Church history intro fall 2012

Prelude to GloryPrelude to Glory
Church History in the Fulness ofChurch History in the Fulness of
TimesTimes
Compiled by Bro Doug MaughanCompiled by Bro Doug Maughan
Fall 2012Fall 2012

What role will you, or have youWhat role will you, or have you
played in Church History?played in Church History?

LDS BranchLDS Branch
Copan, Honduras July 2011Copan, Honduras July 2011

 The fingerprints of God on the parchment of
history, reveal a love story, fraught with enough
faith, sacrifice and divine intervention, to ignite
an everlasting flame of gratitude, and patriotism
in the hearts of all who seek to understand the
invisible hand of divine providence.
(Douglas Maughan , CES Utah North Area
Inservice June 26, 2002)

Prelude to the Restoration
(Douglas Maughan)
Eph. 1:9-10; D&C 5:10; Dan. 2:44;Moses 7:58-62;
1 Ne. 13:10, 13, 15-16, 17, 18-20
1 Ne. 13:35-40; 1 Ne.14:25-26; D&C 107:56; Ether 3:25-26; Joel 2:28-29;
Isa. 2:1-2;
Isa. 29; Isa. 49:1; Dan 7
Ezekiel 37:15-17; Gen. 49:26

9 Having made known unto us the mystery of
his will, according to his good pleasure which
he hath purposed in himself:
10 That in the dispensation of the fulness of
times he might gather together in one all things
in Christ, both which are in heaven, and which
are on earth; even in him:
(New Testament | Ephesians 1:9 - 10)

10 But this generation shall have10 But this generation shall have
my word through you;my word through you;
 Doctrine andDoctrine and
Covenants |SectionCovenants |Section
5:105:10

Apostasy:Apostasy: What was lost?What was lost?
 Apostolic AuthorityApostolic Authority
 Priesthood KeysPriesthood Keys
 Church OrganizationChurch Organization
 Holy Scripture (Bible)Holy Scripture (Bible)
The Result:The Result: RetrocessionRetrocession
 EducationEducation
 MedicineMedicine
 Standard of LivingStandard of Living
 RenaissanceRenaissance
 Gutenberg PressGutenberg Press
 ReformationReformation
 AquinasAquinas
 WycliffeWycliffe
 TyndaleTyndale
 LutherLuther

1 Nephi 13:1-3
1 Nephi 13:4-9
1 Nephi 13:10-12
1 Nephi 13:13-15
1 Nephi 13:16-19
1 Nephi 13:20-29
1 Nephi 13:30-42
Many Nations
The Great and abominable
Church
Columbus
Pilgrims early settlers
American Revolution
The Bible and Apostasy
The Restoration and coming forth
of latter-day scripture

 Apostasy-What was lost?Apostasy-What was lost?
 ChurchChurch
 Bible?Bible?
 RetrocessionRetrocession
 AquinasAquinas
 TyndaleTyndale
 LutherLuther
 Age of DiscoveryAge of Discovery
 CompassCompass
 Dead ReckoningDead Reckoning
 QuadrantQuadrant
 SextantSextant
 ChronometerChronometer
 Explorers Marco PoloExplorers Marco Polo
 MagellanMagellan
 ColumbusColumbus
 Pilgrims Mayflower-WinthropPilgrims Mayflower-Winthrop
 The Establishment of a Free Nation-The Establishment of a Free Nation-
 The Tribe of Ephriam…The Tribe of Ephriam…
 Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence
 American RevolutionAmerican Revolution
 The great Awakening of ReligionThe great Awakening of Religion
The Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution
The RestorationThe Restoration

The Great and Abominable Church
1 Nephi 13:4-9
4 And it came to pass that I saw among the
nations of the Gentiles the formation of a great
church.
5 And the angel said unto me: Behold the
formation of a church which is most abominable
above all other churches, which slayethslayeth the saints
of God, yea, and torturethtortureth them and bindeth them
down, and yokethyoketh them with a yoke of ironyoke of iron, and
bringeth them down into captivitybringeth them down into captivity.

1 Ne. 13:4-51 Ne. 13:4-5
1481-1808
340,0000 Tortured
32,000
Burned at the stake
Nations captive to
false doctrine and
priestcrafts…
The Hand of
Providence E. Ward
p.121

Apostasy Prevailed
Paul’s letters cried out for strength among the
followers of Christ, lest They fall into the ways of
the wicked one. Ignorance and evil enveloped the
world, resulting in what is known as the Dark
Ages.
Isaiah had predicted:
“Darkness shall cover the earth, and gross darkness
the people” (Isa. 60:2). For centuries, disease wasFor centuries, disease was
rampant and poverty reigned.rampant and poverty reigned.

Apostasy
Amos 8:11
2 Timothy 3:Heading – 1
Isa. 60:2
1 Ne. 13:4-9; 20-29

Apostasy:Apostasy: What was lost?What was lost?
 Lives ! Apostles and saints tortured and killedLives ! Apostles and saints tortured and killed
 Apostolic AuthorityApostolic Authority
 Church OrganizationChurch Organization
 Holy Scripture (Bible)Holy Scripture (Bible)
 Ordinances and Covenants,Ordinances and Covenants,
 Plain and Precious Doctrines lostPlain and Precious Doctrines lost
The Result:The Result: RetrocessionRetrocession
 AquinasAquinas
 TyndaleTyndale
 LutherLuther

Pope Adrian VI -1522
to the Diet of Nuremburg
“At every level of church life…there were
signs of grave disorganization and
decay.”…every thing could be obtained for
money…however hurtful it might be to the
general welfare of the Church”.
(Wide as the Waters, The Story of the English Bible and
the Revolution it Inspired; Benson Bobrick. P.31)

1 Nephi 13:4-9
6 And it came to pass that I beheld this
great and abominable church; and I saw the
devil that he was the founder of itdevil that he was the founder of it.
7 And I also saw gold, and silver, and silks,
and scarlets, and fine-twined linen, and all
manner of precious clothing; and I saw
many harlotsmany harlots.

1 Nephi 13:4-9
8 And the angel spake unto me, saying: Behold
the gold, and the silver, and the silks, and the
scarlets, and the fine-twined linen, and the
precious clothing, and the harlots, are the desires
of this great and abominable church.
9 And also for the praise of the world do they
destroy the saints of God, and bring them down
into captivity.
(Book of Mormon | 1 Nephi 13:4 - 9)

Francesco Petrarch
(a devout Catholic)
Described the Papal court as, “ a receptacle
of all that is most wicked and abomnible.
What I tell you is not from hearsay, but
from my own knowledge and experience. In
this city there is no piety, no reverance or
fear of God, no faith, no charity, nothing
that is holy, just, equitable, or humane.”
(Wide as the Waters, The Story of the English
Bible and the Revolution it Inspired; Benson
Bobrick. P.34)

Martyrdom of the ApostlesMartyrdom of the Apostles
((The Great Apostasy, James Talmage;The Great Apostasy, James Talmage;
Foxe’sFoxe’s Book of Christian MartyrsBook of Christian Martyrs))
 33 AD33 AD Judas committed suicideJudas committed suicide (Matt. 27:3-5)(Matt. 27:3-5)
 54 AD54 AD Philip was scourgedPhilip was scourged thrown into prison and afterwards crucifiedthrown into prison and afterwards crucified
at Heliopolis in Phyrgiaat Heliopolis in Phyrgia
 60 AD60 AD Matthew was slain with a Halberd (battle Axe)Matthew was slain with a Halberd (battle Axe) at Nadabahat Nadabah
EthiopiaEthiopia
 ?? James the LessJames the Less was beat and stoned by the Jews and had hiswas beat and stoned by the Jews and had his
brains dashed out with a fullers clubbrains dashed out with a fullers club
 ?? MatthiasMatthias (chosen to replace Judas) was stoned at Jerusalem then(chosen to replace Judas) was stoned at Jerusalem then
beheadedbeheaded
 ?? AndrewAndrew (brother of Peter) was crucified at Edessa(brother of Peter) was crucified at Edessa
 After 65 ADAfter 65 AD MarkMark was dragged to pieces I the streets of Alexandriawas dragged to pieces I the streets of Alexandria
 64-65 AD64-65 AD Peter crucified upside downPeter crucified upside down in Romein Rome
 Spring 65ADSpring 65AD Paul was beheaded at Rome by order of NeroPaul was beheaded at Rome by order of Nero
 72 AD72 AD Thaddeus CrucifiedThaddeus Crucified (Brother of James) at Edessa(Brother of James) at Edessa
 ?? Matthew was beaten and crucifiedMatthew was beaten and crucified by impatient idolaters ofby impatient idolaters of
IndiaIndia
 ?? ThomasThomas (called Didimus) preached in Parthia and India where(called Didimus) preached in Parthia and India where
exciting the rage of pagan priests, he wasexciting the rage of pagan priests, he was thrust through with athrust through with a
spear.spear.
 ?? LukeLuke is supposed to have been hanged on an olive tree by theis supposed to have been hanged on an olive tree by the
idolatrous Priests of Greece.idolatrous Priests of Greece.
 74 AD74 AD Simon Zelotes was Crucified in BritainSimon Zelotes was Crucified in Britain
 73 AD73 AD Barnabas (we no details)Barnabas (we no details)
 Still AliveStill Alive John (see D&C 7)John (see D&C 7)

The Church of Jesus ChristThe Church of Jesus Christ
Death of the ApostlesDeath of the Apostles
The ApostasyThe Apostasy

