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A2 globalisation 2012
- 1. Globalisation 2012 – how times change!
- 2. GLOBALISATION AND THE UK ECONOMY Matt Bentley
- 4. Goldman Sachs Projections Largest economies in 2003 Largest economies in 2025 Largest economies in 2050 USA Japan Germany UK France China Italy India Brazil
- 5. Goldman Sachs Projections Largest economies in 2003 Largest economies in 2025 Largest economies in 2050 USA USA Japan China Germany Japan UK Germany France India China UK Italy France India Russia Brazil South Korea
- 6. Goldman Sachs Projections Largest economies in 2003 Largest economies in 2025 Largest economies in 2050 USA USA China Japan China USA Germany Japan India UK Germany Japan France India Brazil China UK Mexico Italy France Russia India Russia Germany Brazil South Korea UK
- 7. Globalisation and the UK • The UK is a highly open economy • Strong trade links with other countries • Over a quarter of our annual GDP is exported • Open financial (capital) markets – Bonds – Equities – Property • We have a fairly open labour market – tolerant of inflows of workers from overseas • Globalisation creates opportunities and threats • The key is to be internationally competitive
- 8. Opportunities and benefits for the UK • Cheaper imports from emerging market countries – Keeps down inflation and interest rates • Potential for increasing export sales – Which markets are we best at? • Opportunities for overseas investment – Mergers and takeovers – Direct investment (e.g. new factories overseas; out-sourcing of manufacturing) • Opportunities arising from migration of labour • Opportunities of rapid technological change
- 9. Threats for the UK economy • Threats to our manufacturing industries • Risk of structural unemployment • Widening of the rich-poor divide – more inequality • Social and economic tensions from migration • Threats to the global environment – this affects us all • Inflationary risks from higher energy and metal prices • Property boom and bust – think about the origins of this • Takeover of UK businesses from overseas? • Risks of return to protectionism
- 10. Threats to current globalisation wave • Resurgent inflation – Commodities – including metals and foodstuffs – World Bank: Food price crisis is the ‘silent Tsunami’ – Wages • Widening income & wealth inequality within countries (rich and poor) • Bursting of the financial euphoria / bubbles • Huge trade imbalances • Increasing distrust of big business • Growing pressure for – Economic nationalism / trade protectionism – Shift away from multi-lateral trade towards bi-lateral trade agreements • And the threats to the global commons – perhaps the biggest market failure of all time
- 11. Globalisation may stall – it is not inevitable
- 13. Trade barriers are back! • With the world struggling to come out of recession and economic growth stagnant, barriers to trade are once again on the rise! • US angry at Chinese trade barriers • Questions for discussion: • Why would countries want to erect trade barriers? • How can the UK remain competitive in this new globalised world?
- 14. Ten Key Tips! 1. Use diagrams and ensure they are clear and annotated 2. Use the sources provided (where appropriate) 3. Use plenty of real world examples - often exam questions will say “using the data and your own knowledge” 4. Use precise terminology – learn your definitions well 5. Pick up on ‘trigger words’ in the exam question i.e. solely, inevitably
- 15. Ten Key Tips! 6. Answer the question but back up any assertion made with evidence or examples 7. Avoid repeating yourself in a conclusion – try to bring something new into the discussion 8. Practice drawing key diagrams 9. Read one topical economics article every day 10.When writing essay answers – leave a line between each paragraph
Notes de l'éditeur
- What is driving globalisation? I would suggest three key factors Firstly technological change; secondly, the liberalisation of markets for goods, services and capital and the end of communism which has brought about a shift towards market forces as a means of allocating scarce resources. Thirdly the impact of containerisation and other processes as a means of transporting goods around the global economy. Perhaps we can add a fourth driver of globalisation, the increasing flows of labour within and between countries. Labour migration is a hugely important topic and one we may return to in questions at the end.
- A health warning – these are projections And projections this far out are subject to huge uncertainty. The dreams of a country are often far removed from the reality. But the Goldman Sachs figures are produced on the back of some pretty impressive analysis and we will touch on some of their ideas in the next few minutes For the moment, it might be worth considering for a few seconds, how the landscape of the world economy will change.
- A health warning – these are projections And projections this far out are subject to huge uncertainty. The dreams of a country are often far removed from the reality. But the Goldman Sachs figures are produced on the back of some pretty impressive analysis and we will touch on some of their ideas in the next few minutes For the moment, it might be worth considering for a few seconds, how the landscape of the world economy will change.
- A health warning – these are projections And projections this far out are subject to huge uncertainty. The dreams of a country are often far removed from the reality. But the Goldman Sachs figures are produced on the back of some pretty impressive analysis and we will touch on some of their ideas in the next few minutes For the moment, it might be worth considering for a few seconds, how the landscape of the world economy will change.
- Some what does globalisation mean for the UK?