Παρουσίαση Θαλάσσιας Πανίδας

1. MARINE FAUNA

2. The sea
A sea is a large body of salt water that is surrounded
in whole or in part by land.
More broadly, the sea is the interconnected system
of Earth's salty , oceanic waters—considered as
one global ocean or as several principal oceanic
divisions.

3. Marine habitats
Marine habitats can be divided vertically into
 pelagic (open water),
demersal (just above the seabed),
and benthic(sea bottom) habitats.

4. The word "pelagic" is derived the from Greek
πέλαγος (pélagos), meaning "open sea".
Pelagic life decreases with increasing depth. It is
affected by light intensity, pressure, temperature,
salinity, the supply of dissolved oxygen and nutrients.
Fish that live in the pelagic zone are called pelagic fish.
Pelagic fish range in size from small coastal forage
fish, such as herrings and sardines, to large apex
predator oceanic fishes, such as the Southern bluefin
tuna and oceanic sharks.

5. The demersal zone
is the part of the sea or ocean comprising
the water column that is near to (and is significantly affected by)
the seabed and the benthos.
The demersal zone is just above the benthic zone and forms a layer
of the larger profundal zone.
Demersal fish live and feed on or near the bottom
of seas (the demersal zone).
They occupy the sea floors , which usually consist of mud, sand,
gravel or rocks. In coastal waters they are found on or near
the continental shelf, and in deep waters they are found on or
near the continental slope or along the continental rise.

6. The benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of
a body of water such as an ocean or a lake, including the sediment
surface and some sub-surface layers.
Organisms living in this zone are called benthos, e.g. the
benthic invertebrate community, including crustaceans
and polychaetes.The organisms generally live in close relationship
with the substrate bottom and many are permanently attached to
the bottom. The superficial layer of the soil lining the given body
of water, the benthic boundary layer, is an integral part of the
benthic zone, as it greatly influences the biological activity which
takes place there. Examples of contact soil layers include sand
bottoms, rocky outcrops, coral, and bay mud.
(The term benthos comes from the Greek noun βένθος "depth of
the sea")

7. Sea zonati0n

8. SEA FAUNA
FISHES
MOLLUSCS
ARTHROPODS
MAMMALS
SPONGES
CNINDARIA
REPTILES

9. ΙΧΘΥΕΣ –FISHES-PESCI-PECES-KALAT
Osteichthyes , also called bony fish, are
a taxonomic group of fish that have bone, as
opposed to cartilaginous, skeletons. The
vast majority of fish are osteichthyes, which
is an extremely diverse and abundant group
consisting of 45 orders, and over 435
families and 28,000 species.
It is the largest class of vertebrates in
existence today.
Osteichthyes are divided into the ray-finned
fish (Actinopterygii) and lobe-finned fish
(Sarcopterygii).
Chondrichthyes from Greek χονδρ - chondr - 'cartilage', χθύς ἰ ichthys 'fish') is
a class that contains the cartilaginous fishes: they are jawed vertebrates with
paired fins, paired nares, scales, a heart with its chambers in series, and
skeletons made of cartilage rather than bone. The class is divided into two
subclasses: Elasmobranchii (sharks, rays, skates, and sawfish)
and Holocephali (chimaeras, sometimes called ghost sharks, which are
sometimes separated into their own class).

10. Fish anatomy includes a two-chambered
heart, operculum, swim,bladder, scales, fins, lips, eyes
and secretory cells that produce mucous.
 Fish breathe by extracting oxygen from water
through their gills. Fins propel and stabilize the fish
in the water.
The anatomy of Lampanyctodes hectoris
(1) – operculum (gill cover), (2) – lateral line, (3) – dorsal fin, (4) – fat fin, (5)
– caudal peduncle, (6) – caudal fin, (7) – anal fin, (8) – photophores, (9) –
pelvic fins (paired), (10) – pectoral fins (paired)

12. MOLLUSCS
A cephalopod is any member of the molluscan class
Cephalopoda (Greek plural κεφαλόποδα, kephalópod
a; "head-feet"). These exclusively marine animals are
characterized by bilatera body symmetry, a prominent
head, and a set of arms or tentacles modified from
the primitive molluscan foot.
The Gastropoda or gastropods, more commonly
known as snails and slugs.
Oysters - Mussels

13. ARTHROPODS
Malacostraca is the largest of the
six classes of crustaceans, containing about
40,000 living species, divided among
16 orders.
 Its members, the malacostracans, display
a great diversity of body forms and
include crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, kri
ll, woodlice, scuds (Amphipoda), mantis
shrimp and many other less familiar
animals. They are abundant in all marine
environments and have colonised
freshwater and terrestrial habitats.