John the BelovedJohn the Beloved
 The Apostle John who wrote the Book of Revelation,The Apostle John who wrote the Book of Revelation,
was sentenced by the Roman Emperor Domitian, towas sentenced by the Roman Emperor Domitian, to
be scalded to death in a cauldron of boiling oil; …be scalded to death in a cauldron of boiling oil; …
The cauldron of oil was heated to boilingThe cauldron of oil was heated to boiling
heat, and the great apostle was submerged in theheat, and the great apostle was submerged in the
scalding fluid, but through Divine interposition he wasscalding fluid, but through Divine interposition he was
delivered like Daniel from the “lion’s den,” anddelivered like Daniel from the “lion’s den,” and
Shadrach, Meshack and Abednego from the “fieryShadrach, Meshack and Abednego from the “fiery
furnace,” by the power of that God, whom he servedfurnace,” by the power of that God, whom he served
and obeyed; so that he suffered no harm and simplyand obeyed; so that he suffered no harm and simply
looked like he had been anointed. The cruellooked like he had been anointed. The cruel
Emperor was so enraged at this wonderfulEmperor was so enraged at this wonderful
deliverance, that he instantly sentenced the doomeddeliverance, that he instantly sentenced the doomed
Apostle to banishment on the Isle of Patmos.Apostle to banishment on the Isle of Patmos.
 (Journal of Discourses, Vol. 20, pg. 205, Elder C.W.Stayner)(Journal of Discourses, Vol. 20, pg. 205, Elder C.W.Stayner)

Apostasy led to ConfusionApostasy led to Confusion
 In the absence of Apostles who shouldIn the absence of Apostles who should
lead Christ’s Church?lead Christ’s Church?
 Who can interpret doctrine?Who can interpret doctrine?

Apostolic SuccesionApostolic Succesion
 The Church traces itsThe Church traces its
history tohistory to JesusJesus and theand the
Twelve ApostlesTwelve Apostles, and, and
sees thesees the bishopsbishops of theof the
Church as the successorsChurch as the successors
of the Apostles inof the Apostles in
general, and the Pope asgeneral, and the Pope as
the successor ofthe successor of
Saint PeterSaint Peter, leader of the, leader of the
ApostlesApostles

The Bishop Divide over authority…The Bishop Divide over authority…
Bishops are not Apostles!Bishops are not Apostles!
 Bishop of ConstantinopleBishop of Constantinople
 Bishop of Rome –Clement, Linus, Cletus,Bishop of Rome –Clement, Linus, Cletus,
PeterPeter
 (Modern Italy-Roman Catholic Church)(Modern Italy-Roman Catholic Church)
 Bishop of AntiochBishop of Antioch
 (Modern Turkey-Eastern Greek Catholic)(Modern Turkey-Eastern Greek Catholic)
 Bishop of AlexandriaBishop of Alexandria
 ( Modern Egypt-Africa Eastern Orthodox)( Modern Egypt-Africa Eastern Orthodox)

John the last ApostleJohn the last Apostle
 Eusebius recordedEusebius recorded
that John the belovedthat John the beloved
returned from Patmosreturned from Patmos
and continued toand continued to
govern the churches.govern the churches.
 Historia EcclesiaticaHistoria Ecclesiatica
3.23.6, in PG 20:2573.23.6, in PG 20:257

Without the Scriptures and Continuing RevelationWithout the Scriptures and Continuing Revelation
Civilization went into a period of RetrocessionCivilization went into a period of Retrocession
During this long period of confusion Christianity
could only be taught from handwritten manuscripts,
which had been translated and laboriously copied
from other languages than those with which the
translator was familiar.
It is unreasonable to suppose that at a much later
period these manuscripts could be collected together,
again translated and written by hand into our own
language without error, or deviation from the
original. Anthony W. Ivins, Relationship of
"Mormonism" and Freemasonry, p.64

Error in scripture and Corrupt Control
of truth and light

The Wicked Bible, sometimes
called The Adulterous Bible or
The Sinners' Bible, is a term
referring to the Bible published
in 1631 by Robert Barker and
Martin Lucas, the royal
printers in London, which was
meant to be a reprint of the
King James Bible. The name is
derived from the compositors'
mistake: the word not in the
sentence "Thou shalt not
commit adultery" was omitted,
thus changing the sentence into
"Thou shalt commit adultery".

Ecumenical CouncilsEcumenical Councils
This chart lists the 21 ecumenical councils in the history of the Roman Catholic church. The Pope calls and presidesThis chart lists the 21 ecumenical councils in the history of the Roman Catholic church. The Pope calls and presides
over these ecumenical councils, which gather Roman Catholic delegates from all over the world. Other Christianover these ecumenical councils, which gather Roman Catholic delegates from all over the world. Other Christian
denominations hold similar ecumenical meetings, designed to address matters of worldwide ecclesiastical significance.denominations hold similar ecumenical meetings, designed to address matters of worldwide ecclesiastical significance.
 Council of Nicaea ICouncil of Nicaea I 325325
 Council of Constantinople ICouncil of Constantinople I 381381
 Council of EphesusCouncil of Ephesus 431431
 Council of ChalcedonCouncil of Chalcedon 451451
 Council of Constantinople IICouncil of Constantinople II 553553
 Council of Constantinople IIICouncil of Constantinople III 680-681680-681
 Council of Nicaea IICouncil of Nicaea II 787787
 Council of Constantinople IVCouncil of Constantinople IV 869-870869-870
 Council of Lateran ICouncil of Lateran I 11231123
 Council of Lateran IICouncil of Lateran II 11391139
 Council of Lateran IIICouncil of Lateran III 11791179
 Council of Lateran IVCouncil of Lateran IV 12151215
 Council of Lyons ICouncil of Lyons I 12451245
 Council of Lyons IICouncil of Lyons II 12741274
 Council of VienneCouncil of Vienne 1311-13121311-1312

Doctrines? Doctrines?Doctrines? Doctrines?
Ecumenical CouncilsEcumenical Councils
 Council of ConstanceCouncil of Constance 1414-14181414-1418
 Council of Basel FerraraCouncil of Basel Ferrara 1431-14421431-1442
Council of Lateran VCouncil of Lateran V 1512-15171512-1517
Council of TrentCouncil of Trent 1545-15631545-1563
Vatican Council IVatican Council I 1869-18701869-1870
Vatican Council IIVatican Council II 1962-19651962-1965

Death of the ApostlesDeath of the Apostles
The ApostasyThe Apostasy
The Church ofThe Church of
Jesus ChristJesus Christ
of Latter Day Saintsof Latter Day Saints

Apostasy Prevailed
The Black Death killed some 50
million people during the 14th
century. Was not this a season of
terrible peril? I wonder how
humanity survived. President Gordon B.
Hinckley, The Dawning of a Brighter Day, Ensign
(CR), May 2004, p.81

1 AND it came to pass that the angel spake unto me,
saying: Look! And I looked and beheld many nations
and kingdoms.
2 And the angel said unto me: What beholdest thou?
And I said: I behold many nations and kingdoms.
3 And he said unto me: These are the nations and
kingdoms of the Gentiles.
(Book of Mormon | 1 Nephi 13:Heading - 3)

Galileo
In 1633 Galileo was formally interrogated
for 18 days and on April 30 Galileo
confesses that he may have made the
Copernican case in the Dialogue too strong
and offers to refute it in his next book.
Unmoved, the Pope decides that Galileo
should be imprisoned indefinitely. Soon
after, with a formal threat of torture, Galileo
is examined by the Inquisition and sentenced
to prison and religious penances, the
sentence is signed by 6 of the 10 inquisitors.
In a formal ceremony at a the church of
Santa Maria Sofia Minerva, Galileo abjures
his errors. He is then put in house arrest in
Sienna. After these tribulations he begins
writing his Discourse on Two New Sciences.
Galileo remained under house arrest, despite
many medical problems and a deteriorating
state of health, until his death in 1642. The
Church finally accepted that Galileo might
be right in 1983.

Joan of Arc Inquisition
The French patriot and martyr,
Joan of Arc, was born the
daughter of well-off peasants at
Domrémy, a hamlet on the
borders of Lorraine and
Champagne, January 6. The
English conquered the area in
1421 but their forces withdrew
in 1424. Joan received no
formal education but was
endowed with an argumentative
nature and shrewd common
senses.

Retrocession
It is a well known historical fact that from
about 400 to 800 A. D., a period known as the
Dark Ages, a period during which the Roman
Empire was crumbling, and finally fell to the
invading armies of Northern Europe, there was
a retrocession in the civilization of the Old
World.

RetrocessionRetrocession
Schools became almost extinct, war was
continuous, literature was forgotten, priceless
records were wilfully destroyed, a chaotic
condition pervaded the civilized world.
Both the church and state were drunken with
debauchery, licentiousness and unbridled
ambition.

The Bible…
24 And the angel of the Lord said unto me: Thou
hast beheld that the book proceeded forth from the
mouth of a Jew; and when it proceeded forth from the
mouth of a Jew it contained the fulness of the gospel
of the Lord, of whom the twelve apostles bear record;
and they bear record according to the truth which is in
the Lamb of God.
25 Wherefore, these things go forth from the Jews in
purity unto the Gentiles, according to the truth which
is in God.

The Bible…
26 And after they go forth by the hand of the twelve apostles
of the Lamb, from the Jews unto the Gentiles, thou seest the
formation of that great and abominable church, which is most
abominable above all other churches; for behold, they havefor behold, they have
taken away from the gospel of the Lamb many partstaken away from the gospel of the Lamb many parts
which are plain and most precious; and also manywhich are plain and most precious; and also many
covenants of the Lord have they taken away.covenants of the Lord have they taken away.
27 And all this have they done that they might pervert the
right ways of the Lord, that they might blind the eyes and
harden the hearts of the children of men.

