Adapting diet to genetic profil

ASPECTS OF A
PERSONALIZED
NUTRITION. ADAPTING
DIET TO GENETIC PROFIL
MariMariee
VrVrâânceanunceanu
Nutritionist,
Biologist,
Ketogenic Diet
&

ASPECTS OF PERSONALIZED
NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET
TO GENETIC PROFIL
Precison
medicine
Genomics and
our health:
what does the
future hold?

TO GENETIC PROFIL
What is Nutrigenetics?
Nutrigenomics studies how individual
differences in genes influence the
body's response to diet and nutrition.

With modern genomic data, severe
gene mutations with less severe
effects are being explored to
determine whether dietary practices
can be more closely personalized to

TO GENETIC PROFIL
Nutrigenetics: the
science of the effect of
genetic variation on
dietary response
Nutrigenomics: the
science of the effect of
nutrients and bioactive
components on gene
expression
Aim is to obtain a better
understanding of
nutrient/gene
interactions depending
on the genotype
Ultimate goal is to
develop personalized

The Human Genome Project(HGP)
The Human Genome Project (HGP)
was one of the great feats of
exploration in history - an inward
voyage of discovery rather than an
outward exploration of the planet
or the cosmos; an international
research effort to sequence and
map all of the genes - together
known as the genome - of
members of our species, Homo
sapiens. Completed in April 2003,
the HGP gave us the ability, for
the first time, to read nature's
complete genetic blueprint for
ASPECTS OF A
PERSONALIZED NUTRITION.
ADAPTING DIET TO GENETIC
PROFIL

Let food be thy medicine andLet food be thy medicine and
medicine be thy food.medicine be thy food.
HippocrateHippocrate
ASPECTS OF A
PROFIL

When people say things like
“Heart disease runs in my
family” and “My parents had
cancer, so I’m afraid I will, too,”
it confirms our suspicions that
DNA is destiny.
The truth, however, is that it
doesn’t have to be: The DNA we
inherited from our parents does
not necessarily determine our
fate. In fact, we can modify the
behavior of our DNA and genes
ASPECTS OF A
PROFIL

Adapting diet toAdapting diet to
genetic profil?genetic profil?
ASPECTS OF A
PROFIL

Milk and LactoseMilk and Lactose
intoleranceintolerance
ASPECTS OF A
PROFIL

LCT gene
SNP
SNPs have been associated
with lactase
expressionC−13910 (C at
position -13910 upstream of
the gene LCT) and G−22018 (G
at position -22018) are related
to lactase nonpersistence
While T−13910 and A−22018

Lactose Intolerance – 4Lactose Intolerance – 4
kindskinds
Primary lactase
deficiency,
Secondary lactase
deficiency
Developmental lactase
deficiency
ASPECTS OF A
PROFIL

LCT
CC
CT
TT
ASPECTS OF A
PROFIL

Genetics of alcohol metabolism
Alcohol metabolism occurs mainly via
hepatic oxidation and is governed by the
catalytic properties of the alcohol-
metabolizing enzymes, alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH), and aldehyde
dehydrogenase (ALDH2).
Genetic polymorphisms in ADH1B and
ALDH2 ,
and ethnic differences in the prevalence of
ASPECTS OF A
PROFIL

Polymorphisms in ADH1B result in variants that
code for isozymes that tend to show a faster
rate of alcohol metabolism, ALDH2*2
polymorphism results in a “deficient” form of
ALDH2 that causes an accumulation of
acetaldehyde and its associated physiological
effects.
ADH and ALDH polymorphisms are also
associated with a protective effect on the
development of alcoholism.
The allele frequencies of ADH1B*2 , ADH1B*3 ,
and ALDH2*2 are significantly lower in
individuals diagnosed with alcohol dependence
ASPECTS OF A
PROFIL

Further evaluation of the factors, both
genetic and environmental, regulating the
rates of alcohol and acetaldehyde
metabolism, will help improve our
understanding of the metabolic basis and
consequences of alcohol’s effects, including
the risk and consequences of alcohol-
related organ damage, developmental
problems, as well as alcohol dependence.
ASPECTS OF A
PROFIL

The efficiency of our saliva
AMY1 provides the information for the
body to make amylase in saliva, which
is used to process carbohydrates.
People with more of this enzyme seem
to gain more nutrition from bread and
vegetables — so much so that those in
the top 10 per cent for the number of
AMY1 "copy number variations" are
eight times more likely to be obese
than those in the bottom.
ASPECTS OF A
PROFIL

The efficiency of our saliva
"People with extra copies of this amylase
gene are able more efficiently to digest
carbohydrates and starch," said Professor
Spector. “ By a small percentage difference,
over time they put on more calories than
those who have less copies — even if given
the same food.”
ASPECTS OF A
PROFIL

Testul GenoMav full nutrition
Obesity
Stress oxidative
Detoxification
Inflammation
Metabolism of vitamins, salt, lipids,
caffeine
Bone health
ASPECTS OF A
PROFIL

ASPECTS OF A
PROFIL

ASPECTS OF A
PROFIL.

