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1. ME.A Compass 2016
Understand. Expand. Grow Asia.
fully updated
Asia-Pacific in Your Pocket
3rd edition

2. © ME.APage 2
ME.A Compass 2016
Notice
This is an excerpt only from our ME.A Compass
2016.
You can order your personal electronic copy here:
www.me-a.com/compass

3. © ME.APage 3
ME.A Compass 2016
Foreword
Zurich / Kuala Lumpur, January 2016
Dear Reader
Welcome to the third edition of our ME.A Compass. We have updated
more than 2’500 indicators for the 19 countries in Asia-Pac covered with
the latest available data for you.
2015 has been a stormy year for the region. The Renminbi devaluation
followed by the meltdown of the Shanghai stock exchange in August sent
shock waves around the globe. Chinese turmoil exacerbated the
downward pressure on Asian currencies some of which plummeted more
than 20 per cent against the US dollar.
Yet, despite all negative headlines the region remains a global economic
powerhouse. On average the 19 countries are expected to grow 4.9 per
cent 2016-2020 per year compared to 3.8 per cent projected for the world
economy.
With our ME.A Compass 2016 we encourage you to chart this fascinating
and challenging territory. Use this comprehensive compendium, discover
Asia and make it the pocket reference of choice for your commercial
endeavours in the region.
Warm regards
Dr. Christoph Walser
Founding Director
© ME.A

4. © ME.APage 4
ME.A Compass 2016
The bottom line – key insights
© ME.A
Asia’s near-term growth outlook has been marked down slightly but it continues to
outperform other world regions.
Growth in Asia-Pac will be spurred by regional integration (ASEAN Economic Community)
and a burgeoning middle class.
Southeast Asia together with India are the engines of growth creating attractive
opportunities for SMEs to tap into.
Yet, significant downside risks to a certain extent qualify the overall positive outlook.
Increased volatility calls for robust risk management in place.
Asian markets are not homogeneous and each requires a differentiated entry strategy.

5. © ME.APage 5
ME.A Compass 2016
§ ME.A is a market expansion services firm offering client advice and support to small
and medium-sized enterprises on markets and market entries in Asia.
§ We give our customers access to Asian market insights, showing them in-roads into
new geographies and help them grow their business in Asia successfully.
§ With our offices in Switzerland and in Malaysia we speak your language and are
deeply rooted in Asia able to leverage our expertise to your best advantage.
© ME.A

6. © ME.APage 6
ME.A Compass 2016
Country Profiles

7. © ME.APage 7
ME.A Compass 2016
ME.A Compass covers 19 countries across Asia-Pacific
Note: Cut-off date for all data is 01.12.2015. No updates considered after this date.
Australia
Cambodia
China
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Japan
Laos
Macau
Malaysia
Myanmar
New Zealand
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Afghanistan
United Arab Emirates
Australia
Bangladesh
Bahrain
Brunei
Bhutan
China
Coral Sea Is.
Fiji
Micronesia
Guam
Hong Kong
Indonesia
India
Indian Ocean Ter.
Br. Indian Ocean Ter.
Iran
Japan
Baikonur
Siachen Glacier
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Cambodia
Korea
Laos
Sri Lanka
Macau
Maldives
Marshall Is.
Myanmar
Mongolia
N. Mariana Is.
Mauritius
Malaysia
New
Caled
on
ia
Norfolk Island
Nepal
Nauru
New Zealand
Oman
Pakistan
Spratly Is.
Philippines
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Dem. Rep. Korea
Qatar
Scarborough Reef
Singapore
Solomon Is.
Seychelles
Thailand
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Tim
or-L
este
Tuvalu
Taiwan
Uzbekistan
Vietnam
Vanuatu
ⓒ ME.A