The Bible…
28 Wherefore, thou seest that after the book
hath gone forth through the hands of the great
and abominable church, that there are many
plain and precious things taken away from the
book, which is the book of the Lamb of God.
(Book of Mormon | 1 Nephi 13:24 - 28)

"A Bible! A Bible! We have got a Bible,
and there cannot be any more Bible." And
then the Lord said, "... what thank they the
Jews for the Bible?" (2 Ne. 29:3-4.)

In the centuries that
followed, God’s children
had the Light of Christ,
could pray, and could
feel the influence of the
Holy Ghost. But the
fulness of the gospel had
been lost.

11 ¶ Behold, the days come, saith the Lord GOD,
that I will send a famine in the land, not a famine
of bread, nor a thirst for water, but of hearing the
words of the LORD:
(Old Testament | Amos 8:11)

1 Nephi 13:22-29
Many Plain and Precious….

Apostasy Specifics
Plain and Precious Truths
Dueteronomists- Anthropomorphic God
Intimate personal Heavenly Father
Names of the Father and the Son
Nature of God Moses 1:39
Bible in ancient non common languages

The oldest Old Testament manuscript
Masoretic Text (MT, �, or )
…is the authoritative Hebrew text of the
Jewish Bible regarded almost universally as
the official version The Hebrew word
mesorah (‫,מסורה‬ alt. ‫)מסורת‬ refers to the
transmission of a tradition. In a very broad
sense it can refer to the entire chain of
Jewish tradition (see Oral law),

but in reference to the Masoretic Text the
word mesorah has a very specific meaning:
the diacritic markings of the text of the
Hebrew Bible and concise marginal notes in
manuscripts (and later printings) of the
Hebrew Bible which note textual details,
usually about the precise spelling of words.

The Masoretic Text (MT, �, or )
The oldest extant manuscripts of the
Masoretic Text date from approximately the
ninth century AD,[2]
and the Aleppo Codex
(once the oldest complete copy of the
Masoretic Text, but now missing its Torah
section) dates from the tenth century…

The Oldest Old TestamentThe Oldest Old Testament
Manuscript…SeptuagintManuscript…Septuagint
The Septuagint (pronounced
/ s ptu .əd nt/ˈ ɛ ː ʒɪ ), 2]
It was begun by the third
century BC and completed before 132 BC.[3]
It is the oldest of several ancient
translations of the Hebrew Bible into Greek.

Oldest New testament texts…
Erasmus of Rotterdam had established a
text from a handful of manuscripts dating
from the later Middle Ages. Unfortunately
he used only manuscripts of inferior quality
for his edition of 1516

Other older Books…
Apocrypha….
Lost Books?...
Psuedopigrapha…
Canonized Scripture…
Other Writtings to come…

Nag Hammadi is best known for being the site
where local farmers found a sealed earthenware
jar containing thirteen leather-bound papyrus
codices, together with pages torn from another
book, in December 1945. The farmers burned
one of the books and parts of a second
(including its cover). Thus twelve of these books
(one missing its cover) and the loose pages
survive[1]
. The writings in these codices, dating
back to the 2nd century AD,[2]
comprised 52
mostly Gnostic tractates (treatises)

Though there are many documents that could
be included among the gnostic gospels, the
term most commonly refers to the following:
Gospel of Mary (recovered in 1896)[23]
Gospel of Thomas (versions found in
Oxyrhynchus, Egypt in 1898, and again in the
Nag Hammadi Library)[24]
Gospel of Truth (Nag Hammadi Library)
Gospel of Philip (Nag Hammadi Library)
Gospel of Judas (recovered via the
antiquities black market in 1983, and then
reconstructed in 2006)

The Dead Sea scrolls consist of about 900
documents, including texts from the
Hebrew Bible, discovered between 1947 and
1956 in eleven caves in and around the
Qumran Wadi near the ruins of the ancient
settlement of Khirbet Qumran, on the
northwest shore of the Dead Sea.
The texts are of great religious and historical
significance, as they include some of the only
known surviving copies of Biblical documents
made before 100 B.C.

The Dead Sea Scrolls are traditionally divided
into three groups: "Biblical" manuscripts
(copies of texts from the Hebrew Bible), which
comprise roughly 40% of the identified scrolls;
"Apocryphal" or "Pseudepigraphical"
manuscripts (known documents from the
Second Temple Period like Enoch, Jubilees,
Tobit, Sirach, non-canonical psalms, etc., that
were not ultimately canonized in the
Hebrew Bible), which comprise roughly 30%
of the identified scrolls; and "Sectarian"
manuscripts

10 But this generation shall have my word
through you;
D&C 5:10

Protected Texts…
56 Thou shalt ask, and
my scriptures shall be
given as I have
appointed, and they
shall be preserved in
safety;
(Doctrine and
Covenants | Section
42:56)

There was no one left on
earth with the power and
authority to lead the
Church or perform sacred
ordinances such as
baptism, conferral of the
gift of the Holy Ghost,
and the saving
ordinances of the temple.
Almost everyone was
denied access to the
scriptures, and most
people were illiterate.

A Restoration of Truth….Margaret barkerA Restoration of Truth….Margaret barker
Old Testament ScholarOld Testament Scholar
From widely scattered surviving fragments,
it is possible to reconstruct the world
view of the first Christians, and to restore
to their original setting such key concepts as
the Messiah, divine Sonship, covenant,
atonement, resurrection, incarnation, the
Second Coming and the Kingdom of God.

Israel’s Second God…
There were many in first-century Palestine who
still retained a world-view derived from the more
ancient religion of Israel [that of the First Temple]
in which there was a High God and several Sons
of God, one of whom was Yahweh, the Holy One
of Israel. Yahweh, the Lord, could be manifested
on earth in human form, as an angel or in the
Davidic king. It was as a manifestation of Yahweh,
the Son of God, that Jesus was acknowledged as
Son of God, Messiah and Lord. Margaret Barker

Making the scriptures available and helping God’s
children learn to read them was the first step to the
Restoration of the gospel. Originally the Bible was
written in Hebrew and Greek, languages unknown to
common people throughout Europe. Then, about 400about 400
years after the Savior’s death, the Bible wasyears after the Savior’s death, the Bible was
translated by Jerome into Latin. But still thetranslated by Jerome into Latin. But still the
scriptures were not widely available.scriptures were not widely available. Copies had to
be written by hand, usually by monks, each taking
years to complete.

From Birth of Plenty p. 33-34
"Bishops and cardinals amassed fabulous fortunes from the
sale of tithes and indulgences. . . . John XXII, who wore the
papal tiara from 1316 to 1334, exhibited a legendary
appetite for gold cloth and fur. [that's right - cloth made of
gold!] Noble families purchased appointments to the
priesthood for small children, and twenty-year-old
archbishops were not unknown. Of 624 papal dispensations
of legitimacy granted in 1342-43, 484 went to the offspring
of clergy. In parts of sixteenth-century England, the clergy
were indicted for almost a quarter of all sex crimes, more
than ten times their proportion of the population
Standard of LivingStandard of Living
During the dark ages…During the dark ages…

"Beyond the city walls, lawlessness reigned
absolute. . . Highwaymen plied their trade . . .
with near impunity. Soldiers, when not engaged
in Crusades, dynastic feuds, or papal ambitions,
periodically swelled the ranks of highwaymen.
Only walls provided a town with effective
protection against its lawless environs. Since
walls were expensive, town life crammed itself
into as little space as possible. The streets,
nothing more than narrow, open sewers, teemed
with townspeople and disease; the first
demographers documented death rates from
infectious diseases that were twice as high inside
the walls as they were outside.
During the Dark AgesDuring the Dark Ages

"Most people lived in tiny villages and worked
small adjacent fields. Not until 1500 did
farmers clear the wolf-infested forests.
Everyone, from toddlers to the aged,
performed backbreaking field work, usually
unaided by the plow. Until A.D. 900, it was
the rare peasant who could afford to harness
horses and oxen with collars for fieldwork.

"The squalor of medieval dwellings was unimaginable.
According to the greatest of all Renaissance humanists,
Erasmus of Rotterdam, 'Almost all the floors are of clay
and rushes from the marshes, so carelessly renewed that
the foundation sometimes remains for twenty years,
harboring, there below, spittle and vomit and wine of
dogs and men, beer . . . remnants of fishes, and other
filth unnamable. Hence, with the change of weather, a
vapor exhales which in my judgment is far from
wholesome.'

"Families slept together in one foul bed, and
chimneys were almost unknown. Soot
covered the walls of all but the newest huts.
Lack of proper exhaust resulted in house fires
that brought roaring death to large numbers of
villagers, particularly women, who, clad in
highly flammable dresses, tended wood-fired
pits and stoves.

"The past few paragraphs describe the
circumstances of peasants who were relatively
well-off. The less fortunate had little or no
shelter at all. In the subsistence-level
premodern society, famine and pestilence
knocked constantly at the door. During times
of extreme famine, cannibalism was not
unknown; travelers were occasionally killed
for their flesh, and there were even reports of
gallows being attacked for sustenance.