BMI - easy to
understand graphic
and suggestions….
«NUTRIGENETIC TESTING »

In Europe, this genetic variation
determines the persistence of
lactase which enables digest
lactose in all stages of life.
LCT gene
Lactose is digested by
the enzyme lactase.
In many regions of the
world its presence
decreases significantly
with age, so digesting
lactose becomes
difficult.
Polymorphism C / C
means that the person
does not possess
genetic variant that
allows durability
lactase therefore will
ASPECTS OF A
PROFIL

Diet prescription Refined
carbohydrate diet = reduction and
glycemic load (GL) <80 g / day.
PPARG gene and ACE gene
PPARG gene encoding is a
transcription factor that
influences the glucose
levels and insulin levels.
Due to the presence or
absence of polymorphism
allele Pro12 Ala influence
gene expression, and
therefore, the amount of
protein produced.
It was shown that
heterozygous individuals
for alleles Ala have
beneficial effects on blood
glucose levels and insulin.
In the case of a genotype
Pro homozygous alleles for
genotype I / I ACE gene it
is recommended reducing
consumption of refined
carbohydrates and sugars,
eating foods with low GI
(whole grains), with the
ASPECTS OF A PERSONALIZED
NUTRITION. ADAPTING DIET TO
GENETIC PROFIL

BMI - easy to
understand
grafic and
suggestions…
.
ASPECTS OF A
PROFIL

APOC3 gene and gene
LPL
Recent studies have
shown an interaction
between these two
genes and nutrition.
Apolipoprotein C3 is a
very low density
lipoprotein a (VLDL) and
consists mainly of
triglycerides. It inhibits
lipoprotein lipase APOC3
(LPL) and slows
catabolism of
triglycerides.
Genotype G / G APOC3
is associated with
elevated levels of TG.
The resulting LPL gene
(CC) contributes to
changing the lipid
profile and is associated
with low levels of HDL
Diet prescription = reducing dietary
saturated fat below 16 grams per
day, eliminating trans fats,
substituting them with a greater
amount of olive oil
GENETIC PROFIL

CYP1A2 * 1F gene =
5
CYP1A2 is the gene
coding for the
cytochrome P450
enzyme involved in
phase I (activation)
the elimination of
toxins - such as
carcinogens of
meat and smoke -
and caffeine
metabolism . The
genotype of the
homozygous alleles
A (AA) coding for
the enzyme activity
rapidly and
therefore would be
activated quickly
prepared meat
potentially toxic
Diet perscription = drastic reduction in the
consumption of grilled meats and smoked
maximum once a week. As for caffeine, this
form of the enzyme metabolizes well.
ASPECTS OF A
PROFIL

GSTM1 Gene
GSTM1 is the gene
coding for the enzyme
glutathione S-
transferase family of
detoxifying isozymes ,
which catalyze the
conjugation different
toxic molecules with
glutathione in order
to make them less
reactive and easily
removed from the
body.
GSTM1 gene
polymorphism type
insertion / deletion, I /
D, causes loss of
enzymatic
functionality.
Diet prescription =
GENETIC PROFIL

SOD2 gene
SOD2 is the gene coding for the
enzyme manganese superoxide
dismutase MnSOD. Located in
the mitochondrial matrix , and
is the first line of defense of
cells against free radicals (ROS)
MnSOD catalyzes dismutases of
superoxide into oxygen and
hydrogen peroxide, thereby
removing free radicals from
source.
Free radicals, although
evolutionary were appointed to
assist in the maintenance of
cellular homeostasis are toxic
molecules able to induce
oxidative damage to biological
macromolecules
indiscriminately, and are
primarily responsible for certain
pathological conditions and
aging. The genetic test
demonstrated heterozygosity for
this enzyme.
GENETIC PROFIL

gene IL6 and TNF gene
IL6 and genaTNF are
gene, coding for pro-
inflammatory cytokines
homonyms and are
involved in the
regulation of immune
response.
Polymorphisms
present in these genes,
IL-6-174G / C and TNF-
308G / A, affect the
amount of cytokines
produced.
Polymorphism in the
gene IL-6, GC, is the
substitution of a G
(guanine) and C
(cytosine), lead to a
tendency of the
increase in the
synthesis of the
cytokines same name ,
guanine, cytosine
GENETIC PROFIL

