Verb

A Note to Students and Teachers:
These lessons are not intended to
Introduce you to the English verb
system.
Use them as a review of what
you’ve
already learned.

Are English Verbs “Ichsa”?
Are you miserable because you make
mistakes with English verbs?
Do you think you will never be able to learn?
Are you sorry you didn’t listen to your
teacher?

It’s not really so hard!!!
You CAN speak and write good English
You CAN get good grades on English exams.
You only have to learn a few simple rules.
Are you ready to LEARN and PRACTICE?

We talk a lot in these lessons
about V1, V2, and V3. What in the
world are V1, V2, and V3?

Does this look familiar?
– eat ate eaten
– fall fell fallen
– fly flew flown
This is the table of irregular verbs that we know and
love!
V1is the first column (“eat”, ,(‫המקור‬ ‫צורת‬
V2 is the second column (“ate”, past simple form),
V3 is the third column (“eaten”, called—oh well, V3)

Lots of people forget that a verb that ends in “d” or
“ed” doesn’t have to be a verb in the simple past.
Maybe it’s a regular verb in V3 DISGUISED as a
simple past verb.
For example:
love loved loved
hate hated hated
worry worried worried

5Verb Formulas
be + ing (progressive)--He was crying.
be + V3 (passive)--He was beaten.
Four men were killed.
have + V3 (perfect)--I have already eaten.
do + V1 (simple)-- Do you love me?
I don’t hate you.
modal + V1 (modal)--I can wait.
©Rachel Bar Yosef, 1997

BE HAVE DO MODALS
is, am, are,
was, were
has, have
had
do, does,
did
shall, will, should,
would, may, might,
must, can, could
1) be + ing
(progressive)
have + V3
(perfect)
do + V1
(simple)
modal + V1
The bus is coming.
We were waiting.
She has finished.
We have eaten.
Do you love me?
I didn’t hear you.
You should try.
I may visit my aunt.
2) be + V3
(passive)
A lot of money is
spent.
People were hurt.

be
is, am, are was, were
1.be + Ving (progressive)
The bus is coming.
We were waiting.

be
is, am, are was, were
2.be + V3 (passive)
Our mother was invited.
Many promises were broken.

have
has, have had
have + V3 (perfect)
You have broken your promise.
Our friendship has survived.

do
do, does did
do + V1 (simple)
I don’t enjoy homework.
Do you like school?

modals
shall, will, should, would, may,
might, must, can, could, ought
modal + V1 (modal)
Miri can speak four languages.
We must finish.
Would you like some coffee?

do
do, does did
do + V1 (simple)
I don’t enjoy homework.
Do you like school?

A special note about DO:
We say that do is the helping verb for
the “simple” tenses, but if they’re
“simple”, then so is making peace with
our neighbors!
Pay attention:Pay attention:

With PRESENT SIMPLE and
PAST SIMPLE ONLY:
In present simple and past simple, there are 3 kinds
of sentences:
– POSITIVE (+) Harry understands Amharic.
– NEGATIVE (-) Jill doesn’t understand
Amharic.
– QUESTION (?) Does Jill understand French?
What’s going on here????

In ( + ), the verb really has 2 jobs:
1) MEANING (UNDERSTANDS(‫להבין‬ --
2) GRAMMAR (UNDERSTANDS), which
includes:
•Time (understands, not understood;
“‫“הבין‬ ‫ולא‬ ”‫)”מבין‬
•Number -- “understands” can’t be ‫רבים‬
(think of he/she/it, which are all (‫יחיד‬
•Person -- “understands” can’t be first
person (I understands???) or second
person (you understands????)

