Acoustic emission sensors, equipment

Zohar Elman, Dr. Boris Muravin Acoustic Emission Apparatus and Data Acquisition February 24, 2011 לשכת המהנדסים , האדריכלים והאקדמאים במקצועות הטכנולוגיים בישראל אגודת מהנדסי מכונות - ענף בדיקות לא הורסות יום עיון השנתי בנושא פליטה אקוסטית More in www.muravin.com This presentation for acoustic emission education purposes only

Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],More in www.muravin.com

Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],More in www.muravin.com

[object Object],More in www.muravin.com

AE Sensor Design ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Typical AE sensor mounted on a test object. http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Other%20Methods/AE/AE_Equipment.htm More in www.muravin.com

AE Sensor Design ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Regular AE Sensor vs. an Integrated AE Sensor, Piezoelectric element and preamplifier. More in www.muravin.com Case Preamplifier Electrical Lead Piezoelectric element Couplant layer Wear Plate

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Piezoelectricity Effect Fig. 2: Piezoelectric element under compression/tensile stress. Fig. 1: When pulled, compressed or twisted, and electric charge is generated. The reverse is also true, when applying an electric charge to the element. http://www.newelectronics.co.uk/article/Default.aspx?articleid=22782&img=1 http://greencleen.wordpress.com/2010/09/22/talk-powered-cell-phones/ More in www.muravin.com

Piezoelectric Crystal Manufacturing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Before (left), during (middle) and after (right) poling. More in www.muravin.com

Modes of Vibration of Piezoelectric Element More in www.muravin.com

Temperature Effect on AE sensors Relation between temperatures and piezoelectric characteristics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],More in www.muravin.com

Frequency Response ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Fig. 6: typical Voltage vs. Time and Power [dB] vs. Frequency spectrum. More in www.muravin.com

Aperture Effect ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],More in www.muravin.com

Resonant Sensors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],More in www.muravin.com

Wide Band Sensors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],More in www.muravin.com

Capacitive Sensor ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],More in www.muravin.com

Laser Optical Interferometer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://www.zygo.com/?/met/applications/positionangle/ Fig. : Interferometer used for AE and displacement measuring. Fig. : Methods of AE Interferometer. More in www.muravin.com

Differential Acoustic Emission Sensor ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],More in www.muravin.com

Couplants and Bonds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],More in www.muravin.com

Installation of Sensors on Structures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sensor attached with magnet Pb blanket in nuclear applications Waveguide Rolling sensor produces by PAC More in www.muravin.com

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Preamplifier More in www.muravin.com

Preamplifiers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Preamplifier 60 dB More in www.muravin.com

Important aspects of amplifier performance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],More in www.muravin.com

Coaxial Cables / Connectors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Fig. : RG-58 Coaxial Cable. Fig. : BNC Connector http://techgenie.com/wp-content/uploads/Coaxial-Cable.jpg More in www.muravin.com

Other Cable Types ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],http://wapedia.mobi/en/Twisted_pair Fig. : Multi-Twisted Pair cable. Fig. : Optical Fiber cable. http://www.easychinasupply.com/producttrade/last_pt_sel/512876.html More in www.muravin.com

Electrical Properties of Cables / Impedance Matching ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],More in www.muravin.com

Primary Calibration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Step Function Force Calibration - ASTM Standard: E1106-86 More in www.muravin.com

Primary Calibration ,[object Object],Step Function Force Calibration - ASTM Standard: E1106-86 U(f m ) - FFT of sensor under test S(f m ) - FFT of capacitive sensor D(f m ) = U(f m ) / S(f m ) r m - magnitude of D(f m ) = |D(f m )| A - Sensitivity of the reference sensor in V/m. In absolute units: S o (f m )= A*r m FFT of sensor under test D(f m ) = U(f m ) / S(f m ) FFT of capacitive sensor More in www.muravin.com

Reproducibility of AE Sensor Response ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ASTM Standard: E976 More in www.muravin.com

Digital Signal Processing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Fig. : Typical AE system block diagram. ASNT- Acoustic Emission Testing Handbook, Vol 6. More in www.muravin.com

AE Data Acquisition Devices ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],More in www.muravin.com

AE Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Handheld measuring and processing system. Wireless monitoring system. More in www.muravin.com

Signal / Noise Generator ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Typical Noise Generator. More in www.muravin.com

Hit Based Features ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],More in www.muravin.com

Time Driven Features ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],More in www.muravin.com

Detecting the Signal: The Hit Based Process ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Starting the Hit Start of Hit More in www.muravin.com

Hit Definition Time (HDT) More in www.muravin.com Hit 1 Hit 1 Hit 2 Short HDT Long HDT Threshold Long HDT Short HDT

Peak Definition Time (PDT) and Hit Lockout Time (HLT) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],More in www.muravin.com

Thresholds Used in AE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],More in www.muravin.com

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Background Noise More in www.muravin.com Time Amplitude Floating threshold

FREQUENCY FILTERS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],More in www.muravin.com

Using Frequency Filters ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],More in www.muravin.com

Using Frequency Filters ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],More in www.muravin.com

E 1316: Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations Scope: This standard defines the terminology used in the Nondestructive Testing standards. These nondestructive testing (NDT) methods include: acoustic emission, electromagnetic testing, gamma- and X radiology, leak testing, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, neutron radiology and gauging, ultrasonic testing, and other technical methods. Nondestructive Testing - the development and application of technical methods to examine materials or components in ways that do not impair future usefulness and serviceability in order to detect, locate, measure and evaluate flaws; to assess integrity, properties and composition; and to measure geometrical characteristics. Indication - the response or evidence from a nondestructive examination. Interpretation - the determination of whether indications are relevant or nonrelevant. relevant indication - an NDT indication that is caused by a condition or type of discontinuity that requires evaluation. Evaluation - determination of whether a relevant indication is cause to accept or to reject a material or component. Section A: Common NDT Terms More in www.muravin.com

E 1316: Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],More in www.muravin.com

Acoustic emission sensors, equipment

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Acoustic emission sensors, equipment