2. i) Biodegradable wastes :- are wastes which are
decomposed into harmless substances by
microorganisms.
Eg :-
vegetables, fruits, pulses, cereals, cotton, jute, wool,
wood, leather, paper, animal dung, animal bones etc.
ii) Non biodegradable wastes :- are wastes which are
not
decomposed by microorganisms.
Eg :- polythene bags, plastics, synthetic
fibres, glass,
metals, synthetic rubber, insecticides, pesticides etc.
3. Ecosystem :- An ecosystem consists of all the living organisms in an
area along with the non living components and their interaction.
There are different types of ecosystems. They are :-
i) Natural ecosystems :- like forests, deserts, grass lands, mountains,
ponds, lakes, rivers, oceans etc.
ii) Artificial ecosystems :- like gardens, parks, crop fields, aquarium, zoo
etc.
Components of an ecosystem :-
An ecosystem consists of two main components. They are biotic and
abiotic
components.
i) Biotic components :- are the living components like plants, animals
and
microorganisms. They consist of producers, consumers and decomposers.
Producers :- are green plants which produce food by photosynthesis.
Consumers :- are herbivores which get their food directly from plants,
carnivores which get their food indirectly from plants and omnivores
which
get their food directly or indirectly from plants.
Decomposers :- are microorganisms which decompose dead plants and
animals. They decompose complex organic substances into simple
inorganic
substances in the soil which are again used by plants.
ii) Abiotic components :- are the non living components like
air, water, soil,
minerals, sunlight , temperature, wind etc.
4. FOOD CHAIN:-
A food chain is the flow of food energy from one organism to the
next and to the next and so on. They usually start with a producer
(plants) and end with a carnivore. In a food chain an organism gets
food from one group of organisms.
5. FOOD WEB:-
Food web is a group of several interconnected food chains.
In a food web an organism gets food from more than one
group of organisms.
6. Human activities affect the environment :-
Depletion of ozone layer in the atmosphere
Managing garbage we produce
Seawage treatment
7.
8. Land fills Recycling
Production of biogas and manure Preparation of compost
10. Natural resources:-
Natural resources are the resources available in a nature like
air, water, sunlight, soil, minerals, forests, wild life etc.
Natural resources are of two main types. They are renewable and non
renewable natural resources.
i) Renewable natural resources :-
Are the resources which can be replenished in a short period of time
like air, water, sunlight, forests etc.
ii) Non renewable natural resources :-
Are the resources which cannot be replenished in a short period of
time like minerals (coal, petroleum, natural gas, metals etc.) because
they take millions of years to be formed.
Human activities produce a lot of waste materials which are thrown
away into the environment. These wastes cause pollution of natural
resources like air, water and soil.
13. WE ARE GOING TO KNOW ABOUT:
NEED FOR MANAGEMENTING NATURAL
RESOURCES
IMPORTANCE OF FORESTS
CONSERVATION OF FORESTS
USES OF WATER
ADVATAGES &DISADVANTAGES OF DAMS
IMPORTANCE OF WILDLIFE
CONSERVATION OF WILDLIFE
COAL AND PETROLEUM
ACID RAIN FORMATION