‫את‬ ‫עצמו‬ ‫על‬ ‫מקבל‬ ‫הפועל‬ ( + ) ‫ב‬
‫משמעות‬ ‫הן‬ -- ‫התפקידים‬ ‫שני‬
HARRY DREAMS)) ‫דקדוק‬ ‫והן‬ .
‫פיצול‬ ‫יש‬ ( ? ) ‫ו‬ ( - ) ‫.ב‬
‫תפקיד‬ ‫ואת‬
‫המשמעות‬
‫עתה‬ ‫תופס‬
‫הפועל‬
‫העיקרי‬.
(Harry
doesn’t
dream)
‫תפקיד‬ ‫את‬
‫תופס‬ ‫הדקדוק‬
‫הפועל‬ ‫עתה‬
‫העזר‬
(Harry
doesn’t
dream)

Now do you understand why
the main verb must always be
?‫המקור‬ ‫בצורת‬

Let’s Practice....
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s):
“Shlomi loves computers. Before his father bought
him a computer, he thought he would never be
able to learn. He didn’t ________ he was clever
enough. But now he’s a real professional!”
“If Shlomi didn’t _________ computers to begin
with, why did his father ________ him a
computer?”
“He __________ to encourage him. He knew that
computers can be a wonderful help with
schoolwork.”

“Shlomi loves computers. Before his father bought
him a computer, he thought he would never be
able to learn. He didn’t _think__ he was clever
enough. But now he’s a real professional!”
“If Shlomi didn’t __like___ computers to begin
with, why did his father ___buy__ him a
computer?”
“He _wanted___ to encourage him. He knew that
computers can be a wonderful help with
schoolwork.”

Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing
word(s):
“Hello, Mom? I have a problem. I left my keys at
home this morning.”
“Where did you ____________ them?”
“I ___________ them on the table. __________ you
see them?”
“Yes, but you _________ have to worry. I won’t
lock the door.”

word(s):
“Hello, Mom? I have a problem. I left my keys at
home this morning.”
“Where did you ___leave____ them?”
“I ___left____ them on the table. _Can or Do_ you
see them?”
“Yes, but you __don’t__ have to worry. I won’t
lock the door.”

BUT
Don’t think BE/HAVE/DO can only
be helping verbs .(‫עזר‬ ‫)פועלי‬
Often they are main verbs .(‫העיקרי‬ ‫)הפועל‬

be/have/do as main verbs:
You are being stupid!
Dan has had too many absences.
What did you do last night?

In the following passage, write “HV” in the
parentheses after a Helping Verb. If the word isn’t a
helping verb, DON’T WRITE ANYTHING.
My parents never listen to me. Sometimes they want
me to do ( ) something that I don’t ( ) want to
do ( ), or else they want me to not do ( ) what I
do ( ) want. I have ( ) always been ( ) jealous
of Moshe. His parents are ( ) so understanding!
He doesn’t ( ) have ( ) any problems with them.
They’re ( ) young, and patient, and they remember
what it was ( ) like to be ( ) young. Moshe
has ( ) never had ( ) any problems with his
parents. Not like me. Moshe has ( ) all the luck,
and I don’t ( ) have ( ) any. And I never do ( )
anything right!

My parents never listen to me. Sometimes they want
me to do ( ) something that I don’t ( HV ) want to
do ( ), or else they want me to not do ( ) what I
do ( HV ) want. I have ( HV ) always been ( )
jealous of Moshe. His parents are ( ) so
understanding! He doesn’t ( HV ) have ( ) any
problems with them. They’re ( ) young, and
patient, and they remember what it was ( ) like to
be ( ) young. Moshe has ( HV ) never had ( )
any problems with his parents. Not like me. Moshe
has ( ) all the luck, and I don’t ( HV ) have ( )
any. And I never do ( ) anything right!

LESSON 3LESSON 3
A Few Words AboutA Few Words About
Modals andModals and
Semi-ModalsSemi-Modals

A NOTE ABOUT SEMI-MODALS
You shouldn’t--indeed, you can’t--use “can” in the
past or in the future tense.
Use a form of “be able to” instead, or (in past tense),
use “could”.
Examples: I can’t speak Russian.
I was able to or could speak it when I was young.
I will be able to speak it again after my trip to
Moscow.

A NOTE ABOUT SEMI-MODALS
Another way to say “must” is “have to” (they both
mean the same thing). In fact, in negative
sentences (-), questions (?), and in the past or
future tenses, you can’t use “must”; you have to
use “have to”.
Example: I must hurry. I have to hurry.
You don’t have to hurry.
She had to hurry so that she wouldn’t
be late.

word(s):
“Shirli, must you play the radio so loud?”
“What __________ you say?”
“Do you _____ ____ play the radio so loud?”
“No, I don’t ______ _____. Do you _________ me
to turn it down?”
“Yes, I do, please, if you don’t _________ me to
lose my hearing.”

word(s):
“Shirli, must you play the radio so loud?”
“What ___did____ you say?”
“Do you __have to___ play the radio so loud?”
“No, I don’t __have to___. Do you __want___ me
to turn it down?”
“Yes, I do, please, if you don’t _want____ me to
lose my hearing.”

