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TRADEOFFS 
Matthew Lehner 
@matthewpearse
Building Software 
Relies on Two Inputs: ! 
Time 
and 
Money
Businesses Have 
Money 
! 
You have time
We have the best jobs 
on earth 
! 
We get paid to build 
things that help to the 
world better
First Assumption: 
We’re here because 
we love building 
software
Second Assumption: 
We wouldn’t mind 
higher salaries or a 
greater level of 
autonomy over our 
work
I want to propose an idea: 
The ability to make 
better business 
decisions makes you a 
better developer. 
I’m not talking about straight up engineers, but people with jobs building software with 
practical applications
Better developers 
have more freedom
WHY? 
• Our salaries have to come from somewhere 
• If our work is not creating more value than it costs 
the people who sign our cheques then they’re 
going to run out of money, and we’ll be 
unemployed
WHY? 
• Understanding the relationship between your 
work and the business value that it creates gives 
you a better ability to make decisions that will 
allow you to have more freedom over what you 
do (more money, or time off)
A STORY 
4 years ago I sent my first pull request
The Problem
The Solution
I could build a webpage
<html> 
<%= weird_stuff %> 
</html>
<html> 
<%= different_weird_stuff %> 
</html>
C++
Ruby has a low barrier 
to entry
Ruby
We don’t pick 
languages because 
they’re fast.
We pick languages 
because we can be 
productive with them
Productivity happens 
when our brains are 
free to solve 
problems
Second Problem: 
Focus
Managed Hosting 
vs. 
Random Scripts + Docker Hacking 
VS +
Bare Minimum Setup 
• Application Server 
• SSL Encryption 
• Database Server 
• Server Monitoring 
• Automated Backups
Should Also Have 
• Load balancing 
• Easy Horizontal Scalability
At Face Value 
EC2 Micro: 
$0.013/hour 
Heroku Dyno: 
$0.05/hour
At Face Value 
EC2 Micro: 
$0.013/hour 
Heroku Dyno: 
$0.05/hour
A Deeper Dive 
• Heroku set up time: 30 minutes 
• EC2 set up time: ????
A Deeper Dive 
• Heroku set up time: 30 minutes 
• EC2 set up time: 1 day (optimistic)
How much does a 
developer cost?
MATH TIME! 
• Average HK Dev Salary: $30,000/month 
• Equipment, office space, utilities, benefits, taxes: 
$20,000 
• Total cost per month: $50,000 
• Per year: $600,000 
• Per week: $11,538
Developer Salary Math 
Cost per hour: 
$288
A Deeper Dive 
• Heroku set up time: 30 minutes 
• EC2 set up time: 1 day (optimistic)
A Deeper Dive 
• Heroku set up cost: $144 
• EC2 set up cost: $2,304
Heroku cost per month 
• $1 
$111.50USD
Heroku cost per month 
• $1 
:(
AWS cost per month 
$18USD
AWS cost per month 
:)
Practically Speaking 
SETUP COSTS 
Heroku: $144 
AWS: $2,304 
MONTHLY COSTS 
Heroku: $868 
AWS: $139
Monthly Breakdown 
6000 
4500 
3000 
1500 
0 
Heroku AWS 
Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb
MERRY CHRISTMAS 
I got you some traffic for your site
Monthly Breakdown 
7000 
5250 
3500 
1750 
0 
Heroku AWS 
Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb
If your primary 
responsibility isn’t 
managing servers, 
this will to slow down 
forward progress.
Servers are cheap, 
their resources are 
unlimited. 
You are not cheap, 
you have finite 
resources.
Mythical Man-Month
Mythical Man-Month 
Adding manpower to a late software 
project makes it later - Brooks’ law
We can’t add more 
people to projects 
and finish them faster
Adding people to a 
team increases 
complexity and 
increased complexity 
lowers productivity.
Developers are not 
horizontally scalable
However, we can 
work effectively on 
individual parts of a 
complex system
To make the right choices we 
need to be aware of: 
• The impact on the business’ bottom line 
• The effect on our productivity
Framework for maximum 
awesome 
1. Work on things you like, and solve problems with 
technologies you’re excited about 
2. Work towards mastery of the technologies you 
use every day 
3. Evaluate how your day-to-day work creates value 
for your employer and focus on increasing this

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Tradeoffs