some important information.

1. By Mark Anthony Castillo

2. What is Adjective?
- Adjective is a word that
describes or give a better picture
of a noun.
Ex. Beautiful
nice
lovely
wise

3. ADJECTIVE
In general, adjective and
nouns overlap. The former
change the meanings of the latter,
hence, they are said to be the
enemies of nouns.

4. ADJECTIVE
Absolute adjectives do not have
infections. Because only one degree is
available
Absolute alive American dead
Entire equal essential fatal
Eternal empty complete devoid
correct first full Hawaiian
horizontal perfect proven round
Square straight supreme final
Unanimous parallel unique

5. ADJECTIVE
Arrangement of adjective modifiers
Determiner Intensifier Quality Size or
shape
Color Noun
adjunct
Noun
construct
A
An
The
Two
Somewhat
Exceedingl
y
Rather
very
Strict
Ugly
Bold
pretty
Thin
Fat
Little
tiny
Dark
pink
College
Water
School
orchid
Girl
Buffalo
Boy
flowers

6. ADJECTIVE
Questions Answered by Adjectives
1. How many? ( five, seven, ten, twenty)
2. What kind? (snap election, reserved officer,
private car, hungry chicken)
3. Which one? (that box, your dog, his friend,
my pen)
4. Whose? (Mother’s … My sister’s…,Lourdes’…)

7. ADJECTIVE
Limiting Adjective
Limiting adjective is also called definitive's
1. Articles (a, an, the) the sound of the
beginning of the noun to be modified (not its
spelling) determines when to use a and when to
use an .
a) a unit a) a home
b) an umbrella b) an honest boy
a) a union a) a euphoria
b) an utterance b) an executive

8. ADJECTIVE
Limiting Adjective
2. Numeral Adjectives-
a) Cardinal numeral adjective is used in
counting.(one, two, seven, ten)
b) Ordinal numeral adjective denotes position or
order.(first, second, third, fourth)
c) Multiplicative adjective indicates
multiplicity.(twofold, fivefold, six fold, tenfold)

9. ADJECTIVE
Limiting Adjective
3. demonstrative adjective is the only type of
objective with plural form.
This child that student
These chair those tress

10. ADJECTIVE
Descriptive Adjective
Descriptive adjective is also called qualitative adjectives.
They can be proper or common. Proper adjectives are
capitalized, while common adjectives are not.
a)Proper adjectives
( Philippine flag, Japanese tourist, American citizens,
Spanish house)
b) Common adjectives (lame dog, good boy, big tree,
distant relatives)

11. ADJECTIVE
Attributive Adjective
An attributive adjective can be adherent when it stands
before the governing noun, appositive when it stands
after. An appositive is actually a second noun placed
immediately after the first noun to show its quality.
a) Adherent adjective (a kind woman, blue dress, tall tree)
b) Appositive adjective (a woman, kind to everyone; Mrs.
Luz Mendoza, our kind neighbour )

12. ADJECTIVE
Characteristic ending of Adjectives
The part of speech where a word belongs can be discerned
on the type of suffix attached to the base word.
Suffix Adjective formed
- able
- ible
- al
- ary
- en
- ful
- ic
- amenable, allowable, agreeable
- Invisible, permissible, collectible
- Formal, cordial, conditional
- Primary, secondary, temporary
- Rotten, golden, sunken
- Harmful, helpful, careful
- Academic, artistic, simplistic

13. ADJECTIVE
Conversion Pattern
Most words terminating in ics are singular nouns
convertible to adjectives when s is dropped.
Noun Adjective
Basics
Civics
Electronics
Gymnastics
specifics
Basic
Civic
Electronic
Gymnastic
specific

14. ADJECTIVE
Noun and Adjectives overlap
A descriptive adjective can be used as subject in a sentence,
and function as a noun. By then it needs a plural verb
without plural termination.
a) The honest are what we need in government offices
today.
b) The beautiful have many admirers.
c) The poor do not enjoy many good things in life.