“_________ you help me, please? I want a book about the
Internet, but I ___________ find one.”
“_________ you look among the computer books?”
“Yes, I __________, but I ______________ find anything.”
“Well, I’m ____________ somebody else right now, but I
_______ ____ ______ ___ help you in about ten minutes.
________ you come back in ten minutes?”
“OK. And in the meantime, I __________ try again. Maybe
I _____ ___ _____ ___ find it by then.”

“___Can___ you help me, please? I want a book about the
Internet, but I ___can’t___ find one.”
“___Did___ you look among the computer books?”
“Yes, I ___did____, but I __couldn’t____ find anything.”
“Well, I’m __helping___ somebody else right now, but I
___will be able to__ help you in about ten minutes.
___Can__ you come back in ten minutes?”
“OK. And in the meantime, I ___will___ try again. Maybe I
__will be able to__ find it by then.”

Refresh Your Memory--
Take another look
at the table of
helping verbs.
Pay attention to the
colors.

Let’s Review....
1. Moshe _________ drive (V1) more carefully. He
_____________ drive (V1) so carelessly.
2. _________ you want (V1) anything to eat?
Yes, thanks. I ___________ like (V1) a sandwich.
3. Bob ______ acting in movies and making lots of money.
4. __________ you seen (V3 - irregular verb) my hat?
No, I ________ remember (V1) seeing it.
5. Dan ______ wasted (V3 - regular verb) all of his money.
6. Some Americans _______ surprised (V3 - regular verb)
when Bush ____ elected (V3 - regular verb)
President.
7. These photographs ________ taken (V3 - irregular

Let’s Review....
1. Moshe _should__ drive (V1) more carefully. He
___shouldn’t_ drive (V1) so carelessly.
2. ___Do____ you want (V1) anything to eat?
Yes, thanks. I __would____ like (V1) a sandwich.
3. Bob __is__ acting in movies and making lots of money.
4. ___Have___ you seen (V3 - irregular verb) my hat?
No, I __don’t_ remember (V1) seeing it.
5. Dan _has__ wasted (V3 - regular verb) all of his money.
6. Some Americans _were__ surprised (V3 - regular verb)
when Clinton _was_elected (V3 - regular verb)
President.
7. These photographs __were__ taken (V3 - irregular
verb) at Niagara Falls.

Let’s Review Some More....
1. Don’t you ________ you _________ drunk enough beer?
2. People should __________ a dentist once a year.
3. I will ________ an umbrella, because it may __________.
4. Gabi has always ___________ to visit India.
5. Most of our friends had already _________ the party
when we arrived. Why did they _________ so soon?
6. Please forgive me for phoning you so early this morning.
__________ you sleeping?
7. I was ___________ TV, when suddenly I heard a shot.
8. Poor Miri! She’s __________ her arm! Call a doctor!

Let’s Review Some More....
1. Don’t you _think__ you __have___ drunk enough beer?
2. People should ___see____ a dentist once a year.
3. I will __take__ an umbrella, because it may __rain____.
4. Gabi has always __wanted___ to visit India.
5. Most of our friends had already __left___ the party when
we arrived. Why did they __leave__ so soon?
6. Please forgive me for phoning you so early this morning.
__Were____ you sleeping?
7. I was __watching_ TV, when suddenly I heard a shot.
8. Poor Miri! She’s __broken__ her arm! Call a doctor!

Let’s Try a Test....
1. I don’t _________ to think about it.
2. Anat _______ lost ten kilo. You ___________ see her!
3. Did you _____________ to take your keys?
4. I haven’t ________, and I _____ not planning to eat
anything before dinner.
5. ________ you considered going into politics?
6. He is ______________ a great expert.
7. A lot of wine was __________ at the party last night.
8. We ___________ talking on the telephone when the
lights went out.

