7. Short-run equilibrium of industry and firm under perfect competition O £ (b) Firm Q (thousands) O (a) Industry P Q (millions) Q e S D P e MC AR D = AR = MR AC AC
8.
9. Long-run equilibrium under perfect competition O O P £ Q (millions) Q L Q (thousands) New firms enter Supernormal profits Profits return to normal (a) Industry (b) Firm S 1 D LRAC P L P 1 S e AR 1 D 1 AR L D L
10.
11. Long-run equilibrium of the firm under perfect competition £ Q O (SR)AC (SR)MC LRAC AR = MR D L LRAC = (SR)AC = (SR)MC = MR = AR