Beyond T 24

Title-24 Building Energy Standards

Energy Code Works, Inc.

Mark Madison
CEPE, CEA, AEE, HERS Rater,
GreenPoint Rater, ResNet Rater, Member CABEC, CHEERS

Beyond Title-24

Why Beyond Title-24?
How do you get beyond Title-24?

www.energycode.com Energy Code Works, Inc.

Beyond Title-24

 Incentives and requirements (carrots & sticks)
 Carrots:
 Utility incentive programs
 PV incentives (NSHP)
 Energy-Star
 LEED
 Sticks
 Cities requiring better than Title-24 compliance
 Energy efficient mortgages
 Self-motivated designers/builders
 Title-24 energy code = just barely legal


Beyond Title-24

 Carrots:
 Utility incentive programs
 PV incentives (NSHP)
 Energy-Star
 LEED


Beyond Title-24

 Sticks
 Cities requiring better than Title-24 compliance
 Energy efficient mortgages


Beyond Title-24

 How do you get beyond Title-24?
 Challenges:
 New 2008 Title-24 Building Energy Standards 15-22% more
restrictive, tougher than current 2005 energy code.
 Many energy credits in 2005 standards are now baseline for 2008
energy code
 New 2008 energy code introduces additional layers of compliance
criteria, forms, paperwork


Beyond Title-24

 How do you get beyond Title-24?
 Opportunities:
 35% better than 2005 Title-24 has been achievable.
 2008 Title-24 energy code contains new credits
 Building industry has reacted to carrots and sticks
 Insulation products
 Radiant Barriers
 Cool Roofs
 HVAC efficiencies
 Window/doors products
 NFRC testing
 Tank less water heaters


Scope of this Class

1 Changes to Envelope Requirements

2 Changes to HVAC Requirements

3 New Residential Lighting Requirements

4 Impact of Time Dependant Valuation (TDV)


Scope of this Class

5 Beyond Title-24: Envelope

6 Beyond Title-24: HVAC

7 Beyond Title-24: HERS Measures

8 SDG&E’s Incentive Programs


2008 Building Energy Standards

Effective date: January 1, 2010

 Some cities and counties will allow you to submit 2008 Title-24
compliance calculations prior to January 1, 2010.
 Benefits of using 2008 Standards now (tract projects)
 Current projects that might slip past January1 date should be
analyzed using 2008 Standards to avoid surprises later.



Effective date: January 1, 2010


 Future of Title-24


Compliance Paths

Two compliance paths available

Prescriptive Performance

www.energycode.com www.energycode.com

Compliance Paths

Two compliance paths available

Mandatory
Measures

Path Path


Compliance Paths

Advantages/Disadvantages

Mandatory
Measures

Path Path


Building Envelope

Walls, floors, ceiling assemblies

Windows, glass doors, skylights

When required, testing and
certification, & labeling
requirements, where required.


Building Envelope

Current 2005 Prescriptive
Requirements


Building Envelope

New 2008 Prescriptive
Requirements


Building Envelope

New 2008 Prescriptive
Requirements

Bottom Line:
Prescriptive insulation levels remain essentially
unchanged from 2005 standards

Big change…..Fenestration requirements


Building Envelope


Two allowable methods for determining window & door
performance:
NFRC procedures/labels or…

Use default tables (116-a & 116-b)


Building Envelope



Building Envelope


Default tables 116-a & 116-b


Building Envelope


2008 Package D


Building Envelope


Package D vs. Default tables (U-factor)


Building Envelope


Package D vs. Default tables (SHGC)


Building Envelope


Package D vs. NFRC labels


Building Envelope


Bottom Line:

Prescriptive U-factor requirements
almost 30% more stringent than
2005 code

2008 Standards will force you to
use NFRC Labels

Significant penalty for using default
tables


Building Envelope

When required, where required,
testing, certification & labeling

In 2008 code required
prescriptively in all climate zones
New, addition & alterations


Building Envelope


Energy Star Cool Roof does not
qualify in California

Must be certified & labeled by the
Cool Roof Rating Council


Building Envelope


Exemptions to cool roof requirement:
Roof areas covered by building integrated photovoltaic panels and
solar hot water panels and roofs with existing roof ballasts w/weight
of 25 lb/ft2 are exempted from cool roof requirement.