Let’s Try a Test....
1. I don’t _want____ to think about it.
2. Anat __has__ lost ten kilo. You _should____ see her!
3. Did you __remember___ to take your keys?
4. I haven’t __eaten_, and I _am__ not planning to eat
anything before dinner.
5. __Have__ you considered going into politics?
6. He is __considered__ a great expert.
7. A lot of wine was __drunk___ at the party last night.
8. We ___were____ talking on the telephone when the lights
went out.

A Test....Part 2:
word(s):
9. You could _________ until the last minute, or
you could ________ the work now and
_________ it over with.
10. _________ you name ten countries in Africa?
11. I __________ sleep very well last night.
12. I have _________ my promise, and I _________
keep my word.

A Test....Part 2:
word(s):
9. You could __wait___ until the last minute, or
you could ___do___ the work now and
___get___ it over with.
10. ___Can___ you name ten countries in Africa?
11. I __didn’t__ sleep very well last night.
12. I have __given__ my promise, and I __will___
keep my word.

English verb phrases can be
l o n g!
I couldn’t have been expected to havecouldn’t have been expected to have
knownknown that.
‫!יו‬
An 8-word verb!

Forming Yes/No Questions
Take the first element (‫)מרכיב‬ of the
verb and put it before the subject (‫:)נושא‬
I can believe it.
Can you believe it?
I’ve been there.
Have you been there?

Forming questions...still!
Follow the same rule even for a
monster verb!
He couldn’t have been expected to
understand.
Could he have been expected to
understand?

To translate
“‫”האם‬when
forming a yes-no
question, simply
begin the question
with the suitable
helping verb.

Are you serious? ? ‫האם‬‫אתה‬
‫רציני‬
Are you listening? ‫האם‬‫אתה‬
‫?מקשיב‬
Do you collect stamps?
‫האם‬‫אוסף‬ ‫אתה‬
‫?בולים‬
Have you lost weight? ‫האם‬
‫?רזית‬
Will he succeed? ‫האם‬‫יצליח‬ ‫הוא‬ ?
Can you convince me?
‫האם‬‫אותי‬ ‫לשכנע‬ ‫תוכל‬ ?©Rachel Bar Yosef, 1997

Complete the conversation:
BENNY: Arik! I haven’t seen you for a long time!
__________________________________________?
ARIK: Of course I haven’t been hiding! I’ve been very busy.
BENNY: _______________________________________?
ARIK: Yes, I’m studying a lot. I want to do well on my exams.
BENNY: ________________________________________?
ARIK: Yes, unfortunately, I still have that part-time job. It’s really too
much. That’s why I’m always so tired.
BENNY: ________________________________________?
ARIK: You’re right. I guess I wasn’t smart to take the job. But I need
the money!
BENNY: ________________________________________?
ARIK: Yes, I’ve been able to save a lot of money, although not as much
as I’d hoped to save!

Complete the conversation:
BENNY: Arik! I haven’t seen you for a long time!
_Have you been hiding?_____________________?
ARIK: Of course I haven’t been hiding! I’ve been very busy.
BENNY: __Are you studying a lot?___________________?
ARIK: Yes, I’m studying a lot. I want to do well on my exams.
BENNY: ___Do you still have that part-time job?________?
ARIK: Yes, unfortunately, I still have that part-time job. It’s really too
much. That’s why I’m always so tired.
BENNY: _Are you sure you were smart to take the job?___?
ARIK: You’re right. I guess I wasn’t smart to take the job. But I need
the money!
BENNY: __Have you been able to save any money?______?
ARIK: Yes, I’ve been able to save a lot of money, although not as much
as I’d hoped to save!

