1. 1st
Intern. Conference on Environment,
Energy and Development (ICEED 2013)
ENERGY SECTOR OVERVIEW
&
RESEARCH INTERVENTION
Marcel GAKUBA
Head - SRDU
07/08/2013

2. 1st
Intern. Conference on Environment,
Energy and Development (ICEED 2013)
Outline
• Introduction
• Biomass-Biogas
• Geothermal
• Hydropower
• Methane
• Peat to Power
• Solar Energy
• Transmission & Distribution
07/08/2013

3. 1st
Intern. Conference on Environment,
Energy and Development (ICEED 2013)
Introduction
• EWSA constitutes (former RECO – Rwanda
Electricity Company & RWASCO – Rwanda Water
& Sanitation Company, and Energy, Water and
Sanitation Projects of MININFRA – Rwanda
Ministry of Infrastructure)
• Created by Law no 45/2010 of 07/12/2010 to
ensure adequate and quality electricity, water
and sanitation services in Rwanda at least cost
through effective planning, investment,
contracting, supply, operations and
maintenance.
07/08/2013

4. 1st
Intern. Conference on Environment,
Energy and Development (ICEED 2013)
Introduction
GoR through EWSA plans to explore and
develop around 610 MW (current we have 110
MW) of power generation by the year 2017.
Source Current/MW Added by 2018
/MW
Total /MW
Hydropower 41.95 71 112.95
Methane gas 4.2 79 83.2
Geothermal - 60 60
Peat - 260 260
Solar 0.25 10 10.25
Import 16.5 40 56.5
Thermal 47.8 -20 27.8
07/08/2013

5. 1st
Intern. Conference on Environment,
Energy and Development (ICEED 2013)
Biomass
• Trainings on Improved
charcoal carbonization
techniques
• Trainings on manufacture
and use of Rural Improved
Cookstoves.
• Trainings on manufacture
and use of Urban Improved
Cookstoves Program
07/08/2013

6. 1st
Intern. Conference on Environment,
Energy and Development (ICEED 2013)
Biogas
Green
•It is renewable
•It does not emit soot (CO2) when cooking and it favours
cleanliness in the kitchen
•Bio-effluent is a good fertiliser
Sustainability
•Biogas plant normally lasts for 20 to 30 years
•We train masons for construction & maintenance of
domestic & institutional biogas- in all Districts
•User training is provided to household owning biogas
•Provision of after sale services for a period of 1 year
07/08/2013

7. 1st
Intern. Conference on Environment,
Energy and Development (ICEED 2013)
Biogas
Domestic Biogas
• One cow approx. gives 20 kg/ day of dung
• Min. size of the Biogas Plant is 4 m3
(2 cows)
• Maximum Domestic Biogas Plant has capacity
of 10 m3
Institutional Biogas
• Design based on the group size of people or
animals
• Minimum size is 10 m3
• The largest is in Ntsinda Prison- 1200 m3
07/08/2013

8. 1st
Intern. Conference on Environment,
Energy and Development (ICEED 2013)
Biogas-Research Intervention
• Bio digesters Construction Cost reduction
• Research on Bio-effluent as good fertiliser
• Updating the existing biogas models in
terms of gas production.
07/08/2013

9. 1st
Intern. Conference on Environment,
Energy and Development (ICEED 2013)
Geothermal
GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT
07/08/2013

10. 1st
Intern. Conference on Environment,
Energy and Development (ICEED 2013)
Geothermal
• The potential for power
generation is estimated to be
about 700 MW
• Surface exploration and
reconnaissance studies have been
carried out in the Western &
Northern regions
• Detailed surface studies were
conducted & drilling of three
exploratory wells started on July
18, 2013 at the Karisimbi
Geothermal prospect
07/08/2013

11. 1st
Intern. Conference on Environment,
Energy and Development (ICEED 2013)
Geothermal-Research
Intervention
Surface Manifestation studies
• Geology
• Geochemistry
• Geophysics
• Hydrology
07/08/2013

12. 1st
Intern. Conference on Environment,
Energy and Development (ICEED 2013)
Hydropower
Existing Hydropower Electricity
• Rwanda presently has about 44.8MW of mini and
small hydropower plants in operation
• It imports 15.5 MW from regional projects Rusizi I
and II
Ongoing on Projects
• 10.9 MW of mini and small hydropower plants are
under construction in advanced stages
• 28 MW Nyabarongo I plant is under construction
(14 MW late this year & 14 MW early 2014)
07/08/2013

13. 1st
Intern. Conference on Environment,
Energy and Development (ICEED 2013)
Hydropower
Regional Potential Projects
• Rusizi III is a 145 MW hydropower project shared by
Burundi, DRC and Rwanda (48 MW Rwanda share),
and is structured as a PPP.
• Rusizi IV is a 287 MW hydropower project (96 MW
Rwanda share) has a pre-feasibility study completed,
and may be developed as a PPP.
• Rusumo Falls, a 80 MW hydropower project, is to be
publicly developed by Tanzania, Burundi and Rwanda
(27 MW Rwanda share), and privately managed.
07/08/2013

14. 1st
Intern. Conference on Environment,
Energy and Development (ICEED 2013)
Hydropower-Research
Intervention
• Water resource management (Hydrological
modelling of river behaviour and sediments
analysis)
• Feasibility studies of pico and micro hydro
• Model for management of off grid micro
hydro power plants
• Scientific guidance on manufacturing of
pico turbines
07/08/2013