HVAC

Minimum AFUE, SEER, EER

SEER vs EER

Prescriptive requirement
No prescriptive alternatives
HVAC change-outs

Refrigerant Charge Measurement
Cooling Coil Airflow
Fat Watt Draw


HVAC
Appliance Efficiency Regulations
set HVAC efficiency minimums in
Prescriptive Packages


HVAC
Prescriptive Packages refer to
minimums


HVAC


SEER vs EER


HVAC


SEER vs EER

Questions:

What is the difference between
EER and SEER?

Why does it matter?


HVAC


SEER vs EER

EER is measured at 80 degrees
indoor air running continuously

SEER is measured by using the
EER and factoring in the same unit
running under a lighter load (80
degrees indoor, 82 degrees
outdoor and cycling on and off


HVAC


SEER vs EER

Why this matters:

Possible for two units with the same
SEER to have different EERs

For two units with a given SEER the
one with the higher EER will be more
efficient

EER’s higher than 10 require HERS
verification

Take time to verify SEER and EER


HVAC


SEER vs EER

Why this matters:

EER higher than 10 will trigger a
HERS credit in the Title-24 compliance
calculations

Will also appear on the CF-1R as a
HERS measure required verification
and a CF-4R


HVAC


SEER vs EER

Bottom Line:
Minimum efficiency levels remain
essentially unchanged from 2005
standards. EER more important

Big change…..Duct testing,
Refrigerant Charge Measurement,
Cooling coil airflow & Fan Watt Draw


HVAC

HVAC change-outs


HVAC

HVAC change-outs

TXV verification or higher EER
alternatives no longer options to
avoid duct sealing & testing

Performance approach is an
option to tradeoff against duct
sealing & testing


HVAC

HVAC change-outs

HVAC change-outs

Ducts must be sealed and tested
under any of the following
circumstances:


HVAC

HVAC change-outs

HVAC change-outs

1. Air handler installed or replaced
2. Outdoor condensing unit installed or replaced
3. Cooling or heating coil installed or replaced
4. Furnace heat exchanger installed or replaced
5. When existing duct systems are altered in
climate zones 2, 9, 10, 11, 12-16


HVAC

Fan Watt Draw

Prescriptive Package Requirements

Refrigerant charge Measurement
Climate zones 2 and 8-15 (split systems only)

Cooling Coil Airflow (greater than 350 cfm per ton)
Climate zones 10-15

Fan Watt Draw (less than 0.58 watt per cfm)
Climate zones 10-15


HVAC

Fan Watt Draw


HVAC

Fan Watt Draw

Two permanently installed
temperature sensors, one
mounted on evap coil and one
mounted on condenser coil.

Must be type K with plug leading
to outside of equipment accessible
to HERS raters without any
disassembly


HVAC

Fan Watt Draw

Bottom line
These HERS measures are baseline in Package D so they will be widespread

Because they are required in Package D they are not available as a credit to help
you go beyond Title-24

HVAC contractors will need to become familiar with testing procedure for all three
HERS measures.

CF-6R HVAC forms will need to be filled out prior to HERS verification tests

Will need system in place for providing sensors, temperature and pressure access
holes w/labels for HERS raters


TDV


New for 2008 Residential Standards
Previous versions of Title-24 did not account for time-of-use patterns
TDV accounts for variations in cost related to time of day, seasons, geography, fuel type
2008 Standards now places a higher value on energy savings during high cost times
Encourages designs that will reduce peak loads thru-out California.


TDV


Example:
Single family residence
1800 sq. ft.
Package D parameters


TDV


Example:
SFR residence
1800 sq. ft.
Package D


TDV


Example:
SFR residence
1800 sq. ft.
Package D

1ST Perf Run
Front facing N


TDV


Example:
SFR residence
1800 sq. ft.
Package D

2nd Perf Run
Multiple
Orientations


TDV


Strategies for TDV

Orientation is important is building design

Take advantage of all overhangs and side fins in building design

Model each window and door separately in compliance run

Utilize exterior shading devices

No credit for interior shading devices

break


TDV


Bottom Line for 2008

Building designs that generate high heating/cooling loads during peak
energy cost periods will be severely penalized

