2. General Principle
of Administration and Supervision
a. School administration and
supervision must be democratic
 Means we have to recognize individual
differences, respect one’s personality and
extend consideration to all.
 It aimed to give the fullest measure of
freedom to the individual to develop his
maximum capacities, so long as the development
does not interfere or create conflicts with the
welfare rights of others.
 There is a cooperative interaction so that the
best minds among members will emerge.

3. Difference between autocratic and
democratic administration and
supervision
AUTOCRATIC
 Thinks he can sit by himself
and see all angels of a
problem.
 Does not know how to use
the experience of others.
 Cannot bear to let any of
the strings of management
slip from his fingers.
 Is so tied to routine details
that he seldom tackles his
larger job.
 Is jealous of ideas; reacts in
one of several ways when
someone else makes a
proposal.
 Makes decision that should
have been made by the
group.
DEMOCRATIC
 Realizes the potential
power in thirty or fifty
brains.
 Knows how to utilize that
power.
 Knows how to delegate
duties.
 Frees himself from
routine details in order to
turn his energy to
creative leadership.
 Is quick to recognize and
praise an idea that comes
from someone else.
 Refers to the group all
matters that concern the
group.

4. b. School administration and
supervision must be co –
operative.
This implies group action. There is
strength in cooperation and progress
results from combined efforts of all.
(administrator, supervisor, teachers,
parents, and pupils)

5. c. School administration
and supervision, to be
effective, must be
scientific.
research oriented activity
to discover solution to
problem

6. d. School administration and
supervision must be based
an accepted educational
philosophy.
 a philosophy is a background of
theory, knowledge and beliefs
which explains and justified a
selected way of life.

7. e. School administration
and supervision must be
creative.
means initiating, devising,
inventing or producing
something new

8. f. Administration and
supervision must be
evaluated in the light of their
results.
 it has been pointed out that only
by knowing as accurate as
possible the results of
instruction can the process of
education be improved.

9. g. Responsibility and control in
matters of school
administration and supervision
must be parallel throughout the
system.
 this principle of parallelism of
duties is the particular sphere to
which the school administrator or
supervisor is assigned and for
which he is responsible.

10. h. School administration must
be distinguished from
supervision
 as we know that these two are
not synonymous in meanings.
Misconceptions regarding this,
causes more misunderstanding
and possibly more neglect of
duties.There must be a clear and
complete specifications of
functions.

11. i. School administration and
supervision must be
preventive and constructive
 that is helping teachers to
avoid committing mistakes,
anticipating difficulties, building
self confidence, by discovering
their own weaknesses.

12. j. School administration and
supervision must be centered
on child growth and
development.
 in terms of growth
mentally, physically, morally,
emotionally and socially

13. k. School administration and
supervision must be flexible.
 in terms of school building,
curriculum, teaching objectives
and procedures, instructional
material and devices, school
requirements and standard
norms.

14. Thank you
and
GOD BLESS US ALL