygon, Text(Point)의
4가지 옵션을 설정할 수 있다.
 모든 Feature는 layer(String) 필드는 반드시 포함해야 한다.
 Feature 유형이 라인 및 포인트의 경우 height(Double) 필드를,
Text일 경우 textlabel(String) 필드를 포함해야 한다.
 DXF 파일은 좌표체계정보를 가질 수 없으므로 forcedCRS(예
EPSG:4326) 파라미터를 추가하여 좌표체계를 정의할 수 있도
록 한다.


WPS Request: Cad(dxf) Conversion
<ows:Identifier>kopss:VA_CadDatasetToGML</ows:Identifier>
<wps:DataInputs>
<wps:Input>
<ows:Identifier>cadDatasetURL</ows:Identifier>
<wps:Data>
<wps:LiteralData>http://server/temp/cad/cadDataset.dxf</wps:LiteralData>
</wps:Data>
</wps:Input>
<wps:Input>
<ows:Identifier>forcedCRS</ows:Identifier>
<wps:Data>
</wps:Data>
</wps:Input>
<wps:Input>
<ows:Identifier>featureType</ows:Identifier>
<wps:Data>
</wps:Data>
</wps:Input>
</wps:DataInputs>
<wps:ResponseForm>
</wps:ResponseForm>
</wps:Execute>


VA_* Process: Cad(dxf) Conversion
 KOPSS에서는 주로 폴리곤(사업지구 경계 등) 및 텍스트포인트(지구명 등)를 추출
하여 폴리곤 내 텍스트포인트의 속성을 계산하여 활용
 ArcGIS와 비교


VA_* Process: Fishnet
 boundary 입력시 boundaryInside 파라미터를 설정한다.
boundary가 LineString일 경우 boundaryInside는 False만
사용한다.
 column 및 row 수, width 및 height 파라미터가 모두 입력되
는 경우 column 및 row가 방식이 우선한다.
 Fishnet 생성은 ArcGIS 또는 그리드 생성 방식에 맞춰 좌하
단(LL)에서 우상단(UR) 방향으로 계산한다.
 셀의 width 및 height가 주어졌을 경우 extent 크기를 늘려
분석영역을 완전히 포함해야 한다.
 리턴되는 feaure collection의 스키마는 UID(Interger, 일련
번호)를 포함한다.


VA_* Process: Fishnet
좌하단(LL)에서 우상단(UR) 방향으로 계산
셀의 width 및 height가 주어졌을 경우 extent 크기를 늘려 분석영역을 완전히 포함

21 22 23 24 25

16 17 18 19 20

11 12 13 14 15

6 7 8 9 10

1 2 3 4 5

boundaryInside: true or false


VA_* Process: ThiessenPolygon
 중복포인트 피쳐일 경우 하나만 취함
 clipArea가 주어졌을 경우 Clip 후 반환


VA_* Process: Overlay
 Overlay(intersect, union, difference<erase>, identity, symmetrical difference)
precision
 Intersect = && (logical AND)
 Union = || (logical OR)
 Identity = a + (a AND b)
 Symmetrical Difference= (a OR b) - (a AND b)
 Erase(Difference) = a NOT b
 Update = (a NOT b) + b
 General Process
 ArcGIS: cracking features  assembling features  overlay processing
 Other Tools: overlay processing : 각 레이어별로 Feature의 Geometry가 중첩되는 경우
ArcGIS와 결과 달라짐
 Cluster tolerance
 API 검증에서 ArcGIS는 0.0으로 설정하면 면적(10) 이상인 피쳐의 개수가 동일할 경우
 Overlay 연산 결과 피쳐의 Geomery가 Null 또는 Empty인 경우 결과에서 제외
 두 레이어의 Overlay 연산에서 두번째 레이어의 필드가 첫번째 필드와 이름이 같을
경우 _1, _n 규칙으로 이름 변경


VA_* Process: Intersect
 Intersect
 서로 다른 차원의 레이어인 경우 차수가 낮은 차원의 레이어가 기준

Input layer Overlay layer


VA_* Process: Union
 Union
 Polygon layer간의 연산만 수행

Input layer Overlay layer


VA_* Process: Union & Intersect
 x,y resolution
 The precision with which coordinates within a feature class are recorded
 The default x,y resolution for feature classes is 0.0001 meters or its equivalent in the units of the dataset's
coordinate system.

 x,y tolerance
 A cluster tolerance used to cluster features with coincident geometry; used in topology, feature overlay, and
related operations
 The x,y tolerance is used to set the minimum distance between coordinates in clustering operations, such as
topology validation, buffer generation, and polygon overlay, as well as in some editing operations.
 The default x,y tolerance is set to 0.001 meters or its equivalent in the units of the dataset's real-world
coordinate system (in other words, 0.001 meters on the ground)
 The default value for the x,y tolerance is 10 times the default x,y resolution, and this is recommended for most
cases.