Electric multipliers for 2008 up to 50 verses 20 in 2005 standards

Gas multipliers for 2008 up to 1.5 vs. 1.0 in 2005 standards

Upside: Energy saving features, strategies that reduce peak loads
are rewarded greatly, can help you go “better than” Title-24

break


Title-24 Building Energy Standards


Break

Building Envelope

2008 Upgrade Options

Opaque Options for credit:
Superbatt insulation
Radiant Barrier
House wrap


Building Envelope


Superbatt insulation
R-15: 3 ½” thickness 2x4 framing
R-21: 5 ½” thickness 2x6 framing


Building Envelope


Radiant Barrier benefits:
Reduces attic temperature/thermal
load on attic insulation
Reduces thermal load on ducts


Building Envelope


House Wrap:
Reduces building envelope air leakage

Must be applied continuously
All tears/breaks repaired
Horizontal seams lapped
Vertical seams lapped
Windows/penetrations taped or caulked
Taped or sealed at slab junction


Building Envelope



Building Envelope


Default tables 116-a & 116-b


Building Envelope


Package D vs. NFRC labels


Building Envelope


Glazing Strategies for Beyond Title-24:

Do not use default tables if possible

Relatively easy to hit 0.40 UF/SHGC target

Energy Star target of 0.30 UF/SHGC is
driving window manufactures product more
than California’s Title-24’s 0.40/0.40


Building Envelope

5 Beyond Title-24: Envelope Results

Package D
Results:
6


Building Envelope


Envelope Improvements
Results:
6
Superbatt: R-15 wall insulation R-38 ceiling insulation

Radiant Barrier

House wrap

Milgard Low-E windows: 0.30 U-factor 0.30 SHGC (Energystar)


Building Envelope


Envelope
Improvements
Results:

Superbatt 6
Radiant Barrier
Housewrap
Milgard Low-E
Windows


HVAC Upgrades Beyond Title-24


SEER vs EER

HVAC change-outs

Fat Watt Draw


HVAC Beyond Title-24
Prescriptive Packages refer to
minimums


set HVAC efficiency minimums in
Prescriptive Packages



HVAC Strategies

HVAC Strategies for Beyond Title-24:

Higher AFUE (90%+)

Higher SEER and higher EER

HVAC zoning

Ducts within conditioned space



HVAC Strategies

HVAC Zoning

Living & Sleeping Zones


HVAC

HVAC Strategies

Duct Location

Within Conditioned Space

Buried ducts

Both require extensive
documentation



No credit potential



Fan Watt Draw

Prescriptive Package D Requirements

Refrigerant charge Measurement
Climate zones 2 and 8-15 (split systems only)

Cooling Coil Airflow (greater than 350 cfm per ton)
Climate zones 10-15

Fan Watt Draw (less than 0.58 watt per cfm)
Climate zones 10-15




5
HVAC Improvements Results:

90% AFUE

14 SEER 11.00 EER

HVAC Zoning




5
HVAC Improvements
Results:


Building Envelope


Envelope Improvements
Results:
6
Superbatt: R-15 wall insulation R-38 ceiling insulation

Radiant Barrier

Housewrap

Milgard Low-E windows: 0.30 U-factor 0.30 SHGC (Energystar)




5
HVAC Improvements Results:

90% AFUE

14 SEER 11.00 EER

HVAC Zoning

Total: 25% better than Title-24


HERS Measures

Duct Sealing •Sealed and HERS verified less than 6% supply fan flow
•Change-outs: 15% or less of fan flow Package D, no credit

Supply
Duct • Conditioned space, buried ducts Credit, lots of documentation
Location

Supply Duct
• Reduced surface area Credit, lots of documentation
Credits

• NEW CEC certified AHU w/less than 2% leakage.
Low Leakage Duct sealing & testing also required.
AHU

•CHANGED Refrigerant charge verified using one of three methods
Refrigerant
Invasive, non-invasive & CID. No TXV to trade against Package D,
Charge
No credit


HERS Measures

CID • NEW Charge Indicator Device Credit, not yet available

• NEW Requires air handling units maintain supply airflow greater
CCA than 350 cfm per nominal ton of cooling capacity across the coil
Package D, no credit