15. ADJECTIVE
Compound Adjectives
Compound adjectives are used for specific descriptions. To
improve description, sometimes two words are
combined to modify a noun. Compound adjectives take
different combinations
a) Adjective-participle (fast-running, slow-moving)
b) Adjective-adjective (dark-brown, blue-green)
c) Adjective-noun (five-man, four-star, nine-man)
d) Noun-adjective (apple-green, chocolate-brown)

16. ADJECTIVE
Adjectives with LY Termination
Goodly heavenly kindly
Lovely manly timely
The LY termination is very common in
manner adverbs. They can also be found
in adjectives.

17. ADJECTIVE
The Use of the Before Names of Places
The definite article the is used before names
of countries Characterized as a unit. Such
words, as republic, state, union, Kingdom, and
empire, make implied cohesiveness. The
definite Article the is likewise used before
specific names of land, buildings, Statues, and
water forms. Street names are exceptions.

18. ADJECTIVE
The Use of the Before Names of Places
a) The republic of the Philippines is headed by a
woman president.
b) The united states is in the western hemisphere .
c) The kingdom of Saudi Arabia is bordering the
Persian Gulf.
d) The soviet union is a powerful country.
e) The Angat River is a source of irrigation water.
f) The largest body of water is the Pacific Ocean.
g) The PNB building Baliuaghas heliport

19. ADJECTIVE
The Use of the adjective Before Names of
Places
a) The republic of the Philippines is headed by a
woman president.
b) The united states is in the western hemisphere .
c) The kingdom of Saudi Arabia is bordering the
Persian Gulf.
d) The soviet union is a powerful country.
e) The Angat River is a source of irrigation water.
f) The largest body of water is the Pacific Ocean.
g) The PNB building Baliuaghas heliport

20. ADJECTIVE
WORDS USED EITHER AS ADJECTIVES OR ADVERBS
As adjective As Adverb
fast worker very fast
deep river sank deep
dress is too long worked long and earnestly
hard problem work hard
high building high into the air
looks well well done
the only man for him only
time is up goes up
-----------------------------------------------
The part of speech into which a word belongs is
determined on how it is used in context.

21. ADJECTIVE
Uses of Adjectives
Demonstratives, indefinites, distributives, possessives,
and interrogatives are sometimes used as modifiers
functioning as adjectives. They are counterparts of
independent pronouns.
a) Demonstrative Adjective (this box, that toy, these
bags, those books)
b) Indefinite Adjectives (any person, all students,
another game, both plans, few boys, many doctors)
c) Distributive Adjectives (each child, either one, every
contestant, neither you nor I)
d)Interrogative Adjectives (whose work, which road,
what means, what time)

22. ADJECTIVE
IRREGULAR COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
Positive Comparative Superlative
bad / evil worse worst
good / well better best
little less / lesser least
lovely more lovely most lovely
noble more noble most noble
many / much more most
top … topmost
up upper upmost /
uppermost
far further furthest
in inner inmost /
innermost
out outer outmost /
outermost

23. ADJECTIVE
IRREGULAR COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
The adjectives noble and lovely have both regular
and irregular comparisons. Comparison can be
positive or negative or in the ascending or in the
descending order.
Positive is base form; more, most, less, and least are
intensifiers. There is nothing wrong when a positive
is combined with a comparative form; it is not
double comparison.

24. ADJECTIVE
Modifiers
Modifiers provide additional information to the subject, verb,
and object; they change the meaning of the word modified.
All forms of adjectives add meaning or limit the nouns or
pronouns; all forms of adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or
another adverb.
Whether a modifier is expanded into a phrase or a clause,
the same principle of modification applies. Other forms of
modifiers are determiners, intensifiers, prepositional phrases,
participial and infinitive phrases, appositives, and dependent
clauses.