"Pestilence regularly engulfed the continent.
The most famous episode occurred in 1347 . . .
Within a few decades it [bubonic plague] had
killed nearly one in three Europeans. (William
Berenstien, Birth of Plenty)

I rule …in the earth beneath
and…Bring forth my word…
7 Know ye not that there are more nations
than one? Know ye not that I, the Lord
your God, have created all men, and that I
remember those who are upon the isles of
the sea; and that I rule in the heavens above
and in the earth beneath; and I bring forth
my word unto the children of men, yea,
even upon all the nations of the earth?
(Book of Mormon | 2 Nephi 29:7)

20 And he shall send Jesus Christ, which
before was preached unto you:
21 Whom the heaven must receive until the
times of restitution of all things, which God
hath spoken by the mouth of all his holy
prophets since the world began.
(New Testament | Acts 3:20 - 21)

I maintain that had there
been no restoration of the
gospel, and no
organization of the Church
of Jesus Christ of Latter-
day Saints, there would
have been no radio; there
would have been no
airplane, and there would
not have been the
wonderul discoveries in
medicine, chemistry,
electricity, and the many
other things wherein the
world has been benefited
by such discoveries.

Under such conditions
these blessings would have
been withheld, for they
belong to the Dispensation
of the Fulness of Times of
which the restoration of
the gospel and the
organization of the Church
constitute the central
point, from which radiates
the Spirit of the Lord
throughout the world.

… Now let me say briefly that I do
not believe for one moment that
these discoveries have come by
chance, or that they have come
because of superior intelligence
possessed by men today over those
who lived in ages that are past. They
have come and are coming because
the time is ripe, because the Lord
has willed it, and because he has
poured out his Spirit on all flesh.
Elder Joseph Fielding Smith (October
1926)

Woven into the annals of history is the unmistakable
hand of the Lord. The Apsotasy and Restoration were
not a series of serendipitous acts. They were part of
the master plan, pieces in a divine puzzle—carefully,
meticulously, and lovingly laid out by the Master
Designer. They were decreed in the premortal
existance and forretold by prophets. These inspried
events have become dostrinal pillars that help define
our faith, fire our resolve and spur us on to more
Godlike works. (Ted R. Callister, The Ineveitable
Apostasy and the Promised Restoration)

The age of Renaissance
and Reformation
The age of Renaissance brought with it a
Flowering of learning, art, and science. There
came a movement of bold and courageous men
and women who looked heavenward in
acknowledgment of God and His divine Son.
We speak of it as the Reformation. President
Gordon B. Hinckley, The Dawning of a
Brighter Day, Ensign (CR), May 2004, p.81

A candle was lighted.
… somehow,
in that long
season of
darkness, a
candle was
lighted. President
Gordon B. Hinckley, The
Dawning of a Brighter Day,
Ensign (CR), May 2004, p.81

21 For the LORD shall rise up …
that he may do his work, his
strange work; and bring to pass his
act, his strange act.
(Old Testament | Isaiah 28:21)

The age of Renaissance
…brought with it a Flowering of learning, art,
and science. There came a movement of bold
and courageous men and women who looked
heavenward in acknowledgment of God and His
divine Son. We speak of it as the Reformation.
President Gordon B. Hinckley, The Dawning of a Brighter Day,
Ensign (CR), May 2004, p.81

Robert D. Hales, “Preparations for the Restoration and
the Second Coming: ‘My Hand Shall Be over Thee’,”
Liahona, Nov 2005, 88–92
Then, through the
influence of the Holy
Ghost, an interest in
learning began to grow in
the hearts of people. This
Renaissance or “rebirth”Renaissance or “rebirth”
spread throughout Europe.spread throughout Europe.
In the late 1300s, a priest
named John Wycliffe
initiated a translation of
the Bible from Latin into
English.

Because English was then an emerging,
unrefined language, church leaders deemed it
unsuitable to convey God’s word. Some
leaders were certain that if people could read
and interpret the Bible for themselves, its
doctrine would be corrupted; others feared that
people with independent access to the
scriptures would not need the church and
would cease to support it financially.

Consequently, Wycliffe
was denounced as a
heretic and treated
accordingly. After he
died and was buried, his
bones were dug up and
burned. But God’s work
could not be stopped.

While some were inspired to translate the
Bible, others were inspired to prepare the
means to publish it. By 1455 Johannes
Gutenberg had invented a press with movable
type, and the Bible was one of the first books
he printed. For the first time it was possible to
print multiple copies of the scriptures and at a
cost many could afford.

The Common folk…
Some paid whatever they could
for the scriptures in English, “to
taste the sweetness of God’s
Holy Word…Some paid more,
some paid less: some gave a
load of hay for few chapters of
St. Paul or St. James.
Thousands (perhaps tens of
Thousands) read of went into
secret readings of them…
((Wide as the Waters, The
Story of the English Bible and
the Revolution it Inspired;
Benson Bobrick. P.73)

The Forbidden Book…
The Bible was worth more than life itself to
many of these ancient Christians, and so it
is today to those who understand its true
value. “The forbidden book was often read
by night, and those who had not been
themselves educated listened with eagerness
to the reading of others; but to read it, and
to hear it read, were alike forbidden.

Copies of the New Testament were also
borrowed from hand to hand through a
wide circle, and poor people gathered their
pennies and formed copartneries for the
purchase of the sacred volume. Those who
could afford it gave five marks for the
coveted manuscript (a very large amount of
money in that day), and others in their
penury gave gladly for a few leaves of St.
Peter and St. Paul a load of hay. …

Some committed portions to memory, that
they might recite them to relatives and
friends. Thus Alice Colins was commonly
sent for to the meetings, ‘to recite unto them
the Ten Commandments and the Epistles of
Peter and James.’ …(Eadie, History of the
English Bible, I, pp. 91, 92, 93).

Ballard, M. Russell, The Miracle of the Holy Bible , CR
April 2007
William Tyndale gave his life because he
believed so deeply in the power of the Bible.
He said, "The nature of God's word is, that
whosoever read it, or hear it reasoned and
disputed before him, it will begin immediately
to make him every day better and better, till he
be grown into a perfect man" (in S. Michael Wilcox,
Fire in the Bones: William Tyndale-Martyr, Father of the
English Bible [2004], xv).

Thomas Fuller…
“To Lutterworth they come, Sumner,
Commissarie, Official, Chancellour, Proctors,
Doctors, and the Servants … take, what was left,
out of the grave, and burnt them to ashes, and
cast them into Swift a Neighbouring Brook
running hard by. Thus this Brook hath conveyed
his ashes into Avon; Avon into Severn; Severn
into the narrow Seas; they, into the main Ocean.
And thus the Ashes of Wickliff are the Emblem
of his Doctrine, which now, is dispersed all the
World over.”

In 1382, a synod of Bishops met at Blackfriars
in London to discuss Wycliffe’s literary
achievements. It was theater and not very good
theater at that. Their minds were made up
before the meeting began. Wycliffe’s
translation was declared heretical…

Burning of Wycliffe
To make sure the skull and bones were burned to
ashes, the executioner broke them up with a
mattock. At last the ashes were carefully swept into
a barrow and taken to the little bridge and cast into
the Swift, a tributary of the Avon.
The vexation was deep. And old The Catholic
Church understood exactly what Wycliffe’s
presence meant, that there was something insidious
and unstoppable about this trouble making little
man. (David Teems, Majestie: The King behind the
King James Bible, P.220-222)

John Wycliffe
The Council of Constance declared Wycliffe
(on 4 May 1415) a stiff-necked heretic and
under the ban of the Church. It was decreed
that his books be burned and his remains be
exhumed. The exhumation was carried out in
1428 when, at the command of Pope Martin V,
his remains were dug up, burned, and the ashes
cast into the River Swift, which flows through
Lutterworth.

John Wycliffe
This is the most final of all posthumous attacks
on John Wycliffe, but previous attempts had
been made before the Council of Constance. The
Anti-Wycliffite Statute of 1401 extended
persecution to Wycliffe's remaining followers.
The "Constitutions of Oxford" of 1408 aimed to
reclaim authority in all ecclesiastical matters,
specifically naming John Wycliffe in a ban on
certain writings, and noting that translation of
Scripture into English is a crime punishable by
charges of heresy.

So Much StrawSo Much Straw
"I can do no more."I can do no more.
Such things haveSuch things have
been revealed to mebeen revealed to me
that all that I havethat all that I have
written seems to mewritten seems to me
as so much straw."as so much straw."

Martin LutherMartin Luther
1483-15461483-1546
Great German Reformer, posted 95 thesis on
the door at Wittenberg; Wrote out spoke out
against the Papacy for the sale of indulgences
and the churches material preoccupations. He
translated the New Testament form Greek into
German so that the Bible might be read by the
common people. Spoke against Holy Relics
and worshipping saints. When Luther was
ordered to give up his work, he boldly
declared:

1483-15461483-1546
“Unless I be refuted by Scriptural testimonies,
or by clear arguments—for I believe neither
the Pope nor the councils alone, since it is
clear that they have often erred and
contradicted one another—I am convinced by
the passages of Scripture, which I have cited,
and my conscience is bound in the word of
God. I cannot and will not recant anything;
since it is insecure and dangerous to act
against conscience.”

1483-15461483-1546
“Unless I be refuted by
Scriptural testimonies, or by
clear arguments—for I
believe neither the Pope nor
the councils alone, since it is
clear that they have often
erred and contradicted one
another—I am convinced by
the passages of Scripture,
which I have cited, and my
conscience is bound in the
word of God. I cannot and
will not recant anything;
since it is insecure and
dangerous to act against
conscience.”

