1. Planning.
Decide what the situation is
Decide what the situation should be
Decide what action is needed to make it so.
4 stages in planning
1.formulate
2.carry out.
3.compare outcomes.
4.take corrective action.
Strategic planning.
Long term planning – covering a period of up to 15 years.
Examining an organisation from within to judge if the present
structure,procedure,policies are adequate to meet long term goals.
Internal enviorment.
Examining all of the outside factors that affect the organisation.
External enviorment.
Entails forecasting the economic,social,political,and technological
change that may well affect the orgainsation.
Tactical planning.
Short term planning.
Far more specific than strategic planning
Designed to achieve short term objectives eg sales target in half year
Involves the imposition of control procedures to monitor a particular
course of action.Eg traditional = budgets or non traditional = break
even analysis.
10 steps in planning process
1 set objectives
2 examine the enviorment facing the organisation.
3 evaluate the resources facing the organisation.
4 examine and evaluate the competition
5 look to all alternative courses of action.
6 select a course of action.
7 set short term targets to achieve long term goals

2. 8 establish policies to achieve the targets
9 implement the olan and policies
10 monitor feedback.
CONTOL.
Control is the regulation of organisational activites in order to achieve
organisational objectives and goals.
2 major factors in control are
1 control requires a plan
2 clear organisational structure
4 steps to effective control
1 set standards
2 measure performance
3 compare what u have to what u expected
4 determine the need for corrective action if necessary.
Types of control
Budgetary
Non budgetary
Budget = a budget is a plan in numerical form.
Traditional
Sales budget
Production budget
Purchasing budget
Cost budget
Capital budget
Cash flow budget
Non traditional
Quality – customer service
Market research –
Inventory
Staff supervision and reviews