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1. 1 UCI ExtensionPaper-Based TOEFL WorkshopSentences with More Than One Clause Structure and Written Expression Skills 6-8 Longman Preparation Course for the TOEFL Test Tutorial prepared by Marla Yoshida

3. Every sentence has at least one clause. Some have more.

6. You can remember these connectors by thinking of the word FANBOYS. (Their first letters spell out this word.)For* We will remember you, for you have helped us greatly. And The sun is shining, and the birds are singing. Nor* He never smiled, nor did he laugh. But I was looking for my book, but I couldn’t find it. Or Did you do your homework, or did you forget? Yet You look familiar, yet I can’t remember your name. So I don’t have any money, so I can’t buy anything. *For sounds rather formal or poetic. In everyday speech, we don’t use it often as a coordinate connector. (Of course, we often us it as a preposition: This is for you.) *Notice the inverted order of subject and verb in a clause that begins withnor.

10. Adverb clauses are also subordinate clauses.* An adverb clause cannot be a sentence by itself. It needs an independent clause to go along with it to be a complete sentence.[I’m going to take a break] [because I’ve been studying hard.] [Because I’ve been studying hard.] *There are also other kinds of subordinate clauses: adjective clauses, noun clauses, etc. Independent clause + Dependent clause = Complete sentence Just a dependent clause = Not a complete sentence

12. Time

14. Contrast

15. Manner

24. Adverb clauses with subordinating conjunctions

25. Clauses joined by conjunctive adverbs