Dieter F. Uchtdorf Ensign May
2008
In fact, my son recently
discovered that one of
our family lines
connects back to Martin
Luther himself.

Joseph Saw them…
The things the Prophet beheld in vision were
many and varied. After reading a book on the
Christian martyrs, he returned it to its owner
with the comment, "I have, by the aid of the
Urim and Thummim, seen those martyrs, and
they were honest, devoted followers of Christ,
according to the light they possessed, and they
will be saved." Stevenson, op. cit., p. 46

Joseph Saw them…
By vision Joseph beheld that he and several of
his associates descended through related blood
lines that ran back through the aristocracy of
Europe. (Hyrum L. Andrus, Joseph Smith, the
Man and the Seer, p.110)

He called the Epistle of James "an epistle of
straw," finding little in it that pointed to Christ
and His saving work.
Martin Luther : The Book of James

“Such were the teachings
and lives of the great
reformers. Their deeds were
heroic, their contributions
many, their sacrifices great
—but they did not restore
the gospel of Jesus Christ.”
—President Thomas S.
Monson, First Counselor
in the First Presidency,
“They Showed the Way,”
Ensign, May 1997, 51.

A Plowboy to know more than theA Plowboy to know more than the
Pope…William TyndalePope…William Tyndale
"I defy the Pope and all"I defy the Pope and all
his laws, and declaredhis laws, and declared
that if God would sparethat if God would spare
his life he would makehis life he would make
the plow-boy to knowthe plow-boy to know
more of the scripturesmore of the scriptures
than the Pope himselfthan the Pope himself
knew.”knew.”

William TyndaleWilliam Tyndale
William Tyndale, who gave
us the first printed English
Bible, was brought before
the church after having
been betrayed by a
supposed friend, strangled,
and then burned at the
stake. Such has been the
fate of many martyrs who
have dared declare the truth
to a bigoted and
unbelieving world.

Anglican Church of England…
Turbulent political times brought change.
Because of a disagreement with the church in
Rome, King Henry VIII declared himself the
head of the church in England and required
that copies of the English Bible be placed in
every parish church. Hungry for the gospel,
people flocked to these churches, reading the
scriptures to one another until their voices
gave out.

A Candle…
The Bible was also used as a primer to teach
reading. Though martyrdoms continued across
Europe, the dark night of ignorance was
coming to an end. Declared one preacher
before being burned, “We shall this day light
such a candle, by God’s Grace, in England, as
I trust shall never be put out.”

The Hand of Divine Providence
ApostasyApostasy
RenaissanceRenaissance
ReformationReformation
Age of DiscoveryAge of Discovery
The Establishment of a Free Nation-Through the Tribe ofThe Establishment of a Free Nation-Through the Tribe of
Ephriam…Ephriam…
Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence
American RevolutionAmerican Revolution
The great Awakening of ReligionThe great Awakening of Religion
The RestorationThe Restoration

Marco Polo
The Polos stayed in Kubilai's
court for a year, answering his
questions about the rulers of
Europe and the Christian religion.
Kubilai Khan became sufficiently
intrigued by Christianity to
dispatch them back to Europe
with a request to the Pope for 100
doctors of divinity to teach him
and his people about this strange
religion. In addition the Khan,
who was a great collector of
religious relics of all kinds, asked
them to bring back a sample of
holy oil from Jerusalem. When
the Polos arrived back in Europe
they found that Pope Gregory had
died and the religious situation
was in a disarray.

Handwritten notes by Christopher Columbus on the
latin edition of Marco Polo's Le livre des merveilles.

Finally after numerous arrangements for
acquiring religious instructors fell through, the
brothers concluded they had no choice but to
return to Cathay and explain their failure to the
Khan. However, according to researcher
Richard Humble, they were able to obtain the
holy oil he had requested, a feat which much
impressed the Khan and deepened his trust in
them (Marco Polo 111).
Marco Polo

When was the Chronometer
invented?...what does it do?

The Light Grew Brighter…
By God’s grace, the light grew brighter.
Aware of the divisions within his own country,
English King James I agreed to a new official
version of the Bible. It has been estimated that
over 80 percent of William Tyndale’s
translations of the New Testament and a good
portion of the Old Testament (the Pentateuch,
or Genesis through Deuteronomy, and Joshua
through Chronicles) were retained in the King
James Version.

In time, that version
would find its way to a
new land and be read by
a 14-year-old plowboy
named Joseph Smith. Is
it any wonder that the
King James Version is
the approved English
Bible of The Church of
Jesus Christ of Latter-
day Saints today?

Religious persecution in England continued
under James’s son Charles, and many were
prompted to seek freedom in new lands.
Among them were the Pilgrims, who landed in
the Americas in 1620, the very part of the
world Columbus had explored over 100 years
earlier.

When was the Sextant invented?

Columbus was inspired:
(1 Nephi 13; Ether 2:12;2 Ne.1:6)
And I looked an beheld a man among the
Gentiles, who was separated from the seed
of my brethren by the many waters; and I
beheld that the spirit of God came downthe spirit of God came down
and wrought upon the manand wrought upon the man; and he went
forth upon the many waters, even unto the
seed of my brethren, who were in the
promised land. (See 1 Nephi 13:12)

Gen. 49:1
The Book of Prophecies is a compilation of apocalyptical religious
revelations written by Christopher Columbus in the 15th and 16th
centuries C.E.
This journal of sorts conveys the medieval notion that…
1. Christianity must be spread throughout the world
2. The Garden of Eden must be found - It was the common belief in
the Middle Ages that the biblical Garden of Eden must have been on
the top of a crag or mountaintop so that it would not have been
affected by the first destruction of the world by flood. Upon arriving
in Venezuela in 1498, Columbus must have surely thought that the
verdant crags of Venezuela bore the garden of the Old Testament of
the Bible.
Columbus and Biblical Prophecy?

The Age of Discovery
The Promised land and a covenant
Lineage (Gen. 12:3; Abr. 2:8-11)
Role of Ephraim: Gen. 49:26, Isa. 2:1
Columbus: Isa. 49:1
Magellan
Mayflower: Isa. 29:13-14

Brought to a land of Liberty
6 Wherefore, I, Lehi, prophesy according to the
workings of the Spirit which is in me, that
there shall none come into this land save theythere shall none come into this land save they
shall be brought by the hand of the Lord .shall be brought by the hand of the Lord .
7 Wherefore, this land is consecrated unto himthis land is consecrated unto him
whom he shall bring. And if it so be that theywhom he shall bring. And if it so be that they
shall serve him according to theshall serve him according to the
commandments which he has given, it shall becommandments which he has given, it shall be
a land of liberty unto them; therefore they shalla land of liberty unto them; therefore they shall
never be brought down into captivitynever be brought down into captivity; if so it
shall be because of iniquity; for if iniquity shall
abound cursed shall be the land for their sakes, but
unto the righteous it shall be blessed forever.(see 2
Nephi 1:6-7)

How has God used the Blood of
Ephraim?
. . .and the remnants of the seed of Ephraim who
were scattered from Palestine and who colonized
the shores of the Caspian Sea and thence made
their way into the north of Europe, western
Scandinavia and northern Germany, penetrating
Scotland and England, and conquering those
nations and reigning as monarchs of Great Britain,
and mingling their seed with the Anglo Saxon‑
race, and spreading over the waters a fruitful vine,
as predicted by Jacob, whose branches should run
over the wall. Their blood has permeated
European society, and it coursed in the veins of
the early colonists of America.

And when the books shall be opened and the lineage
of all men is known, it will be found that they have
been first and foremost in everything noble among
men in the various nations in breaking off the shackles
of kingcraft and priestcraft and oppression of every
kind, and the foremost among men in upholding and
maintaining the principles of liberty and freedom upon
this continent and establishing a representative
government, and thus preparing the way for the
coming forth forth of the fullness of the everlasting
Gospel.
Ephraim?

… these are they that will be found in the front ranks of all
that is noble and good in their day and time, and who will be
found among those whose efforts are directed in establishing
upon the earth those heaven born principles which tend‑
directly to blessing and salvation, to ameliorating the
condition of their fellow men, and elevating them in the scale‑
of their being; and among those also who receive the fullness
of the Everlasting Gospel, and the keys of Priesthood in the
last days, through whom God determined to gather up again
unto himself a peculiar people, a holy nation, a pure seed that
shall stand upon Mount Zion as saviors, not only to the house
of Israel but also to the house of Esau.. ( Erastus Snow J.D. 23:186-7)
God had His Eye on Ephraim

From my first youth onward, I was a seaman and
have so continued until this day . . . Wherever on
the earth a ship has been, I have been. I have
spoken and treated with learned men, priests, and
laymen. Latin’s and Greeks, Jews and Moors, and
with many men of other faiths. The Lord was wellThe Lord was well
disposed to my desire, and he bestowed upon medisposed to my desire, and he bestowed upon me
courage and understanding. Knowledge of
seafaring He gave me in abundance, of astrology
as much as was needed, and of geometry and
astronomy likewise.
Columbus’s Journal

Further, He gave me joy and cunning in drawing
maps and thereon cities, mountains, rivers islands,
and harbors each one in its place. I have seen and
truly studied all books--cosmographies, histories,
chronicles, and philosophies, and other arts, for which
the Lord unlocked my mind, sent me upon the sea,Lord unlocked my mind, sent me upon the sea,
and gave me fire for the deed.and gave me fire for the deed. Those who heard of my
enterprise called it foolish, mocked me and laughed.
But who can doubt but that the Holy Ghost inspiredBut who can doubt but that the Holy Ghost inspired
meme? (Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 1930, pp.19-20)

Columbus Spencer W. Kimball
In 1950, Elder Spencer W. Kimball testified that God
"inspired a little boy, Christopher Columbus, to stand
on the quays in Genoa, Italy, and yearn for the sea.
He was filled with the desire to sail the seas, and he
fulfilled a great prophecy made long, long ago that
this land, chosen above all other lands, should be
discovered. And so when he was mature, opportunity
was granted to him to brave the unknown seas, to find
this land . . . and to open the door, as it were"
(Kimball 427).