 ArcGIS 사례 : Cluster tolerance = 0
 GDB를 사용하는 경우
 Tolerance = 0이라도 gdb의 default x,y tolerance를 따름
 API 단위테스트 샘플데이터셋 Union : 42개의 피쳐
 Shapefile을 사용하는 경우
 면적
 Null shape
 API 단위테스트 샘플데이터셋 Union : 55개의 피쳐


VA_* Process: Clip
 Case 1
 Input layer의 각 Feature별 clip layer의 Feature가 한 개 intersect 되는 경우
 Input layer의 속성 유지

Input layer Clip layer


VA_* Process: Clip
 Case 2
 Input layer의 각 Feature별 clip layer의 Feature가 여러 개 intersect 되는 경우
 Input layer의 속성 유지

Input layer Clip layer


VA_* Process: Buffer
 Quadrant Segments: 24(default), End cap style : Round(default)


VA_* Process: Dissolve & PointStatistics
 Sum.Jiga, Mean.Jiga  SUM_Jiga, AVG_Jiga

입력 파라미터 리턴 필드

First : String 필드, Dissolve 대상 Feature의 첫 번째 값 FST_필드명
Last : String 필드, Dissolve 대상 Feature의 마지막 값 LST_필드명
Sum : Numeric 필드, Dissolve 대상 Feature의 합 SUM_필드명
Mean : Numeric 필드, Dissolve 대상 Feature의 평균값 AVG_필드명
Min : Numeric 필드, Dissolve 대상 Feature의 최소값 MIN_필드명
Max : Numeric 필드, Dissolve 대상 Feature의 최대값 MAX_필드명
Std : Numeric 필드, Dissolve 대상 Feature의 표준편차 STD_필드명
Var : Numeric 필드, Dissolve 대상 Feature의 분산 VAR_필드명
Range : Numeric 필드, Dissolve 대상 Feature의 범위 RNG_필드명
Count : Dissolve 대상 Feature의 수 CNT_필드명

VA_* Process: Accessibility Network
 Dijkstra's algorithm(default), A-Star(A*), Shooting-Star(Shooting*)
  길이 및 차선에 대한 weight 설정이 가능해야 함


GridCoverage
Analysis
Processes

58

CA_* Process
 Raster analysis
 Conversion, density, distance, classification, extraction, zonal, overlay, s
urface, math, custom…
 Data source = GML(WFS 포함)/GeoTIFF(WCS 포함)
 Issue
 Common – cell size, extent, search radius
 Zonal statistics - 통계
 Surface – slope, aspect, hillshade 등 algorithm
 Conversion – point, line, polygon
 Density – kernel 함수
(Quadratic<Arcgis>, Binary, Cosine, Distance, Epanechnikov, Gaussian, In
verse_Distance, Quartic, Triangular, Triweight, Tricube)
 Resample – origin point


CA_* Process: Common
 Cell Size
 셀 크기가 주어지지 않은 래스터 분석의 경우 셀 크기는 입력데이
터 Extent의 width 및 height 중 작은 값을 250으로 나눈 값을 사용
 Ex) CellSize = Math.min(Extent.getWidth(), Extent.getHeight()) / 250.0d
 Extent
 Extent가 주어지는 경우
 Default = 입력 데이터의 extent
 Density 등 분석에서 Extent가 주어지지 않는 경우
 …
 Search Radius(Band width)
 Density 등 기본 탐색반경
 Ex) searchRadius = Math.min(extent.getWidth(), extent.getHeight()) / 30.0d;


CA_* Process: FeaturesToCoverage
 Point(MultiPoint)
 ArcGIS
 Cell assignment
 Most_Frequent(Default), Sum, Mean, Standard_Deviation, Maximum, Minimum,
Range, Count


 LineString(MultiLineString)

 Algorithm
 Bresenham's line algorithm ?
 Scan-line algorithm ?