14. MAMMALS
Marine mammals, which
include seals, whales, dolphins, porpoises, manatees, dugongs,
marine otters, walruses, and polar bears form a diverse group of
129 species that rely on the ocean for their existence. They do not
represent a distinct biological grouping, but rather are unified by their
reliance on the aquatic environment for feeding.The level of
dependence on the aquatic environment for existence varies
considerably with species. For example, dolphins and whales are
completely dependent on the marine environment for all stages of
their life, whereas seals feed in the ocean, but breed on land.

15. SPONGES
Sponges are animals of the phylum Porifera (/p r f r /; meaning "pore ɒˈ ɪ ə ə
bearer"). They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and
channels allowing water to circulate through them, consisting of jelly-
like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells. Sponges have
unspecialized cells that can transform into other types and that often migrate
between the main cell layers and the mesohyl in the process. Sponges do not
have nervous, digestive or circulatory systems. Instead, most rely on
maintaining a constant water flow through their bodies to obtain food and
oxygen and to remove wastes.

16. CNIDARIA
Cnidaria is a phylum containing over 10,000 species of animals found
exclusively in aquatic (freshwater and marine) environments: they are
predominantlymarine species. Their distinguishing feature
is cnidocytes, specialized cells that they use mainly for capturing prey.
Their bodies consist of mesoglea, a non-living jelly-like substance,
sandwiched between two layers of epithelium that are mostly one cell
thick. They have two basic body forms: swimming medusae
and sessile polyps.

17. REPTILES sea turtles
Like other amniotes, turtles breathe air and do not
lay eggs underwater, although many species live in or
around water. Turtles are ectotherms—their internal
temperature varies according to the ambient
environment, commonly called cold-blooded.