MTHFR gene
MTHRF is the
gene coding for
the enzyme that
is involved in the
metabolism and
use of folic acid
and vitamins B6
and B12.
This enzyme
plays a central
role in DNA
synthesis and
methylation.
The genotype of
677C / T codes for
an for less
efficient enzyme
associated wit h
increased plasma
levels of
homocysteine.
Diet prescription
GENETIC PROFIL

VDR gene
VDR gene is
coding for the
vitamin D receptor
which affects the
production of
various proteins,
some of which are
involved in the
use of calcium.
The genotype
heterozygous for
the allele C (CT),
has been shown to
influence the
absorption of
calcium and the
bone structure.
Diet prescription=
increasing
amounts of
ASPECTS OF A
PROFIL

ACE gene
ACE gene, which is coding
for the homonymous enzyme
ACE that plays a key role in
cardiovascular
homeostasis.
Gene polymorphism is
present in type insertion /
deletion (allelesI-insertion-
deletion allele D) and which
affects the enzymatic
activity.
Recent studies have
highlighted the link
between genotype I / I, I / D
and sensitivity to salt.
Test further showed that
genotype I / I are
predisposed to hypertension
when salt intake is
excessive.
It is recommended to not
consume more than 5.5
grams of salt per day, which
corresponds to 2.2 grams of
Na, the molecule
responsible for the taste of
GENETIC PROFIL

ADH1C gene
Achohol dehydrogenase 1C
metabolizes to form
acetaldehyde, the toxic
compound responsible for the
negative effects of excessive
consumption.
In turn, acetaldehyde is
metabolized by the enzyme
aldehyde dehydrogenase in
non-toxic compounds.
The gene variant tested
produce changes in amino
acid sequence which
modifies enzyme efficiency.
For example, in the case of
the homozygous genotype A /
A alleles Ile (Ile-Ile), which
his characterized by the
presence of isoleucine in a
specific position of the
sequence amino acid,
enzyme catalytic efficiency
is elevated metabolizing
alcohol more quickly than
Val genotype.
Diet prescription = reduce
GENETIC PROFIL

Personalized RDA
True Nutritional
Prescription

Carb Sensitivity
Saturated Fat
Sensitivity
Exercise Level
GENETIC PROFIL

10 REASONS WHY
GENETIC TESTING IS
IMPORTANT
1. Genetic testing can help determine your
course of treatment
2. Genetic testing can also help determine
screening measures for your family
3. Genetic testing as a part of newborn
screening
4-5. Genetic testing in the prenatal period.

10 REASONS WHY
GENETIC TESTING IS
IMPORTANT
6. Genetic testing can qualify you for
clinical trials
7. Genetic testing can qualify you for
screening and prophylactic surgeries
8. Genetic testing can give you peace of
mind
9. Genetic testing can help scientists
create cures and medicines
10. Genetic testing may save your life

THE CHALLENGES OF AN
EXCITING INDUSTRY — PITFALLS
AND SELF-REGULATION IN
CONSUMER GENETICS

The world of consumer genetics is
an industry that presents daily
challenges. In giving any level of
personal genetic information to the
general public, there exists strict
standards to which one must hold
oneself, and crucially these
standards have to be self-
regulated.
10 REASONS WHY
GENETIC TESTING IS
IMPORTANT

Rebecca Robbins at STAT put together her
incredibly in-depth and commendably
researched piece looking at 5 consumer
genetic testing kits, pitting them against
each other, with the aim of finding out if:
a) there was truth in what these reports
said
b) they would explain why she was good
at certain sports
c) all the companies relayed the same
information pertaining to the genetic
markers
d) the research was sound (this wasn’t
10 REASONS WHY
GENETIC TESTING IS
IMPORTANT

•Is there a proven connection
between the test results and the
condition which the test predicts?
•How strong is this connection: is
it plausible, probable, or reliable?
•How large was the sample
population on which the
association was based?
•Has the evidence for this
CHOOSING THE DNA TEST

“I have all these great genes,
but they're recessive. That's
the problem here.”
Bill Watterson,
The Complete Calvin and Hobbes

Adapting diet to genetic profil

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