 ArcGIS
 Cell assignment
 MAXIMUM_LENGTH(default)
 GDAL
 Bresenham's line algorithm


 Polygon(MultiPolygon)

 Algorithm
 Polygon Filling Algorithm ?
 Scan Line Fill Algorithm ?

 ArcGIS & GDAL
 Cell assignment
 CELL_CENTER(default)


CA_* Process: Surface
 Algorithm : Slope, Aspect, Hillshade 분석에 영향
① Neighborhood Method. Burrough, P. A. and Mcdonell, R.A. Algorithm
(1998). Included in ArcGIS.
② 2nd Degree Polynomial Adjustment. Bauer, Rohdenburg and Bork
Algorithm (1985)
③ 2nd Degree Polynomial Adjustment. Heerdegen and Beran Algorithm
(1982).
④ 2nd Degree Polynomial Adjustment. Zevenbergen and Thorne Algorithm
(1987).
⑤ 3rd Degree Polynomial Adjustment. Haralick Algorithm (1983)
⑥ Maximum Slope. Travis Algorithm (1975)
⑦ Maximum Slope by Triangles. Tarboton Algorithm (1997)
⑧ Least Squares Fit Plane. Costa-Cabral and Burgess Algorithm (1996)
⑨ Maximum Downhill Slope. Hickey, Van Remortel and Maichle Algorithm
(2004)
출처: http://www.unesco.org.uy/phi/aqualac/fileadmin/phi/aqualac/GarciaRodriguez_et_al_p78-82.pdf

CA_* Process: Surface
 Slope algorithm: Neighborhood Method
slope_degrees = ATAN (rise_run) * 57.29578 (180/pi)

rise_run = √ ([dz/dx]2 + [dz/dy]2]

[dz/dx] = ((c + 2f + i) - (a + 2d + g) / (8 * x_cellsize)

[dz/dy] = ((g + 2h + i) - (a + 2b + c)) / (8 * y_cellsize)

 Edge 셀 처리
• 위 (3 x 3 window) 셀에서 e(중심셀)의 값이 NoData이면 NoData값을 리턴
• e 셀을 제외한 나머지 셀의 값이 NoData인 경우 e 셀 값으로 대체하여 계산

http://help.arcgis.com/en/arcgisdesktop/10.0/help/index.html#/How_Slope_works/009z000000vz000000/


CA_* Process: Density
 Kernel Functions
 Quadratic<ArcGIS>
 Binary<Simple Density>
 Cosine
 Distance
 Epanechnikov
 Gaussian
 Inverse_Distance
 Quartic
 Triangular
 Triweight
 Tricube

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_(statistics)

 ArcGIS kernel function is based on the quadratic kernel function
described in Silverman (1986, p. 76, equation 4.5).

Silverman, B.W. Density Estimation for
Statistics and Data Analysis. New York:
Chapman and Hall, 1986.

출처: http://www.bchydro.com/

Quadratic (ArcGIS)


Quadratic
(Custom)


Quartic


Epanechnikov


Tricube


Triangular


Triweight


Cosine


Gaussian


Inverse Distance


Distance


Binary=Point Density


 Vector vs RasterToPoint
A


 Vector vs RasterToPoint
G


A


B


CA_* Process: Euclidean distance
 폴리곤 데이터소스의 경우 Rasterizing 알고리즘에 따라 셀 크
기가 클 경우 오차 발생

A G

Cellsize: 100

 폴리곤 데이터소스의 경우 Rasterizing 알고리즘에 따라 셀 크
기가 클 경우 오차 발생

A G

Cellsize: 30

 Maximum distance: 2000 m


CA_* Process: Zonal statistics
 FeaturesToGridCoverage 와 관련
COUNT AREA MIN MAX RANGE MEAN STD SUM
286673 7166825 49 490 441 177.32552 101.90411 50834436
286661 7166525 49 490 441 177.38812 101.94474 50850256
286674 7166850 49 490 441 177.32485 101.90420 50834425