25. ADJECTIVE
Adjectives Clauses
An adjective clauses is a subordinate clauses used as
an adjective.
a) An intelligent person usually succeeds. (adjective)
b) A person with intelligence usually succeeds.
(adjectival phrase)
c) A person who has intelligence usually succeeds.
(adjectival clause)
d) A laborer who does his work well is bound to stay
long in the service. (adjectival phrase)
e) Students who used to study hard can be proud of
their grades. (adjectival phrase)

26. ADJECTIVE
Possessive Adjectives and Independent
Possessives
1. Possessive Adjectives -
a) Her friend is studying in UP.
b)Our residence is in a barangay in Bustos,
Bulacan.
c)I saw your sister at a nearby store this
morning.
d)We come to know her proposed plan.
e)She received a gift from her cousin.
2. Independent Possessives -
a) Mine is green.
b)This is yours.
c)Mr. Roberto Angeles sold his.

27. ADJECTIVE
Derivative Adjectives
A derivative adjective is an adjective
derived from other parts of speech.
a) beauty to beautiful d) glory to glorious
b) child to childish e) gold to golden
c) friend to friendless
f) wonder to wonderful

28. ADJECTIVE
Adjectives – Equivalents
Other parts of speech can be adjective or
adjective – equivalent.
a) The party was celebrated last Friday
afternoon. (Friday is used as adjective, being a
modifier in the sentence.)
b) That is Luisa’s store. (Luisa’s is used
as adjective, being a modifier in the sentence.)

29. ADJECTIVE
Etymology
Words have multiplicity of facets, and vagueness
are in many cases due to the elusive nature of
meaning. Every word contains a hidden meaning
aside from the central meaning.
Some compound words readily reflect their
meanings; some show them partly; and some do not
at all show any clue. Common sense therefore is
necessary to get what they mean.

30. ADJECTIVE
Etymology
Black magic black gold black list
Blackmail blackout blue diamond
Black sheep blue alert black market
Blue baby blue jacket black belter
Blue revolution blue Sunday law blue blood
Blue ribbon brownout blueprint
Committee black Saturday black guard
Blue collar jobs blue book blue moon
Blue ladies black jack black-letter day
Black hearted brown rice goldfish
Brown study greening of manila green money
Feeling blue green jokes greener pasture
Greenhorn green revolution green wound
Greenhouse green thumb pink of perfection

31. ADJECTIVE
Possessive Compound Adjective vs.
Descriptive Compound Adjective
Possessive compound adjective uses apostrophe
, while descriptive compound uses a hyphen.
a) Four kilometers’ distance .(possessive)
b)Ten months’ travel abroad. (possessive)
c)Two - year course. (descriptive)
d)Five – year plan. (descriptive)

32. ADJECTIVE
Separate and Joint Ownerships
To express separate ownership, each name is
written with the ‘s; to express joint ownership,
the apostrophe and s (‘s) are added to the
last of two names.
Separate Ownership –
a)Laura’s andLeoncia’s stores.
b)Rosendo’s andTeofilo’s carts.
Joint Ownership –
a)Laura andLeoncia’s store.
b)Rosendo andTeofilo’s cart.

33. ADJECTIVE
Compound Adjectives Modifiers
Different types of adjectives modifiers may be compound.
a) Compound predicate modifier. (The expectators, shouting
and clapping, clearly evoked enjoyment.)
b)Compound predicate adjective. (Wild animals are elusive
but fearful.)
c)Compound prepositional phrase. (Rural residents in the
forest area and along the stream, enjoy the cool breeze.
d)Compound direct adjective. (Along the road, we saw
green and yellow mangoes on sale.)
e)Compound infinitive modifiers. (We come to school to
study and to learn.)

34. ADJECTIVE
Articles
The articles a, an, and the are considered special types of
adjectives, because they also modify nouns. A and an are
indefinite , while the is definite. An article that is used in a
sentence affect s the meaning of that sentence.
a) Our neighbor has a black and white dog. (sing le
animals)
b) I chanced to meet the secretary - treasurer of our club.
(single person)
c) My friend and classmates has his birthday today . (single
person)