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Infectious Disease Transmission in Tropical Environments Mary Dain ESPM 194 Spring 2007
Worldwide Infectious Disease World Health Organization at http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat2006highlights/en/index4.html
What is an infectious disease? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bacteria ,[object Object],[object Object],Illinois Department of Health: http://www.idph.state.il.us/public/hb/hbsam.htm
Viruses ,[object Object],[object Object],Scientific American, 1995. At: http://www.wellesley.edu/Chemistry/Chem101/hiv/HIV-1.html
Protozoa ,[object Object],[object Object],Helveticum Instituticum Tropologicum, at: http://www.infektionsbiologie.ch/parasitologie/index.html
Helminth ,[object Object],[object Object],CDC Public Health Image Library http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/quicksearch.asp
Communicable Diseases in the Environment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Transmission ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Water-borne Diseases
Cholera ,[object Object],[object Object]
Cholera’s habits ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Photo curteosy of Sudan Watch blog: http://sudanwatch.blogspot.com/2006/02/drilling-for-sudans-drinking-water-is.html
What it does: ,[object Object],[object Object],Dr. Wim Hol, U Washington at: http://depts.washington.edu/biowww/faculty/hol.html
This results in:  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Human Defenses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Future of Cholera ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Schistosomiasis ,[object Object],[object Object]
Transmission ,[object Object],[object Object],Shistosomiasis Forum, Human Diseases and Conditions, at: http://www.humanillnesses.com/Infectious-Diseases-My-Si/Schistosomiasis.html
CDC: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Schistosomiasis_Life_Cycle.jpeg
Effects ,[object Object],[object Object],http://www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu/~sabedon/black11_files/image023.jpg
Blood in Urine www1.imperial.ac.uk/.../schisto_children.jpg
Infection Process ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Remediation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.photographersdirect.com/stockimages/y/yangze.asp?ms=y
Dam-Building ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.schillerinstitute.org/economy/phys_econ/phys_econ_3_gorges.html
Future of Schistosomiasis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Guinea Worm ,[object Object],[object Object]
Guinea Worm Lifecycle
Problem: Communal Water Source ,[object Object],[object Object]
Eradication is on the Horizon ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.medgaget.com , with permission published by wikipedia.org
Respiratory Infections
The Big Respiratory Threat of 2007:  Tuberculosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What it Does: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tuberculosis at large ,[object Object],http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/rxforsurvival/series/diseases/tuberculosis.html ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
 
MDR-TB ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DOTS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Future of Tuberculosis ,[object Object]
Malaria ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Effects ,[object Object],[object Object],www.worldpress.org/Africa/2293.cfm
Four types, Two hosts ,[object Object],[object Object]
Encarta pictures at: http://encarta.msn.com/media_461541582/Life_Cycle_of_the_Malaria_Parasite.html
Treatment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Time Magazine image: http://img.timeinc.net/time/asia/magazine/2001/1203/refugee_camp.jpg
Human behavior Affects Transmission ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Malaria Remediation Efforts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DDT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
One More Factor in Infectious Disease Prevalence ,[object Object],[object Object]
Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object]
Source Material ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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