CA_* Process: CoverageToFeatures
 ArcGIS 9.3
 RasterToPolyline
 Weeding uses the Douglas – Peucker algorithm for line generalization
with a tolerance of sqrt(0.5) * cell size.
 RasterToPolygon
 The weeding parameter uses an algorithm specifically designed for
raster-to-vector conversion. It is not the Douglas – Peucker algorithm.
 ArcGIS 10.0/10.1
 정보 없음

http://webhelp.esri.com/arcgisdesktop/9.3/index.cfm?TopicName=RasterDataToLineFeatureData


CA_* Process: CoverageToFeatures
A B


CA_* Process: Resample
 ArcGIS
 The lower left corner of the output raster dataset will be the
same map space coordinate location as the lower left corner of
the input raster dataset.
 The numbers of rows and columns in the output raster are
determined as follows:
 columns = (xmax - xmin) / cell size
 rows = (ymax - ymin) / cell size

http://help.arcgis.com/en/arcgisdesktop/10.0/help/index.html#/Resample/00170000009t000000/


CA_* Process: Resample
1 * 1 미터 래스터를 3 * 3 미터 래스터로 Nearest neighbor 방법으로 리샘플링

Extent 및 Snap 설정: default Extent 및 Snap 미설정

http://www.onspatial.com/2010/02/spatial-analysis%EB%B6%84%EC%84%9D%ED%99%98%EA%B2%BD%EC%9D%98-
%EC%A0%95%EC%9D%98%EA%B0%80-%EC%A4%91%EC%9A%94%ED%95%98%EB%8B%A4.html


CA_* Process: Extraction
 Filter Encoding 표준을 이용하여 ArcGIS의 Spatial Analyst
Extension 중 다음 툴을 포함
 Extract by Attributes
 Extracts the cells of a raster based on a logical query.

 Extract by Circle
 Extracts the cells of a raster based on a circle.

 Extract by Points
 Extracts the cells of a raster based on a set of coordinate points.

 Extract by Polygon
 Extracts the cells of a raster based on a polygon.

 Extract by Rectangle
 Extracts the cells of a raster based on a rectangle.

 공간필터를 사용하는 경우 래스터의 범위는 Geometry의 범위
http://resources.arcgis.com/en/help/main/10.1/#/An_overview_of_the_Extraction_tools/009z00000028000000/

 속성필터: Extract by Attributes
 Ex) Value >= 25

<wps:Input>
<ows:Identifier>filter</ows:Identifier>
<wps:Data>
<wps:ComplexData mimeType="text/xml; subtype=filter/1.1">
<ogc:Filter>
<ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThan>
<ogc:PropertyName>Value</ogc:PropertyName>
<ogc:Literal>25</ogc:Literal>
</ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThan>
</ogc:Filter>
</wps:ComplexData>
</wps:Data>
</wps:Input>


 공간필터: Extract by Polygon
 Ex) ST_Interects(the_geom, ST_GeomFromText('POLYGON((100 200, ……., 100 200)), 2096))

<wps:Input>
<ows:Identifier>filter</ows:Identifier>
<wps:Data>
<ogc:Filter>
<ogc:Intersects>
<ogc:PropertyName>the_geom</ogc:PropertyName>
<gml:Polygon srsDimension="2" srsName="http://www.opengis.net/gml/srs/epsg.xml#2096">
<gml:exterior>
<gml:LinearRing>
<gml:posList>254709.22090040386 376440.6152000468
........... 254709.22090040386 376440.6152000468
</gml:posList>
</gml:LinearRing>
</gml:exterior>
</gml:Polygon>
</ogc:Intersects>
</ogc:Filter>
</wps:ComplexData>
</wps:Data>
</wps:Input>


CA_* Process: ConditionalEvaluation
 Ex) NoData를 100, 나머지는 200으로 변환하는 경우 = Con(IsNull([raster1]), 100, 200)

<wps:Input>
<ows:Identifier>inputFilter</ows:Identifier>
<wps:Data>
<ogc:Filter>
<ogc:PropertyIsEqualTo matchCase="true">
<ogc:PropertyName>Value</ogc:PropertyName>
<ogc:Literal>NoData</ogc:Literal>
</ogc:PropertyIsEqualTo>
</ogc:Filter>
</wps:ComplexData>
</wps:Data>
</wps:Input>
<wps:Input>
<ows:Identifier>trueValue</ows:Identifier>
<wps:Data>
</wps:Data>
</wps:Input>
<wps:Input>
<ows:Identifier>falseValue</ows:Identifier>
<wps:Data>
</wps:Data>
</wps:Input>