The Hand of Divine ProvidenceThe Hand of Divine Providence
ApostasyApostasy
RenaissanceRenaissance
ReformationReformation
Age of DiscoveryAge of Discovery
The Establishment of a Free NationThe Establishment of a Free Nation
Through the Tribe of Ephriam…Through the Tribe of Ephriam…
Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence
American RevolutionAmerican Revolution
The Great Religious AwakeningThe Great Religious Awakening

Nephi saw in Vision:
The Lords hand in leading the Pilgrims to the land of
Promise
13. And it came to pass that I beheld the spirit of
the God, that it wrought upon other gentiles; and
they went forth out of captivity, upon the many
waters...
15. And I beheld the spirit of the Lord, that it was
upon the Gentiles, and they did prosper and obtain
the Land for their inheritance...( 1 Nephi 13:13,
15)

Mayflower Families:
The Lord was writing the story of the
restoration and the birth of this nation
long before the ink was dry on the
parchment of the Mayflower compact.
Hidden among those signatures were men
and women whose foreordained
descendant’s would fulfill the prophecies
of the ancients, revolutionize religious
and political thought, and change the
course of history forever. God had his
eyes upon these families from before the
foundations of the earth.

Brigham Young explained:
It was decreed in the councils of eternity long before
the foundations of the earth were laid, that he, Joseph
Smith, should be the man in the last dispensation of the
world, to bring forth the word of God to the people, and
receive the fulness of the keys and powers of the
priesthood of the son of God. The Lord had His eyes
upon him, and upon his father, and upon his fathers
father, and upon his progenitors clear back to
Abraham, and from Abraham to the flood, and from
the flood to Enoch, and from Enoch to Adam. He has
watched that family and that blood as it has
circulated from its fountain to the birth of that man.
(JD 7:289-90)

John Howland
During their Atlantic voyage John, fifth great
grandfather of the Prophet Joseph, narrowly
escaped drowning at sea. During a violent storm,
the Mayflower was pitching and rolling with the
waves, young John was walking above the
gratings on deck, his youthful body was hurled
into the briny sea. “But it pleased God wrote the
‘Pilgrim Chronicler’, “that he caught hold of the
top sail Halliards which hung overboard”. Holding
with a vice like grip to the rope, he was plunged
into the water.

In the fury of the storm he hung on until some
of his friends managed to rescue him by pulling
him back into the boat. For days he suffered after
this harrowing experience. The ship finally arrive
in Cape Cod on a Saturday. However the did not
disembark until Monday so they could worship
God on Sunday. Him whom they had come to trust
and serve.
As a youth John Howland was a servant of
John Carver first governor of Plymouth colony.
John Howland died at Plymouth in February 1673,
in his words he described why he had come to
America: “to keep a good conscience, and to walk
in such a way as God has prescribed in His words
is the thing to which I prefer to life itself.(Walter C.
Erdman, Sources of Power in Famous lives, (Nashville Cokesbury Press,
1937))

Stephen Hopkins
One of Gordon B. Hinckley’s ancestors
Stephen Hopkins sailed on the Mayflower in 1620,
he was the forth signature on the Mayflower
compact. (Note:Thomas Hinckley progenitor
of President Hinckley became governor of
Plymouth colony)
Seven of Joseph Smiths progenitors sailed with
the Pilgrims on the Mayflower; three of the seven
signed the Mayflower Compact which contained
the words “in the Name of God”. This would
prove the beginning of American Religious
Democracy. The Saints had arrived at the
Peninsula of Living Waters.

The Hinckley’s
The first Hinckley to arrive in America was
Samuel Hinckley, in 1635, fifteen years
after the Mayflowers landing at Plymouth
bay. Samuel’s son Thomas would become
the Governor of the Plymouth Colony from
1681-1692. He was considered “a man of
more than ordinary ability and
influence”(see Governors of New
Plymouth, p.202)

Roger Williams and New Apostles
Dear Elder Holland, thank you for the
testimony you bore in this conference
of the Savior and His love. Forty-one
years ago I prayed earnestly to the
Lord and told Him I wished I had
lived on earth when the Apostles
walked upon it, when there had been
a true Church, and when Christ’s
voice was still heard. Within a year of
that prayer Heavenly Father sent two
LDS missionaries to me, and I found
that all those hopes could be realized.
Perhaps some hour when you are tired
or troubled, this note will help you
remember why hearing your voice
and shaking your hand is so important
to me and to millions just like me.
Your sister in love and gratitude,
Gloria Clements.”

Roger Williams and New Apostles
Well, Sister Clements, your very tender note recalled for me a similar hope
and almost the same language once used in my own family. In the
tumultuous years of the first settlements in this nation, Roger Williams, my
volatile and determined 10th great-grandfather, fled—not entirely of his
own volition—from the Massachusetts Bay Colony and settled in what is
now the state of Rhode Island. He called his headquarters Providence, the
very name itself revealing his lifelong quest for divine interventions and
heavenly manifestations. But he never found what he felt was the true New
Testament church of earlier times. Of this disappointed seeker the
legendary Cotton Mather said, “Mr. Williams [finally] told [his followers]
‘that being himself misled, he had [misled them,’ and] he was now satisfied
that there was none upon earth that could administer baptism [or any of the
ordinances of the gospel], … [so] he advised them therefore to forego all
… and wait for the coming of new apostles.” 8 Roger Williams did not live
to see those longed-for new Apostles raised up, but in a future time I hope
to be able to tell him personally that his posterity did live to see such

Cotton Mather said,
“ Mr. Williams finally told
his followers ‘that being
misled himself, he had misled
them, and he was now
satisfied that there was none
upon the earth that could
administer baptism or any
other ordinance of the
gospel…so he advised them
therefore to forego all… and
wait for the coming of new
apostles. ”Roger Williams
did not live to see those
longed for new Apostles
raised up.

John Lathrup or Lothropp
Reverend Lathrup was a minister in the town of
Egerton in the early 17th century. When he could
no longer assent to what was taught by the
church of England he became the leader to a large
group of “Seekers”. So called because they were
seeking for the a religion which taught the faith of
the ancients with apostles, prophets the Holy
Ghost and a fulness of the truths found in the
scriptures.

The seekers who followed Lathrup were called
Independents. For eight years they met in London
until the persecution got so bad they could no longer
meet publicly. When the hiding place of the
Independents was discovered by the Bishop of
London. During the beginning of the evening service
of rev. Lathrup the officers of the state church of
London rushed in and arrested Rev. Lathrup and 42
members of the Independent faith. They were fettered
and taken to the old Clink Prison in Newgate. Two
years later all were released except Rev. Lathrup.

While he languished in the filthy old prison his
wife succumbed to a terminal sickness. He was
allowed to see her before her death and provide tender
comfort as she passed away.
After his wife’s internment he returned to the
loathsome confinement of the Clink Prison. His
children were now left without a father or mother,
orphaned, wretched and starving, and uncared for by
the community, perhaps because of the threat of state
reprisal...

When their destitute circumstances were made
known to the Bishop of London, he had sympathy on
John and released him. Rev. Lathrup fled with his
children to America where he could worship God
according to the dictates of his own conscience. In
New England he became widely known as the
“Beloved Pastor”. (Archibald F. Bennett, Lathrup genealogy, The Utah
Genealogical and Historical Magazine, Salt Lake City Utah: The Utah genealogical Society.
April 1929 p. 49-51)

Rev. JOHN LATHROP 1584 - 1653 (md. Hannah House)
Jane Lathrop (md. Samuel Fuller, son of
Edward of the Mayflower)
Thomas Lathrop
Mary Fuller John Fuller Ann Lathrop Mary Lathrop
John Williams John Fuller Shubael Fuller Hannah Hough Hannah French
Joseph
Williams
William Fuller Lydia Fuller Christopher Pratt Hannah Child
Wm. W.
Williams
Rebecca Fuller Lydia Gates Obadiah Pratt Jonathan Fay
Frederick G.
WILLIAMS
Oliver
COWDERY
Lucy Mack Jared Pratt Jonathan Fay, Jr.
Hyrum and Joseph
SMITH
Anson, Wm. D., Parley P.
Orson & Nelson PRATT
Samuel Prescott
Philips Fay
Pres. Joseph F.
SMITH
Helaman Pratt Samuel Howard Fay
Pres. Joseph
Fielding SMITH
Anne Amelia Pratt Harriet Eleanor Fay
George ROMNEY Samuel Prescott Bush
Prescott Sheldon Bush
George Herbert Walker
BUSH
George W. BUSH
49th
Pres

