8. • 1389 – The Battle of Kosovo.
• 1453 – Conquest of
Constantinople.
• 1463 – Domination in Bosnia.
• 1683 – At the Gates of Vienna.
9.
10.
11. • Reordered much of Europe
along ideas of state
sovereignty.
• International political
boundaries made clear.
• Religion of choice defined by
state.
• Represents the first
diplomatic congress.
16. The Birth of Identity
Consciousness
• Napoleonic expansion.
• ‘Others’ in our midst.
• Saint-Simone & the Young
Europeans.
• National unifications.
• Colonial expansions.