Smarty

Why templates?
• Templates try to simplify the process of data
representation by separating the business logic
from the output layer.

• Allows output to change without editing code
logic.

• Cleaner & simpler to understand code.

• Greater degree of customizability.

• Simultaneous development.

How do they work?
• Templates usually consist of the logic script and a
output deﬁnition identifying how the data
generated by logic is to be arranged.

<?php <html>
$date = date(quot;Ymdquot;); <body>
$name = $db->SelectVal(quot;SELECT name <h1>Welcome {NAME}!</h1>
FROM users WHERE session=quot;.SID); Current Time is {DATE}
</body>
$tmpl = file_get_contents(quot;out.tplquot;); </html>

echo str_replace(array('{DATE}',
'{NAME}'), array($date,$name),
$tmpl);
?>

Your own templating system
• Task speciﬁc • Time consuming
development process
• Simpler

• Faster • Testing

• No external • Debugging
dependencies • Task speciﬁc

• Better code • May requires
familiarity changes when
new needs arise.

Existing solutions
• Out-of-box solution • In most cases bloated

• Can be used right a • “Swiss Army Knife”
way approach to the problem

• Relatively stable • External dependencies

• Extensive feature set • Licensing issues

• Internationalization • Must be available

• Template layout • Many alternatives, most
logic incompatible between one
another.
• Could be faster then
“homebrew”

Smarty

• Arguably the most known PHP based templating
solution is Smarty (smarty.net)

• Originally developed by Andrei Zmievski

• 4 years of reﬁnement & feature improvements

• Most widely available templating system

• Non-restrictive Open Source license, LGPL

Core features

• Some of the most attractive features of Smarty include:

• Plug-in architecture

• Built-in caching support

• Conditional expression support inside templates

• Evolving solution, on-going development

• Reasonably well documented

Smarty setup
• To use Smarty, up to 4 directories may be required

• Template storage (templates)

• Compiled template storage (templates_c)

• Cached template storage (cache) **not required**

• Conﬁguration storage (conﬁgs) **not required**

• Because Smarty will be writing to cache & templates_c
directories, they must be writable by the web server.

Using Smarty
// load smarty library <html>
require('Smarty/Smarty.class.php'); <body>
$smarty = new Smarty(); <h1>Welcome {$user}</h1>
Current time is {$time}
// set path of storage directories </body>
$smarty->template_dir = './ </html>
templates';
$smarty->compile_dir = './
templates_c';

// assign value to smarty variable
$smarty->assign('name', 'John');
$smarty->assign('date',
date(quot;Ymdquot;));

// load, compile and display
template
$smarty->display('output.tpl');

Smarty modiﬁers

• One of the neat capabilities Smarty offers is the
ability to apply “ﬁltering” on the output within the
templates.

• This functionality allows the layout logic to reside
inside the templates rather then being part of the
application logic.

Using Smarty modiﬁers
$smarty->assign('login', 'matija');
$smarty->assign('reg_date', 1215586447);
$smarty->assign('signature', quot;-----nPHP Developernquot;);
$smarty->assign('text', 'A very long an boring text');
$smarty->assign('weird', 'ineverlikedpunctuationanyway');

Name: {$login|capitalize}
Date: {$reg_date|date_format:quot;%Y-%m-%dquot;}
Signature: {$signature|escape|nl2br}
{$text|truncate:15:quot;...quot;:true}
{$weird|wordwrap:10:quot; quot;:true}

Name: Matija
Date: 2008-07-09
Signature: -----<br />
PHP Developer<br />
A very long ...
ineverlike dpunctuati onanyway

Using Smarty modiﬁers
• Smarty also provides a very convenient “default”
modiﬁer, which is particularly useful for populating
forms.

$smarty->assign('address', $_POST['address']);
$smarty->display(quot;demo.tplquot;);

<input type=quot;textquot; name=quot;addressquot;
value=quot;{$address|escape|default:quot;Your addresquot;}quot; />

Merging templates
• Smarty allows templates to reference other
templates, that may be used in many places like
header & footer

{include file=quot;header.tplquot; val=quot;Onequot; val2=quot;Twoquot;}
{include file=quot;footer.tplquot;}

• Attributes speciﬁed for the include tag, will be a
made available as smarty variables inside the
included template.

Array iteration
• Entire array structures can be output inside
Smarty, without involving the “logic” portion of the
code.

$smarty->results('res',
sqlite_array_query($db, quot;SELECT * FROM ...quot;));

{foreach item=row from=$res}
{foreach key=column item=value from=$row}
{$column}: {$value}<br />
{/foreach}
{/foreach}

Conditional expressions
{if $gender eq quot;malequot;}
Welcome Sir.
• Aside from the listed
{elseif $gender name eq quot;femalequot;}
conditional operators,
Welcome Ma'am. Smarty supports all
{else}
Welcome, whatever you are.
operators found in
{/if} PHP natively
{if $price > 9.99 && $price < 20.99}
Daily Special! • == === != !==

•
{/if}
> < >= <=
{if count($val) > 0}
{foreach item=value from=$val}
... • ! %

{/if}
•
{/foreach}
• & ~ ^

Capturing Output
• Smarty allows the generated output for a code
block to be captured in a buffer for later use.

{capture name=admin_opts}
{if $admin ne quot;quot;} ... {/if}
{/capture}

{foreach item=value from=$val}
{$value}
{if $smarty.capture.admin_opts ne quot;quot;}
$smarty.capture.admin_opts
{/if}
{/foreach}

Smarty & JavaScript
• To prevent Smarty from trying to interpret
JavaScript logic, the {literal} tag can be used.

{literal}
<script type=quot;text/javascriptquot;>

</script>
{/literal}

White-space cleanup
• Smarty supports a {strip} tag, for removing whie-
space from the generated output.

{strip}
<table border=0>
<tr>
<td>
Content
</td>
</tr>
</table>
{/strip}

<table border=0><tr><td>Content</td></tr></table>

Caching

• In recognition of the fact that not all output need
to be dynamic, Smarty offers a tools for caching
the generated text.

Cache controls
• Smarty caching mechanism is controlled via a
series of $smarty object properties.

• $cache_id - cached data storage directory

• $cache_lifetime - cached data duration

• $cache_handler_func - provide own cache
handling mechanism (function)

• $cache_modiﬁed_check - support the If-
Modiﬁed-Since browser supploed header

Using Smarty cache
• When using Smarty cache, be sure that the
cache storage directory is writable by the
web server.
$smarty->cache_dir = './cache';
$smarty->cache_lifetime = 600;
$smarty->cache_modified_check = true;
$smarty->caching = true;

if (!$smarty->is_cached('index.tpl')) {
/* run queries, assign vars, etc... */
}

$smarty->display('cache.tpl');

Smarty

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