Fan Watt
• NEW Requires fan watt draw less than 0.58 watts per cfm
Draw
•Package D, no credit

• HVAC condenser & coil correctly matched to achieve
High EER high EER (above 10) Credit

•Credit for A/C equipment having cooling capacity that meets
Cooling
calculated maximum cooling load. Credit, load calcs req.
Capacity


HERS Measures

Evap Cooled • NEW Improves EER, water use limits & duct sealing, air flow, and
Condensers refrigerant charge verification required. Credit

Ice
Storage • NEW Shifts peak energy use to off-peak hours (Ice Bear)
A/C Additional HERS measures required Credit

Envelope
• Sealing, caulking, gaskets. Verified by HERS blower door test.
Sealing
•Credit

• Framing stage field verification then insulation stage verification.
QII • New QII verification for Spray Polyurethane Foam
•Credit

• Not a Title-24 credit, New Solar Home Program requirement
Photovoltaic
• HERS PV verifications required.


HERS Measures
HERS Measures most
commonly specified for 2008:

Duct Sealing

Refrigerant
Charge

Cooling Coil
Airflow

Fan Watt
Draw

Photovoltaic
QII


Scope of this Class


HERS credits assumed in run:

Duct sealing & testing (Package D)
Verified fan flow (package D
Refrigerant charge verification (Package D)
EER verification (credit)
HVAC zoning: (credit)
QII (credit)


Scope of this Class


HERS credits
results:


Scope of this Class


HERS credits left remaining:

Blower door test
Ice storage system
Ducts in conditioned space
Measured duct surface area
Water cooled condensor

These credits can be used for plans with
more glass area than baseline (20% CFA)

Also:
Radiant heating
Tankless water heater


Building Envelope


Envelope
Improvements
Results:

Superbatt 6
Radiant Barrier
Housewrap
Milgard Low-E
Windows

Adding a tankless
water heater would
have easily pushed
results to
15% better than
for LEED


Beyond Title-24


Resistance to HERS measures:

HVAC contractors (duct testing):
Extra expense
“our ducts don’t leak”

Insulation contractors:
Extra expense
Unnecessary, “our installations pass
inspection”


Beyond Title-24



HVAC contractors (duct testing):
“Our ducts don’t leak”
Extra expense

Most new ducts leak over 25%
Common problems:
Poor duct design
Connections not to code
Leaky fan coil units
Ducts not properly supported


Beyond Title-24



Duct testing

Air Conditioning Contractors of America
Quality Installation Specification

HVAC industry guide that “establishes
minimum criteria for the proper installation,
maintenance and servicing of HVAC
systems”


Beyond Title-24


Duct testing

Air Conditioning Contractors of America
Quality Installation Specification

Uses identical criteria for allowable duct
leakage as Title-24’s HERS duct sealing &
testing procedures.


Beyond Title-24


Insulation contractors:
Extra expense
Unnecessary, “our installations
pass inspection”

Why is it more expensive to do it
right?

What guidelines are insulation
contractors using normally?


Beyond Title-24

North American Insulation
Manufacturers of America

Guidelines for installation of
insulation and hiring of insulation
contractors


Beyond Title-24

North American Insulation
Manufacturers of America

Guidelines virtually identical with
HERS QII compliance checklist

If contractors follows this checklist
they likely will pass HERS QII
verification inspection


Beyond Title-24

Bottom line
HERS measures represent one of the most cost-
effective energy savings strategies in the energy
code.

Energy savings & quality control

HVAC contractors and Insulation contractors will
Need to become familiar with HERS criteria for
compliance.

HERS requirements are virtually identical to their
own industry installation guidelines


Compliance Forms
CF-6R bottom line:

CF-6R forms a major part of Title-24 compliance
now. The real “teeth” in the new code.

Installation Contractors need to be familiar with CF-6R forms

CF-6R Installation Also will need to review CF-1R during bid process
Certificate to determine if any HERS measures will affect their
CF-4R Field work
Verification/HERS
Will require coordination between Designer,
Title-24 consultant and HERS raters

CF-6R forms filled out by hand will be unwieldy
because of requirements to file electronically

Will need a system to provide documentation
package to homeowner:

CF-1R,CF-6R, CF-4R, Operation & maintenance
information for all features and devices.

