1. Good Morning!
EQ: What are the causes and results of the Russian
Revolution?
HW: No HW
SPONGE:
What might cause people to revolt (rise
up against) their governments?

2. REVOLUTIONS IN RUSSIA
Chapter 1
The Fall & Rise

3. • Russia had a tradition of oppressive rulers
• Organized violence against Jews
• Strict censorship (including on private letters)
• Absolute authority
• Only Russian language was to be spoken, except by the nobility
who also spoke French
• Only worship the Russian Orthodox Church
• Secret Police

4. CONTINUING AUTOCRATIC RULE…
• CENSORSHIP- to examine
material in order to
suppress or delete
anything considered
objectionable on
moral, political,
military, or other
grounds
• Total censorship-
schools, papers,
letters
• Secret Police watched
high schools and
college students

5. • In 1894, the last Russian
Czar, Nicholas II came to
power.
• He was committed to
keeping total control over
Russia.

6. • Personality
• Uncharismatic, quiet, disliked large
crowds
• Lives the life of a private wealthy
monarch
• Politics
• The Czar’s usual nickname: the
people’s “little father” – Nicholas
doesn’t act the part
• Left most state affairs to his
ministers

7. • Religion
• Strong Eastern (Russian)
Orthodox faith
• Family
• Alexandra (czarina): wife
• Alexi: son; heir to the throne,
weak and sickly
• Anastasia: famous “missing”
daughter

8. RUSSIA INDUSTRIALIZES
• Rapid industrialization changed the economy
• Factories doubled between 1863-1900
• Fourth leading steel leader due to higher taxes on citizens and foreign investors
• Trans-Siberian Railway links western and eastern Russia (longest in the world)

9. CONDITIONS LEAD TO REVOLUTION
• Rapid industrialization stirs up
discontent (dissatisfaction)
• Bad working conditions, low wages,
child labor, and no labor unions led to
strikes

10. CONDITIONS LEAD TO REVOLUTION
• Marxism- radical form of socialism
where all aspects of industry are
owned by the government
• Ideas of Karl Marx establish Revolt
• Proletariat- working class
• Marxist believed proletariat would
overthrow czar
• …this meant the working class would
rule the country

11. The Two I e a s …
d
• Socialism: Everyone owns/shares and is equal
VOLUNTARILY
• Communism: The government owns everything
and decides level of equality

12. CONDITIONS LEAD TO REVOLUTION
• Marxists split into two groups over
revolutionary tactics
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
• Mensheviks= moderates wanting
popular support of revolution
• Bolsheviks=radical revolutionaries
willing to sacrifice everything for
change

13. • Leader of the Bolsheviks
VLADIMIR LENIN
• Very organized
• Ruthless
• Fled to western Europe to QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
avoid arrest by the czarist
are needed to see this picture.
regime
• Maintained contact with
the Bolsheviks Father of the revolution

14. REVOLUTIONS IN RUSSIA
Chapter 2
Troubles a Brewin’

15. • Bolsheviks led by
Vladimir Lenin
pushed for revolution
• Lenin continued to
build his influence
until it was safe to
return to Russia
• …meanwhile…

16. • Russo-Japanese defeat looked very
bad.
-Jan 1905, 200,000 workers and their families
protested the czars winter palace
-Wanted job reforms
-Nicholas ordered soldiers to fire in the crowd
-1,000+ wounded several hundred killed
-Event provoked riots

17. • Suffering caused by WWI was the
final blow against the czar’s rule
• 4 million Russian soldiers were killed,
wounded, or captured
• Czar lost control of Russia
• Soldiers refused to fight
• People were starving
• Russia had withdrawn from the war…

18. • 1915 Nicholas moved his
headquarters to the war front-
hoped to rally troops
• His wife, Alexandra was left in
charge of the country
• Put all her trust and power in
Rasputin- a self proclaimed “holy
man”
• 1916 a group of nobles murdered
Rasputin
• Neither Nicholas or Alexandra
proved capable of tackling these
enormous problems.

19. REVOLUTIONS IN RUSSIA
Chapter 3
Losing Control

20. • Nicholas soon lost control.
• Strikes, revolts and protests led to the March
Revolution of 1917.
• Czar Nicholas stepped down.

21. • Women who worked in factories in Petrograd(St. Petersburg) stood in line after a 12
hour shift to purchase insanely priced bread.
• 10,000 women marched withthe slogan “Peace and Bread”
• The women were joined by other workers creating a general strike.
Czar’s solution was to fire upon the crowds but the soldiers joined the
movement instead!

22. • 1917- Czar Nicholas is forced to abdicate
his throne
• The three century czarist rule of the
Romanov’s finally collapsed
• Year later revolutionaries executed
Nicholas and his family
• March Revolution succeeded in bringing
down the Czar yet it failed to set up a
strong government to replace it

23. PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT
• Someone needed to rule…
• Provisional government was
established,
(Provisional= temporary)
• headed by Alexander Kerensky.
• Continued fighting WWI
• BAD idea lost support

24. • Demanded land
• City workers grew more radical
• Soviets were formed local city councils consisting of
workers, peasants, and soldiers
• A political challenge erupted from local “Soviets”
• Later, this group became stronger and were labeled as
“Bolsheviks.”

25. REVOLUTIONS IN RUSSIA
Chapter 4
Bolshevik Revolution

26. German military leaders shipped Lenin
to Russia from Switzerland by rail
to “create disorder” within Russia.
Germany arranged Lenin’s return to
Russia after many years in exile
• April 1917: Traveled in a sealed
railroad boxcar

27. • Lenin revitalized slogans from
the mad mother’s march to
influence Russians
“Peace, Land, Bread”
• Nov. 1917- armed workers took
control of government offices.
• Kerensky’s reign had ended
.

28. • A COUP WITHOUT BLOODSHED - Lenin takes over the
provisional government at the Winter Palace in St.
Petersburg on November 6, 1917.
• Bolsheviks renamed themselves the Communists after
Marxist ideas.
• Lenin had promised peace so he signed the Treaty of Brest-
Litovsk which took Russia out of WWI

29. EXECUTION OF THE ROMANOV’S