Statistical
Analysis
Processes

96

SA_* Process
 Statistics(general & spatial) analysis
 Basic, advance, spatial statistics
 Data source = XML/GML(WFS 포함)/ GeoTIFF(WCS 포함)
 Issue
 Classify
 Equal interval, Quantile, Natural breaks, Standard deviation
 Moran’s I, G-statistics
 Ture centroid, Maximum Nearest Neighbor Distance
 SpatialLQ
 Centroid & polygon


SA_* Process: Classify
 Classify
 Equal Interval
 Min, Max
 Quantile
 sorting
 Natural Breaks
 sorting
 Standard Deviation
 Mean, StdDev.


SA_* Process: Equal interval
 Equal interval
 Equal interval divides the range of attribute values into equal-sized
subranges. ex)percentages and temperature
 interval = (max – min) / number of classes

http://resources.arcgis.com/en/help/main/10.1/#/Classifying_numerical_fields_for_graduated_symbology/00s50000001r000000/


SA_* Process: Quantile
 Quantile
 Each class contains an equal number of features.
 quanta = number of samples / number of classes
 같은 값이 있거나 개수가 소수자리일 경우 오차 발생 가능



A Q


A G


SA_* Process: Natural Breaks
 Natural Breaks(Jenks optimization method)
 Class breaks are identified that best group similar values and that maximize
the differences between classes.
 http://support.esri.com/en/knowledgebase/techarticles/detail/11961



A Q


A G


SA_* Process: Standard Deviation
 Standard Deviation
 Class breaks are created with equal value ranges that are a proportion of
the standard deviation—usually at intervals of 1, ½, ⅓, or ¼ standard
deviations using mean values and the standard deviations from the mean.
 소프트웨어마다 분류기준 및 계급 수의 변화 오차


A: Float G: Double


SA_* Process: Moran’s I Global
 Moran(1950)의 I 통계량은 공간자료들의 자기상관성을 측정, 전역적
통계량은 분석지역 내에서 유사한 값들의 전반적인 공간군집경향을
요약


SA_* Process: Moran’s I Local
 국지적 통계량은 특정지역을 중심으로 주변에 유사한 값들의 공간적
군집도를 나타낸다. Anselin Local Moran's I statistic.
 True centroid


SA_* Process: G-Statistics Global
 G 통계량은 큰 값들의 공간 군집도를 나타내며, 값이 클수록 공간군
집도가 큰 것으로 해석한다(Getis and Ord, 1992)
 True centroid


SA_* Process: G-Statistics Local
 국지적 G 통계량
 True centroid


SA_* Process: SpatialLQ
 공간분화지수는 두 공간현상의 분리도를 측정할 때 분석단위들
의 공간적 배열의 특성이 반영되도록 구조화(Wong, 2005)


SA_* Process: SpatialCrossAnalysis
 두 지표의 값들을 x, y 평면좌표에 점으로 나타내어 두 지표간 관계를
보는 것으로 각 지표들 값을 ‘낮음’과 ‘높음’으로 양분


KOPSS
Model
Processes

115

KM_* Process
 KOPSS model
 KOPSS Data와 강결합되어 있거나, WFS 서비스로 처리가 불가능한
대용량의 데이터
 Data source = XML/GML(WFS 포함)/ GeoTIFF(WCS 포함) /Direct
connection
 Issue
 Location-Allocation


KM_* Process: Location-Allocation
 시설의 공급적정성 평가에 의해 해당시설이 부족하다고 판단된 지역을 대상으로 신규 시설
의 최적의 입지를 입지배분방법에 따라 탐색
 Location-Allocation Algorithm
 PMedian: 노드별 총통행거리합 최소화
 MaxiMin: 노드별 최대통행거리 최소화
 MiniMax: 노드별 최소통행거리 최대화


참고: GIS Program
 KOPSS C/S Program – ArcGIS Engine
 ArcGIS 10.0
 MapInfo Professional 11.0
 Quantum GIS (1.7.0)
 GDAL library
 Open source GIS Tool & libraries


참고: API 단위테스트 프로그램
 의견수렴 후 API 설계서/샘플 데이터셋과 함께 공지


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