8. © ME.APage 8
ME.A Compass 2016
10.4
11.2
12.8
14.1
15.4
16.6
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Cambodia
Population (2015):
15.7mn
Pop. Growth1: 1.7%
Currency: Riel
Currency Code: KHR
Key cities:
§ Phnom Penh (1.2mn)
§ Siem Reap (0.2mn)
§ Battambang (0.1mn)
Languages: Khmer,
French, English
KHM
GDP (USD bn)2
Real GDP CAGR 2009-2014: 7.0%
Real GDP CAGR 2016-2020: 7.2%
Income
§ Per capita GDP (2014): USD 1'067
§ Per capita GDP PPP (2014)3
: ID 3'267
§ Big Mac Index (2015): n.a.
Taxes & interest
§ Indirect tax (2015): 10.0%
§ Corporate tax (2015): 20.0%
§ Personal income tax (2015): 20.0%
§ Interest rate (07.2015): 1.42%
Structure of the economy
(2013, % of GDP)
Expenditure
Househol d consumption 79.0
General gover nment consumption 5.9
Gross capital formation 18.8
Expor t of goods and services 61.2
Import of goods and services 65.5
Roundi ng error 0.5
Output
Agricultur e, hunting, for estry, fishi ng 33.5
Industry 25.6
Services 40.8
Inflation, unemployment & labour productivity
Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
§ Inflation4 (%) 3.1 4.9 2.5 4.7 1.0
§ Unemployment (%) 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 n.a.
§ Labour productivity (2014)5: USD 3'419, AV: USD 26'416 , Max: USD 82'010 SGP,
Min: USD 3'419 KHM6
Currency performance (USD against KHR, base 01.01.2010 = 100)
90
95
100
105
110
01.10 07.10 01.11 07.11 01.12 07.12 01.13 07.13 01.14 07.14 01.15 07.15
USD/KHR (30.11.2015): 3'971.33
Labour force by sector
33%
26%
41%
Agriculture
Industry
Services
Ratings
Economic Freedom (2015)
2012
Minimum
freedom
Maximum
freedom
0 10058
Country risk (2015)7
Maximum
risk
Minimum
risk
0 10041
Corruption Perception Index (2015)
Highly
corrupt
Very
clean
0 10021
B2
Moody's (2015)
Sources: US Census Bureau, citypopulation.de, IMF World Economic Outlook, The Economist, The Conference
Board, KPMG, Central Banks, Heritage Foundation, Economist Intelligence Unit, Transparency International, Moody's,
Trading Economics, World Bank Databank
Notes: 1. CAGR 2009-2015; 2. GDP at current prices and current exchange rates, growth rates refer to annual percentage change of
constant price GDP (source: IMF WEO 10.2015); 3. GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GDP is gross
domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing
power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. 4. Based on Consumer Price Inflation (CPI); 5. GDP per person employed in
2013 USD at 2005 PPP; 6. Average across all 19 countries reported; 7. EIU country risk indicator adapted
fast
Outlook
ⓒ ME.A

9. © ME.APage 9
ME.A Compass 2016
§ Fixed broad band subscriptions10: 0.2%
§ Internet users: 9.0%
§ Mobile telephone subscriptions: 155.1%1.0 0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
0-4
15-19
30-34
45-49
60-64
75-79
>90
Cambodia
Sources: IFC, World Economic Forum, US Census Bureau, Population Reference Bureau, CIA World Factbook, World Bank,
World Bank Global Findex, ITU
Notes: 1. Based on global sample of 189 economies benchmarked; 2. Average rank of all countries covered in this report; 3.
Quintiles based on rankings of countries covered in this report; 4. Number of infants dying out of 1'000 new borns; 5. Life
expectancy at birth in years; 6. Logistics Performance Index (LPI) provides qualitative evaluations of 160 countries globally; 7.
Account at a formal financial institution % age 15+; 8. Credit cards % age 15+; 9. Number of ATMs per 100k adults; 10. Fixed
(wired) broad band subscriptions
Ease of doing business (2016)
Overall ranking
2016: 127
2015: 133
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Institutions
Infrastructure
Macroeconomic
environment
Health and primary
education
Higher education
and training
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market
efficiency
Financial market
development
Technological
readiness
Market size
Business
sophistication
Innovation
KHM Average
Global competitiveness (2015-6)
Overall ranking
Asia-Pac position3
Asia-Pac position3
Socio-demographics
Age pyramid (2015)
Logistics
2014: 83
2012: 101
LPI ranking6
LPI score (2014)
Financial inclusion (2011)
§ Account at a formal financial institution7: 3.7%
§ Credit card8
: 0.1%
§ Automated teller machines (ATMs)9
: 5.1
Communication access
(2014)
Top
quintile
Bottom
quintile
Top
quintile
Bottom
quintile
Millions
ⓒ ME.A
1
Poor
2.7 5
Excellent
Topic Rank1
Average2
1. Starting a business 180 89
2. Dealing with construction permits 181 62
3. Getting electricity 145 55
4. Registering property 121 72
5. Getting credit 15 57
6. Protecting investors 111 67
7. Paying taxes 95 87
8. Trading across borders 98 81
9. Enforcing contracts 174 78
10. Resolving insolvency 82 65
2015-6: 90
2014-5: 95
Social development
§ Urbanization (2015): 21%
§ Infant mortality4
(2015): 50.0
§ Life expectancy5 (2015): 64.1
§ Literacy rate (2014): 74%