18. CRETE’S FLORA AND FAUNA

19. Cretan Pelagos
Libyan Pelagos
CRETE
Carpathian
Pelagos
Mirtoo
Pelagos

20. FISHES
ΨΑΡΙΑ

21. ATHERINA BOYERI - ΑΘΕΡΙΝΑ
BOOPS BOOPS - ΓΟΠΑ

22. DIPLODUS SARGUS SARSUS - ΣΑΡΓΟΣ

23. PAGELUS ERYTHRINUS - ΛΥΘΡΙΝΙ
SARDA SARDA – ΠΑΛΑΜΙΔΑ Ή ΛΑΚΕΡΔΑ

24. DISENTRARCHUS LABRAX- ΛΑΒΡΑΚΙ
BELONE BELONE - ΖΑΡΓΑΝΑ

25. SPARUS AURATA - ΤΣΙΠΟΥΡΑ

26. PARGUS BULGARIS - ΦΑΓΚΡΙ

27. PΟLYPRION AMERICANUM - ΒΛΑΧΟΣ

28. SERRANUS SCRIBA - ΠΕΡΚΑ

29. ARNOGLOSSUS IMPERIALIS - ΓΛΩΣΣΑ

30. SERIOLA DUMERILI -
ΜΑΓΙΑΤΙΚΟ

31. GYMNOTHORAX UNICOLOR- ΣΜΕΡΝΑ

32. EPINEPHELUS MARGINATUS - ΡΟΦΟΣ

33. Stingray
Raja clavata - ΚΑΛΚΑΝΟΒΑΤΟΣ
BATOIDEA - ΒΑΤΟΣ
RAJA MIRALETUS - ΜΑΤΟΒΑΤΟΣ

34. GALEORHINUS GALEUS - ΓΑΛΕΟΣ

35. SCORPAENA MADEREUSIS - ΣΚΟΡΠΙΝΑ

36. Lutjanus campechanus - ΚΟΚΚΙΝΟΨΑΡΟ

37. LIZA SALIENS ΓΑΣΤΡΟΣ

38. MUSTELUS ASTERIAS
ΑΣΤΡΟΓΑΛΕΟΣ

39. ENGRAULIS ENGRASICOLUS
ΓΑΥΡΟΣ

40. THUNNUS THYNNUS
ΤΟΝΟΣ

41. UPENEUS ASYMMETRICUS
ΞΥΦΙΑΣ

42. ΓΥΛΟΣ CORIS JULIS

43. TRACHINUS DRACO ΔΡΑΚΑΙΝΑ

44. HIPPOCAMPUS HIPPOCAMPUS
ΙΠΠΟΚΑΜΠΟΣ

45. CARHARHINUS BREVIPINNA
ΣΚΥΛΟΨΑΡΟ

46. ΚΕΦΑΛΟΣ MUGIL CAPHALUS

47. POMATOSCHISTUS CANESTRINII
ΚΟΚΩΒΙΟΣ

48. ΚΟΛΙΟΣ SCOMBER JAPONICUS
ASPIUS ASPIUS ΚΥΝΗΓΟΣ

49. ΛΑΓΟΚΕΦΑΛΟΣ
LAGOCEPHALUS LAGOCEPHALUS

50. OBLADA MELANURA ΜΕΛΑΝΟΥΡΙ

51. ΜΟΥΡΜΟΥΡΑ
LITHOGNATHUS MORMYRUS

52. GADICULUS ARGENTEUS ΜΠΑΚΑΛΙΑΡΟΣ

53. ΜΠΑΡΜΠΟΥΝΙ
MULLUS SURMULETUS

54. SALARIA PAVO ΠΑΠΑΓΑΛΟΣ

55. ΣΠΑΘΑ LEPIDOPUS CAUDATUS

56. DIPLODUS ANNULARIS

57. DENTEX DENTEX ΣΥΝΑΓΡΙΔΑ

58. ΣΦΥΡΙΔΑ EPINEPHELUS AENAUS

59. SERRANUS CABRILLA ΧΑΝΟΣ

60. ΧΕΙΛΟΥ
CICHLASOMA BIMACULATUM

61. ANQUILLA ANQUILLA EEL

62. MOLLUSCS

63. ΣΟΥΠΙΑ - SEPIA

64. ΧΤΑΠΟΔΙ-
OCTOPUS BULGARIS
ELEDONE MOSHATA - ΜΙΣΧΙΟΣ

65. Squid
Loligo vulgaris
Ommastrephes sagittatus - θράψαλο

66. ΑΡΘΡΟΠΟΔΑ
ARTHROPODS

67. Akera bullata
Charonia tritonis
Aplysia punctata

69. Φούσκα - Microcosmus sabatieri CLAM
Sea Slug
Moonshell – Neverita Josephina
Φεγγαροσαλιγκάρι

70. PALINURUS BULGARIS - ΑΣΤΑΚΟΣ
Homarus gammarus –
Αστακοκαραβίδα
(Parapenaeus longirostris –γαρίδα γάμπαρη .
Aristeus antennatus –
γαλαζοκόκκινη γαρίδα

71. SCYLLARIDAE - Λασποκαβούρια ή Κωλοχτύπες
Liocarcinus depurator –
Μεσογειακό καβούρι

72. Sea Urchin
Starfish

73. Brown, orange and grey Sponges
SPONGΕS
ΣΠΟΓΓΟΙ

74. CNINDARIA
ΚΝΙΔΟΖΩΑ

75. Jellyfish Aurelia aurita (moon jellyfish
Pelagia noctiluca

76. Sea Anemone Coral Μyriapora truncata - Gobius buchichii

77. ΘΗΛΑΣΤΙΚΑ
MAMMALS

78. ΦΩΚΙΑ MOΝΑΧΟΥΣ ΜΟΝΑΧΟΥΣ
MONACHUS MONACHUS

79. ΣΤΑΧΤΟΔΕΛΦΙΝΟ
RISSOS DOLPHIN
GRAMPUS GRISEUS

80. ΡΙΝΟΔΕΛΦΙΝΟ
BOTTLENOSE DOLPHIN
TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS

81. ΖΩΝΟΔΕΛΦΙΝΟ
STRIPED DOLPHIN
STENELLA COERULEOALBA

82. ΖΙΦΙΟΣ
CUVIERS BEAKED WHALE
ZIPHIUS CAVIROSTIS

83. ΦΑΛΑΙΝΑ ΦΥΣΗΤΗΡΑΣ
PHYSETER MACROCEPHALUS

84. CARETTA CARETTA
REPTILES

85. Nest and eggs from a Caretta
Caretta Sea Turtle in Sitia.

86. MARINE FLORA

87. Brown and Pink
Seaweed

88. Anthozoans

89. Posidonia Sea Grass collected
by a fisherman in Sitia.

90. POSIDONIA