1. GROUP 7
ASSIGNMENT OF RUBELLA
THANKS
First we appreciate our teacher sahra Aden Yusuf who
Encourage us to make like research
Secondly we thanks our classmate
Thirdly we thanks our group for good participation and hard
working in this research

2. DEFINITION
Rubella (al so known as German measles) is an infection
caused by the rubella virus .although it most commonly
occurs in young children it can affect anyone. The illness
is ussually mild. But rubella in pregnancy women can
cause serious damage to the unborn
Child.
CAUSATIVE ORGANISM: rubella virus a member of the
togaviridae family of virus
MODE OF TRANSMISION: the virus is transmitted in
droplets from the nasopharynx by the airborn route or
contact .most infections are required from childer and
adults during uotbreak, but infants CRS can produce virus
from pharygeal secreation and urine for op to 1 year so

3. INCUBATION PERIOD: =15 to 20 days
PERIOD OF COMUNICABILITY= from 7 days before onset
of the rash to 4 days after. CRS infants contiue to shed
virus from up to 12 months .
OCCURANCE AND DISTARIBUTION= worldwide
distribution , but the importace of rubella of devoloping
countries has not been appriciated until comparatively
recently. It occurs in an epimic from probably due to the
number of susceptible in the population ,with children
becoming infected when they are 2-8 years of age in
urban areas and 6 to 12 years in an rural areas .

4. Clinical feature
 Fever
 Headache
 Runy nose
 Conjunctivitis ( inflammation of the lining of the eyelids
and eye)
 Rash
 Swollen glands
 Joint pain
Symptoms, particularly joint pains, are more severe in

5.  Susceptibility: all people are susceptible this disease
 Period of communicability:
Once man become carrier and remain so far years
This disease is not recognized until symptoms appear
 mood of transmission : Hepatitis transmitted by
Blood transfusion
Poor personal hygien
STDs
Fecal oral route
Mother to fetus by placenta
Food contamination specially hepatitis A

6. Signs and symptoms
Sudden onset of fever
Headache
Anorecxia cirrhosis
Nausue and vomiting
Abdominal tenderness
General malaise
Loss of appetite
 Yellowing of your skin and the whites of your eyes
(Jaundice)
Abdominal pai
Dark urine

7. Cirrhosis

8. Preventio and control
Vaccination is a best way of prevention
Personal hygien
 use of PPE
 hand washing
Well screening blood and blood product
Diagnosis:
History taken
Physical examination
Signs and sypmtoms
Laboratory Dx

9. Management and treatment
Bed rest
Give balance diet
Prohibited alcohol
Frequent meals
Avoiding fatty food and fluids
Give good fluid intake maintain
Liv-52 ds
 NB there is no specific treatment of hepatitis virus

10. LIV-52 DS

11. SYPHILIS
Def; a chronic sytemic disease affectimg
almost all parts of the body in a long time
mainly to sexually active age 20-35,
mainly urban
Agent: A spirochete called Trepanema
pallidum.
Reservoir: Human

12. Mode of transmission : direct contanct
with lession during sexual intervourse,
touching the lession, blood transfussion or
congenital mother to fetus.
 Edemiology: world wide decreased
during the last decades because of the
wide use of antibiotics.
systems. Congenital syphilis to fetus
causes congenital malformations, stillbirth
or abortions.
Diagnoses: seirologic tests, microscope
lesions

13. Symptoms /signs;
1. Primary syphilis painless ulcer on the
genitalia, called Chancer heals in few
weeks.
2.Secondary syphilis; generalized rush,
no itching, symmetric and very infectious
having lot of spirocht
3. Tirtiary syphlis; destructive non-
infectious lesion of the skin,bones,viscera
and mucosa.With disabling manifestations

14. COMPLICATION OF SYPHILIS
 Heart disease
 Partial , completing and general paralysis
of the insane mental effects
 Epilepsy
 Congenital syphilis may cause nasal
bone deformity high and arched palate
 In pregnant women with untreated early
syphilis 70-80% of infants will be infected
with stillbirths in up to one –third of cases

15. Prevention:
treat cases and contacts, screen blood,
screen sex workers, health education, safe
sex. Screen pregnant women and treat to
avoid congenital syphilis.
Screening of pregnant women and early
treatment to prevent congenital syphilis
 Screening of blood before transfusion.

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