10. © ME.APage 10
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Country ComparisonCountry Comparison

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Per Capita Income
Country
GDP per capita
at PPP, 20141
Cambodia 3'276
Myanmar 4'752
Laos 5'006
Vietnam 5'656
India 5'808
Philippines 6'974
Sri Lanka 10'410
Indonesia 10'651
China 13'224
Thailand 15'579
Malaysia 25'145
New Zealand 35'305
South Korea 35'379
Japan 37'519
Taiwan 46'036
Australia 46'550
Hong Kong 55'097
Singapore 83'066
Macau 139'767
Significant disparities across the region with highestearnings in city statesand Australia
1. Gross domestic product at purchasing power parity per capita in International Dollars (ID). Source: IMF WEO
3'276 4'752 5'006 5'656 5'808 6'974
10'410 10'651
13'224
15'579
25'145
35'305 35'379
37'519
46'036 46'550
55'097
83'066
139'767
KHM MMR LAO VNM IND PHL LKA IDN CHN THA MYS NZL KOR JPN TWN AUS HKG SGP MAC
x 4.8
x 9
Average: ID 30'800
Median: ID 15'579
Per capita income (ID)
ⓒ ME.A

12. © ME.APage 12
ME.A Compass 2016
Per Capita Income
Country
GDP per capita
at PPP, 20141
Australia 46'550
Cambodia 3'276
China 13'224
Hong Kong 55'097
India 5'808
Indonesia 10'651
Japan 37'519
Laos 5'006
Macau 139'767
Malaysia 25'145
Myanmar 4'752
New Zealand 35'305
Philippines 6'974
Singapore 83'066
South Korea 35'379
Sri Lanka 10'410
Taiwan 46'036
Thailand 15'579
Vietnam 5'656
Big disparity in per capita income across the region
1. Gross domestic product at purchasing power parity per capita in International Dollars (ID). Source: IMF WEO
≤ 4'000
> 4'000 to 10'000
> 10'000 to 20'000
GDP at PPP per capita (ID):
> 20'000 to 40'000
> 40'000
ⓒ ME.A

13. © ME.APage 13
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Disclaimer
This document has been prepared in good faith on the basis of information available at the date of publication
without any independent verification. ME.A Market Expansion Asia Ltd. (ME.A) does not guarantee or warrant
the accuracy, reliability, completeness or currency of the information in this publication nor its usefulness in
achieving any purpose. Readers are responsible for assessing the relevance and accuracy of the content of this
publication. ME.A will not be liable for any loss, damage, cost or expense incurred or arising by reason of any
person using or relying on information in this publication.

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Imprint
ME.A Market Expansion Asia Ltd. is incorporated under the laws of Switzerland with principal office in Zurich.
The company is registered under CHE-389.270.749 in the Commercial Register of the Canton of Zurich.
Managing Director: Dr. Christoph Walser
ME.A Market Expansion Asia Ltd.
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Switzerland
P +41-41-588 08 88
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Published by ME.A Market Expansion Asia Ltd., Zurich, Switzerland
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January 2016
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