15. 1st
Intern. Conference on Environment,
Energy and Development (ICEED 2013)
Methane Gas
Why Extract methane (Lake Kivu)?
• The Methane Gas deposits in L. Kivu are estimated at
50 – 60 Billion m3
• These deposit could produce about 700 MWe of
electricity for about 55 years.
• By removing the methane, the extraction will reduce
the potential risk of gas eruption in the lake.
• Methane could potentially be used for Electricity
Generation, Gas to Liquid (Kerosene, Diesel, Jet fuel),
and Fertilizer (Urea) plants
• Reserves are equally shared between DRC and Rwanda
07/08/2013

16. 1st
Intern. Conference on Environment,
Energy and Development (ICEED 2013)
Methane Gas
Projects
•KivuWatt’s 25 MW Phase I is
to be completed by end 2013
•The 75 MW 2nd Phase will be
developed contingent on
successful operations of Phase
I.
•REC is seeking partners and
financing to revive its plant
and scale it up to 50 MW.
•GoR’s 4.2 MW KP1
07/08/2013

17. 1st
Intern. Conference on Environment,
Energy and Development (ICEED 2013)
Methane Gas
07/08/2013

18. 1st
Intern. Conference on Environment,
Energy and Development (ICEED 2013)
Methane Gas – Research
Intervention
• Mass Extraction of Gas
• Lake Stability due to Gas Extraction
07/08/2013

19. 1st
Intern. Conference on Environment,
Energy and Development (ICEED 2013)
Lake Kivu Monitoring
The monitoring consists of the 3 main tasks:
1.On-plant inspections:
 Inspect the plant for safety and environment
 Monitor the on-plant operation
1.Near-plant monitoring:
 Follow the re-stratification of the re-injected water
1.Lake wide and long-term monitoring:
 Follow the development of the methane resource
 Ensure the maintenance of the physio- geochemical
stratification
 Check the ecological integrity of the lake
07/08/2013

20. 1st
Intern. Conference on Environment,
Energy and Development (ICEED 2013)
Lake Kivu Monitoring
Laboratory & Equipment
Fully equipped Lab.
(analysis of nutrients,
gases in the lake and on
extraction facilities)
2 Weather Stations
installed (Rubavu &
Karongi )
1 research boat
07/08/2013

21. 1st
Intern. Conference on Environment,
Energy and Development (ICEED 2013)
Peat to Power
• A Peat Master Plan indicates an estimated
reserve of 155 million tons of dry peat spread
over about 50,000 hectares
• The estimated potential is equivalent to
1,200MW
• About 77% of peat reserves are in the
southern Province
• For 100MW of power estimates shows that
around 1500 ha is needed depending on
thickness of peat layers and quality of the
materials.
07/08/2013

22. 1st
Intern. Conference on Environment,
Energy and Development (ICEED 2013)
Peat to Power
Peat to Power development status
•GoR is developing a 15 MW peat-to-power in
Bugarama, Rusizi district.
•GoR has negotiated PPA with two Energy
Investors for peat to power development projects
• Hakan (Turkey) to develop & manage a
100 MW PP in Gisagara district,
Southern Province
• Punj Lloyd (India) to develop and
manage a 100 MW Peat Power Plant
(FS Stage)
07/08/2013

23. 1st
Intern. Conference on Environment,
Energy and Development (ICEED 2013)
Peat- Research Intervention
• Characteristics of peat bogs
(moisture content, calorific value,
ash content,…)
• Identification of substituting wood
by peat (especially in the
institutions)
07/08/2013

24. 1st
Intern. Conference on Environment,
Energy and Development (ICEED 2013)
Solar Energy
• Rwanda is characterised by Savannah
climate- solar radiation intensity approx.
equal to 5kWh/m2/day and peak sun hours
of approximately 5 hours per day.
• Existing projects include a 250 kWp grid
connected solar plant (since 2007).
• On July 22,2013, GigaWatt Global signed a
PPA with GoR for development of 8.5 MW
solar power plant in Rwamagana District
07/08/2013

25. 1st
Intern. Conference on Environment,
Energy and Development (ICEED 2013)
Solar Energy
Solar Water Heaters (SolaRwanda) Program
•The SolaRwanda Program is scheduled for a period of
four years (2012-2015).
• The objectives & targets of SolaRwanda Program is to
promote the widespread use of solar water heaters in
residential sector through financial incentives, and other
support measures,
•Subsidy of 186,000 or 279,000RwF for 200 or 300 L
SWH
•Goal = 12,000 SWH by the end of the year 2015 with a
total estimated yearly saving of 23,328 MWh
07/08/2013

26. 1st
Intern. Conference on Environment,
Energy and Development (ICEED 2013)
Solar Energy
PV installations in 300 Schools ( 0.74 kW each)
07/08/2013

27. 1st
Intern. Conference on Environment,
Energy and Development (ICEED 2013)
Power Transmission
Domestic Lines Existing
• 365.2 Km HV lines (110 & 70 kV)
• 2,801,083 Km MV lines ( 30, 15 & 6.6 kV)
• 8,361,363 Km LV
Regional interconnections (Projects)
• 220 kV Karongi – Rubavu – Goma – Mukungwa –
Birembo TL (Rwanda-DRC interconnection)
• 220 kV Mbarara – Birembo TL (Uganda-Rwanda)
• 220 kV Kigoma- Huye – Gitega TL (Rwanda-
Burundi)
07/08/2013

28. 1st
Intern. Conference on Environment,
Energy and Development (ICEED 2013)
Power Transmission
• Loss reduction of distribution network
• Impact of introducing single phase
distribution system on entire network
• Research on national grid frequency
control system
07/08/2013

29. 1st
Intern. Conference on Environment,
Energy and Development (ICEED 2013)
THE END
mgakuba@ewsa.rw
www.ewsa.rw
07/08/2013