Compliance Forms
Certificate of Compliance (CF-1R)
Submitted to plancheck and
Prepared by Title-24 consultant or
approved copy provided to General
designer
Contractor
Installation

CF-6R Installation
Certificate
CF-4R Field
Verification/HERS


Compliance Forms
designer
Contractor
Installation

CF-6R Installation
Certificate
CF-4R Field Certificate of Installation (CF-6R)
Verification/HERS
Filled out by contractor and sub- Provided to inspector & HERS Rater
contractors & later to the homeowner


Compliance Forms
designer
Contractor
Installation

CF-6R Installation
Certificate
CF-4R Field Certificate of Installation (CF-6R)
Verification/HERS
Filled out by contractor and sub- Provided to inspector & HERS Rater
contractors & later to the homeowner

Certificate of Verification and Diagnostic (CF-4R)

Completed by HERS Rater Registered with CHEERS or Calcerts
and copy provided to contractor


Compliance Forms
Registration

New concept and new requirement

Introduced in stages thru 2010
Registration
January 1, 2010 required for low-rise residential
CF-6R Installation buildings, multiple orientations , & HERS measures
Certificate
CF-4R Field Starting October 1, 2010 registration required for ALL
Verification/HERS low-rise residential buildings with HERS measures
Registration
CF-1R, CF-6R, CF-4R required to be submitted
electronically to HERS provider (CHEERS or CalCerts)

Registry available to authorized users of HERS data
registry

Includes energy consultants, builders, owners,
contractors, installers, HERS raters, building
departments, C.E.C.


Compliance Forms
Registration
Implications:

If registration required building department will require
Registration registered copies of CF-1R , CF-6R, and CF-4R that
display their unique registration number
CF-6R Installation
Certificate Contractors may not be set up to submit their CF-6R forms
CF-4R Field electronically for registration
Verification/HERS
Registration Can use services of HERS raters to facilitate transmittal of
CF-6R to registry. However contractor is responsible for
content of CF-6R and must sign. HERS rater cannot
certify information on a CF-6R form.

The days of filling out CF-6R on the hood of contractors
work truck are basically over

Good communication and record keeping critical
Use time left to put into place filing system/record keeping
system


Preparation for 1/1/2009

1 Energy Consultants

Download Standards, Manual, Appendixes
http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/2008standards/index.html

Attend training seminars for approved software

Develop record keeping procedure for registration requirement



2 Architects/Designers

Set up drawing files to accept all forms required on plans

Set up note blocks for ASHRAE 62.2 requirements

Window selection cannot be put off until building under
construction. Using default U-factors/SHGC for plan-check
submittals will make it difficult if not impossible to comply.

Bring Title-24 consultant on board early in design stage



3 HVAC Contractors

Be prepared to perform rough-in duct testing (4% leakage)
HERS rater can do this for you

Provide training to your installers for proper duct sealing, airflow, refrigerant
charge to minimize HERS verification failures

Prepare proper load calcs for every job and have documentation ready.

Will need system for providing access holes and labeling to avoid holdups in HERS
verifications

Be prepared to fill out electronically CF-6R for HVAC new and change-outs

Develop system to record and track CF-6R forms that will be needed later in HERS
process or incentive process

Develop good relationship with local HERS rater(s)
HERS rater cannot be part of your company in any way shape or form, cannot self-
verify. HERS raters are audited annually.


4 Building Officials

Download Standards, Manual, Appendixes
http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/2008standards/index.html

Building departments will need to set up access to HERS provider data registry.

Understand which documents required at plan-check and which are required at inspection
(CF-1R, CF-6R, kitchen lighting, CF-4R)

Forms are much more data intensive. Get familiar with new layout of forms and all the data that is
now required.

HERS measures now baseline. Submittals that comply without them should be reviewed closely.

Inspectors will need to be familiar with all of the CF-6R forms.
If registration required must be registered CF-6R forms, not filled out by hand.

Training on ASHRAE 62.2 highly recommended. Become familiar with ventilation calculation
methods fan/control features that satisfy this requirement. Important for on-site building
inspector, not at plancheck.



Mark Madison
CEPE, CEA, AEE, HERS Rater,
GreenPoint Rater, ResNet Rater, Member CABEC, CHEERS

Beyond T 24

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