Rev. JOHN LATHROP 1584 - 1653 (md. Hannah House)
Samuel Lathrop (md. Elizabeth Scudder) Joseph Lathrop
Martha Lathrop John Lathrop Joseph Lathrop Abigale Lathrop Samuel Lathrop Elizabeth Lathrop Thomas Lathrop
John Moss Ruth Lathrop Hannah Lathrop Temperance Lathrop Martha Huntington Hannah Lathrop Martha Royce Elizabeth Lathrop
Joseph Moss Ruth Post Samuel
Thompson
Temperance Bishop Noah Grant Hannah Perkins Sarah North Elizabeth Bartlett
Amos Morse Jeremiah
Bingham
Lot Thompson Rev. Ariel Holmes Noah Grant Lydia Huntington Joseph Woodford Zilpah Wadsworth
Wm Amos Morse Jeremiah
Bingham
Beulah
Thompson
Oliver Wendell
HOLMES
Poet
Jesse R. Grant Lydia Bill Dinah Woodford Henry Wadsworth
LONGFELLOW
(poet)
Teressa Morse Lucius A.
Bingham
Wilford
WOODRUFF
Oliver Wendell
HOLMES Supreme
Court Justice
Ulysses S. GRANT
18th
Pres
Susan Howland Aphek Woodruff
Serial L.
Chamberlain
Levi Perry
Bingham
Mary Rebecca
Aspinwall
Wilford
WOODRUFF
Teressa A. Redd Perry C.
Bingham
James Roosevelt
Marion G.
ROMNEY
Louisa E.
Bingham
Franklin Delano
ROOSEVELT
32nd
Pres.
Pres. Harold B.
LEE

Selected Descendants of John
Lothropp
Samuel Huntington
Signer of Declaration
of Independence
George Bush & Son
Ulysses S. Grant
Franklin D. Roosevelt
US Presidents
Frederick Augustus Porter
Barnard(Columbia)
Kingman Brewster, Jr. (Yale)
Daniel Coit Gilman (University
of California and John
Hopkins)
John Hiram Lathrop (First and
Fifth President of the
University of Missouri;
President of Wisconsin and
Indiana)
Charles Seymour (Yale)
Amasa Leland Stanford
(Founder of Stanford)
University Presidents

OTHER PROMINENT PEOPLE:
Louis Staunton Auchincloss (novelist)
Robert Bacon (Secretary of State)
Terrel Bell (U.S. Secretary of Education)
Sir Robert Laird Borden (Prime Minister of Canada)
Harold Hart Crane (essayist)
Charlotte Saunders Cushman (actress)
Thomas E. Dewey (twice presidential candidate)
Allen Dulles (director of the C.I.A.)
John Foster Dulles (Secretary of State)
Alfred Carl Fuller (founder, Fuller Brush Company)
Melville Weston Fuller (Chief Justice, U.S. Supreme Court)
Franklin Henry Giddings (sociologist)
Oliver Wendell Holmes (U.S. Supreme Court Justice)
Charles Edward Ives (composer)
Donald Lines Jacobus (genealogist)
George Frost Kennan (diplomat, Soviet affairs expert)
Barnabas Lothrop (Assistant Governor to Governor Thomas Hinckley of the Plymouth
Colony)
Eli Whitney (inventor of the cotton gin)

In That little Hall in
Philadelphia:
Thomas Jefferson tells that on the day of our
nations birth in the little hall in Philadelphia,
debate had raged for hours. The men gathered
there were honorable men hard pressed by a king
who had flouted the very laws they were willing to
obey. Even so to sign a declaration of
independence was such an irretrievable act that the
walls resounded with the words “treason, the
gallows the headman’s axe” and the issue
remained in doubt. Then a man rose and spoke.
Jefferson described him as not a young man but
one who had to summon all his energy for an
impassioned plea.

He cited the grievances that had
brought them to this moment and
finally his voice failing, he said they
may turn every tree into a gallows,
every home into a grave, and yet the
words of that parchment can never
die. To the mechanic in the
workshop they speak hope; To the
slave in the mines, freedom. Sign
that parchment if the next moment
the noose is around your neck. For
that parchment will be the textbook
of freedom, the bible of the rights of
man forever.” He fell back
exhausted,

Who was He?
the 56 delegates swept up by his eloquence,
rushed forward and signed a document destined to
be as immortal as a work of man can be. When
they turned to thank him for his timely oratory, he
was not to be found, not could any one be found
who knew who he was or how he had come in or
gone out through the locked and guarded doors.
Fifty six men, a little band so unique, we have
never seen their like since, had pledged their lives,
their fortunes and their sacred honor.” (Ronald Reagan
-Seattle Wash., Oct. 12, 1968)

Common Sense was first published
anonymously by Thomas Paine
It is regarded as the most
influential piece of literature
leading to the American
Revolution. Paine wrote that :
““We have it in our power toWe have it in our power to
Begin the world overBegin the world over
again.”again.”

Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson wrote a
Letter to a friend about the
need for restoration…. “I
hope that the genuine and
simple religion of Jesus
Christ may be restored, for
it hath become so muffled
up in mysteries that it is
concealed from the vulgar
eyes. (Ivan J. Barrett,
Joseph Smith and the
Restoration ,p.5)

John Adams
D&C 101:78-80
[I]t is religion and morality alone which can
establish the principles upon which freedom
can securely stand. The only foundation of a
free constitution is pure virtue.
(Source: John Adams, The Works of John
Adams, Second President of the United States,
Charles Francis Adams, editor (Boston: Little,
Brown, 1854), Vol. IX, p. 401, to Zabdiel
Adams on June 21, 1776.)

[W]e have no government armed with power
capable of contending with human passions
unbridled by morality and religion. . . . Our
constitution was made only for a moral and
religious people. It is wholly inadequate to the
government of any other.
(Source: John Adams, The Works of John
Adams, Second President of the United States,
Charles Francis Adams, editor (Boston: Little,
Brown, and Co. 1854), Vol. IX, p. 229,
October 11, 1798.)

John Hancock
.   John Hancock who
pledged  his life his
fortune and his sacred
honor would associate
with the Smith’s of
Topsfield. Latter his
relative Levi Hancock
would become a member
of the first quorum  70's in
this dispensation.
Levi as a missionary
defended religious freedom
in the name of his ancestor
John Hancock to further the
work of the Lord,
spellbinding an angry  mob,
who many of which would
latter join the cause of
Christ.


         John

Revolutionary War:

16 And it came to pass that I, Nephi, beheld that
the Gentiles who had gone forth out of captivity
did humble themselves before the Lord; and the
power of the Lord was with them.
17 And I beheld that their mother Gentiles
were gathered together upon the many waters,
and upon the land also, to battle against them.
18 And I beheld that the power of God was
with them, and also that the wrath of God was
upon all those who had gathered against them to
battle.
19 And I, Nephi, beheld that the Gentiles that
had gone out of captivity were delivered by the
power of God out of the hands of all other
nations.(see 1 Nephi 13:16-19)

Peter Francisco
No one knows for sure where Peter Francisco
came from. It is thought that he may have been
kidnapped from the island of Terceira, in the
Azores, by Portuguese sailors who hoped to
sell him in the American colonies as an
indentured servant. If that was the plan
something went wrong with it, because they
abandoned him on the wharf at Hopewell,
Virginia, a few miles downriver from
Richmond. He was five years old.

Boyd K. Packer, Let Not Your Heart Be Troubled ,
p.57-58
Peter was taken into the
home of Judge Anthony
Winston, an uncle of Patrick
Henry's. Peter was present
when the famous "Give me
liberty or give me death"
speech was given. It did
something to the boy. He
was sixteen years old and a
strapping six feet six inches
when he joined Company
Nine of the Virginia Tenth
Regiment on 10 October
1776.

p.57-58
His first fight was the ill-fated Battle of
Brandywine Creek. There he was wounded in
the leg and removed to a Moravian farmhouse
for treatment. General Lafayette was there
being treated for a bullet wound. The general
asked the boy if he could do something for
him. Peter requested a sword big enough to
match his physical stature. The general sent
him one. It was five feet long.

p.57-58
Peter fought at Germantown and suffered
through Valley Forge. At Monmouth he took a
musket ball in his thigh. At the British
stronghold at Stony Point he was the second
man over the wall and fought on despite a
nine-inch bayonet slash across his abdomen.

At nineteen he returned home with a musket
ball in one of his legs. It would cause him pain
for the rest of his life.

p.57-58
Within a year he had re-
enlisted and was
fighting with the
Virginia militia in the
South. At Camden,
South Carolina, the
militia was defeated.
Peter rescued a cannon
and a colonel from
behind enemy lines.

At Guilford Courthouse
a British soldier stabbed
through the calf of
Peter's leg with a
bayonet. Later another
pierced his other leg at
the knee, slicing all the
way to the hip bone
before Peter fell from
his horse.

He stayed conscious long enough to crawl to a
tree. He was then twenty-one.
Near the end of the war he emerged from a
tavern at Burkeville, Virginia, to face nine
British soldiers who were scavenging for
supplies. Peter was completely unarmed.
While some of them looted the tavern, two
soldiers held him at sword point. One of them
took an interest in Peter's silver knee-buckles.
Presently the soldier was dead and Peter held
the sword. Six British survivors fled to the
advance guard of Tarleton's Legion.

The entire guard, four hundred strong, retreated, not
knowing that the "ambush" was only one man.
There is more, much more, but that should suffice.
Question: Why isn't Peter Francisco remembered?
Answer: Because he wasn't general, even an officer.
He was offered a battlefield commission but had to
refuse-literacy was required for a commission. Peter
Francisco could neither read nor write.
Peter lived to raise a family and died 16 JanuaryPeter lived to raise a family and died 16 January
1830, when he was about seventy years old.1830, when he was about seventy years old. Boyd
K. Packer, Let Not Your Heart Be Troubled , p.57-
58

Orson Hyde: Moroni the
Prince of America
In those early times, our men were few and our
resources limited. Poverty was among the most
potent enemies we had to encounter; yet our arms
were successful; and it may not be amiss to ask
here, by whose power victory so often perched
on our banner? It was by the agency of that same
angel of that appeared unto Joseph Smith and
revealed to him the history of the early inhabitants
of this country...that same angel presides over the
destinies of America, and feels a lively interest in
all our doings.

Moroni-Washington
He was in the camp of Washington, and by the invisible
hand led on our Fathers to conquest and victory, and all this to
open and prepare the way for the church and Kingdom of God
to be established on the western hemisphere, for the
redemption of Israel and the salvation of the world.

This same angel was
with Columbus and
gave him impressions,
by dreams and by
visions...regarding this
new world....

Columbus…
"The angel of God
helped him-was with
him on the stormy deep,
calmed the troubled
elements, and guided his
frail vessel to the
desired haven" (JD
6:368)

Under the guardianship of this same angel, or prince of
America, have the United states grown, increased and
flourished like the Sturdy oak by the rivers of water.
But since the prophets have been slain, the Saints
persecuted, despoiled of their goods, banished from their
homes, and no earthly arm to interpose for their rescue... the
Guardian Angel of the United States will fly to a remote
distance from their borders, and the anger of the Almighty
wax hot against them in causing them to drink from the cup of
bitterness and division, and the very dregs stirred up by the
hands of the enemies of the saints in the day of great distress
and anguish;

Moroni?
and all this because they
laid not to heart the
martyrdom of the saints
and the prophets,
avenged not their blood
by punishing the
murderers, neither
succored nor aided the
saints after they were
despoiled of their goods
and homes....

Moroni
...when justice is satisfied and the blood of the
martyrs atoned for, the Guardian Angel of
America will return to his station, resume his
charge, and restore the Constitution of our
country to the respect and veneration of the
people; for it was given by the inspiration of
God.
(Journal of Discourses, Vol. 6, p.368-369)

Revolutionary WarRevolutionary War: :
16 And it came to pass that I, Nephi, beheld that
the Gentiles who had gone forth out of captivity
did humble themselves before the Lord; and the
power of the Lord was with them.
17 And I beheld that their mother Gentiles
were gathered together upon the many waters,
and upon the land also, to battle against them.
18 And I beheld that the power of God was
with them, and also that the wrath of God was
upon all those who had gathered against them to
battle.
19 And I, Nephi, beheld that the Gentiles that
had gone out of captivity were delivered by the
power of God out of the hands of all other
nations.(see 1 Nephi 13:16-19)

General George WashingtonGeneral George Washington
July 2, 1776July 2, 1776
The fate of unborn
millions will now
depend, under God,
on the courage and
conduct of this
army.(1776, p.

George Washington
Red Hair…about 6’2’’
Teeth
Uniform
French and Indian War…3 horses, 4 balls
Indian Chief came to Mt. Vernon
His inauguration…
Harvard Yard brawl (Trask)
Prayer Journal…

Washington wrote… it was an
instance of divine favor 1776 p.64
Captain John Manley on the Lee Captured
the British Brigg Nancy off Cape Ann.
(2,500 stands of arms, cannon, mortars,
flints, 40 tons of shot, 2,000 bayonets)

George Washington to Reed
January 14, 1776 p.79
The reflection upon my situation and that of this
army produces many uneasy hour when all around
me are wrapped in sleep….too little powder and
still no money….
I shall most religiously believe that the finger of
divine providence is in it, to blind the eyes of our
enemies; for if we get well through this month, it
must be for want of their knowing the
disadvantage we labor under.

King George’s speech to Parliament reaches
America…
Common Sense

1776
January Common Sense was first published
anonymously by Thomas Paine
It is regarded as the most influential
piece of literature leading to the
American Revolution. Paine wrote that
: “We have it in our power to
begin the world over again.”
March 4-5 Americans fortify Dorchester
Heights, overlooking Boston from the
south
March 17 Evacuation Day the British troops and
government officials and loyalists
sail out of Boston Harbor, never to
return.

Dorchester Heights
Knox and Benedict Arnold Capture fort
Ticonderoga in New York and drag 58 mortars and
cannon (12 and 18lbs…300 miles)-one giant brass
24 lb. cannon weighing 120,000 lbs. Lake George
Albany to Boston four crossings of the Hudson
River…heavy winds cruel thaw…lost some in the
River and pulled them out… Blizzard came on
Christmas day…then they had to go over the Mt.

General Knox-January 9, 1776 p.84
“It appeared to me almost a miracle that the
people with heavy loads should be able to
get up and down such hills”

Dorchester Heights
58 Artillery and works of pickets were all
erected in a single night without noticiable
noise…on the high ground overlooking and
in range of the British…

Battle of TrentonBattle of Trenton
(McCullough, 1776, p.281)(McCullough, 1776, p.281)
2400 Continental Army-
Battle set for 6AM arrived 3 hrs. late
Battle was over in 45 min.
900 prisoners 21 killed 90 wounded Hessians
4 Americans Wounded none Killed
On their feet all night wet cold weapons soaked 2
died frozen to death
Sheets of ice in the river

CHAPTER 57
Helaman recounts the taking of Antiparah and the surrender and later the
defense of Cumeni—His Ammonite striplings fight valiantly and all are
wounded, but none are slain—Gid reports the slaying and the escape of
the Lamanite prisoners. About 63 B.C
25 And it came to pass that there were two
hundred, out of my two thousand and sixty, who
had fainted because of the loss of blood;
nevertheless, according to the goodness of God,
and to our great astonishment, and also the joy of
our whole army, there was not one soul of them
who did perish; yea, and neither was there one
soul among them who had not received many
wounds.
(Book of Mormon | Alma 57:25)

George Washington:
No people can be bound to acknowledge and
adore the Invisible hand which conducts the
affairs of men more than the people of the
United States. Every step by which they have
advanced to the character of an independent nation
seems to have been distinguished by some token
of providential agency…along with an humble
anticipation of the future blessings which the past
seem to presage. (See first inaugural address, 30 April 1789, New
York City; in Jay M. Todd, A Standard of Freedom for This Dispensation, En.
Sept. 1987, p.17)

The Constitution of the United
States of America
77. According to the Laws and constitution of the
people, which I have suffered to be established,
and should be maintained for the rights and
protection of all flesh, according to just and Holy
principles;
78. That every man may act in doctrine
pertaining to futurity , according to the moral
agency which I have given unto him, that every
man may be accountable for his own sins in the
day of judgment.

79. Therefore, it is not right that any man should
                   be in bondage one to another.
80.  And for this purpose have I established the
Constitution Of this land , by the hands of wise
men whom I raised up unto this very purpose,
and redeemed the land by the shedding of
blood…
         95. That I may proceed to bring to pass my act,
my strange act, and perform my work, my
strange work that men may discern between the
righteous and the wicked , saith your God. (See D&C 101:77-
80, 95)

James Madison:

It is impossible for the man of pious
reflection not to perceive in [the
Constitution] a finger of that Almighty hand
which has been so frequently and signally
extended to our relief in the critical stages
of the revolution. ( The Federalist, ed.
Henry Cabot Lodge, New York : G.P.
Putnam’s Sons, 1983, no. 37, p.222)

Wilford Woodruff:
I am going to bear my testimony to this assembly,
if I never do it again in my life, that those men
who laid the foundation of the American
government and signed the Declaration of
Independence were the best spirits the God of
Heaven could find on the face of the earth. They
were choice spirits, not wicked men. General
Washington and all the men that labored for the
purpose were inspired of the Lord. Another thing I
am going to say here, because I have a right to say
it.

Every one of those men that signed the Declaration of
Independence with General Washington called me as an
apostle of the Lord Jesus Christ, in the temple at St.
George two consecutive nights, and demanded at my hands
that I should go forth and attend to the ordinances of the
house of God for them. ...would those spirits have called
upon me, as an Elder in Israel, to perform that work if they
had not been noble spirits before God? They would not. I bear
this testimony because it is true. The spirit of God bore record
to myself and the brethren while we were laboring in that way.
(LDS General Conference, April 10, 1898, p.89-90; see also Wilford Woodruff’s Journal,
Church Historians Office under call # Ms f 115 )

Joseph Smith:
Even this nation will be on the verge of
crumbling to pieces and tumbling to the
ground when the Constitution is on the
brink of ruin this people will be the staff
upon which the nation shall lean and they
shall bear the Constitution away from the
very verge of destruction. (Joseph Smith papers LDS
Church Historical Archives. Box 1, March 10, 1844. )

John Taylor:
When the people shall have torn to shreds the
Constitution of the United States the Elders of
Israel will be found holding it up to the nations of
the earth and proclaiming liberty and equal rights
to men, and extending the hand of fellowship to
the oppressed of all nations. This is part of the
program, and as long as we do what is right and
fear God, He will help us and stand by us under all
circumstances. (Journal of Discourses, vol. 21, p.8)

The Church of Jesus Christ Of Latter Day SaintsThe Church of Jesus Christ Of Latter Day Saints

The Morning Breaks the shadows flee
And then, after many generations had walked the
earth—so many of them in conflict, hatred, darkness,
and evil—there arrived the great, new day of the
Restoration. This glorious gospel was ushered in with
the appearance of the Father and the Son to the boy
Joseph. The dawn of the dispensation of the fulness
of times rose upon the world. All of the good, the
beautiful, the divine of all previous dispensations was
restored in this most remarkable season.

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