Let’s Practice
Ask these questions in English:
? ‫רעש‬ ‫הרבה‬ ‫כך‬ ‫כל‬ ‫לעשות‬ ‫חייבים‬ ‫אתם‬ ‫האם‬
______________________________________________
? ‫הערב‬ ‫אותך‬ ‫אראה‬ ‫האם‬
_________________________________________________
? ‫במילון‬ ‫להשתמש‬ ‫לנו‬ ‫מותר‬ ‫האם‬
_________________________________________________
? ‫השתגעת‬
_________________________________________________
? ‫מקשיב‬ ‫אתה‬ ‫האם‬
_________________________________________________

Let’s Practice
? ‫רעש‬ ‫הרבה‬ ‫כך‬ ‫כל‬ ‫לעשות‬ ‫חייבים‬ ‫אתם‬ ‫האם‬
_)Do you have to/Must you) make so much noise?_________
? ‫הערב‬ ‫אותך‬ ‫אראה‬ ‫האם‬
_Will I see you tonight?______________________________
? ‫במילון‬ ‫להשתמש‬ ‫לנו‬ ‫מותר‬ ‫האם‬
_)Are we allowed to/ May we) use a dictionary?___________
? ‫השתגעת‬
_Are you crazy? Have you gone crazy?_________________
? ‫מקשיב‬ ‫אתה‬ ‫האם‬
_Are you listening?_________________________________

Let’s Practice
? ‫בפטרה‬ ‫בקרת‬ ‫פעם‬ ‫אי‬ ‫האם‬
_________________________________________________
? ‫מגוחך‬ ‫כך‬ ‫כל‬ ‫דבר‬ ‫בימיך‬ ‫שמעת‬ ‫האם‬
_________________________________________________
? ‫בהפגנה‬ ‫הייתם‬ ‫האם‬
_________________________________________________
? ‫שלי‬ ‫המפתחות‬ ‫את‬ ‫ראית‬ ‫האם‬
_________________________________________________
? ‫אותם‬ ‫להזמין‬ ‫לי‬ ‫מציע‬ ‫היית‬ ‫האם‬
_________________________________________________

Let’s Practice
? ‫בפטרה‬ ‫בקרת‬ ‫פעם‬ ‫אי‬ ‫האם‬
_Have you ever visited Petra?_________________________
? ‫מגוחך‬ ‫כך‬ ‫כל‬ ‫דבר‬ ‫בימיך‬ ‫שמעת‬ ‫האם‬
_Have you ever heard anything so ridiculous?____________
? ‫בהפגנה‬ ‫הייתם‬ ‫האם‬
_Were you at the demonstration?______________________
? ‫שלי‬ ‫המפתחות‬ ‫את‬ ‫ראית‬ ‫האם‬
_Have you seen my keys?____________________________
? ‫אותם‬ ‫להזמין‬ ‫לי‬ ‫מציע‬ ‫היית‬ ‫האם‬
_Would you )advise me to/suggest that I) invite them?_____

WH-wordsWH-words
Learn these question words:
who whom whose which
what where when why
??????????

And these, too:
how how much how many
how often [‫תדירות‬ ‫]באיזו‬
how long (ago) [(‫זמן‬ ‫כמה‬ (‫]לפני‬
how + ‫שהוא‬ ‫תואר‬ ‫כל‬
(how rich, how strong, how sick)
??????????
WH-wordsWH-words

How easy is it?
It’s really easy!
(The answer:) I want my money. (The next
question:) Why do you want your money?
(The answer:) I’ve given Adam some money.
(The next question:) How much money have
you given him?
(The answer:) I’m planning to leave
tomorrow. (The next question:) Why aren’t
you planning to leave today?

“Who” and “What” as subjects
Where who or what refers to the subject ,(‫)הנושא‬
the Hebrew translation is ‫מה‬ ‫או‬ ‫?מי‬
If who or what refers to the subject, DON’T use do-
does-did in the simple tenses; DON’T change the
word order:
Answer: Tal loves Rami Kleinstein’s music.
Question: Who loves Rami Kleinstein’s music?

“Stumpers”(‫(מכשולים‬
How old are you? ? ‫אתה‬ ‫כמה‬ ‫בן‬
What happened ? ‫קרה‬ ‫?מה‬
What did x do? ? X ‫עשה‬ ‫מה‬
When were you born? ‫נולדת‬ ‫מתי‬ ?
What do you do for a living? ?‫עובד‬ ‫אתה‬ ‫במה‬
How long will he be gone?
?‫יהיה‬ ‫לא‬ ‫הוא‬ ‫זמן‬ ‫לכמה‬

How good are you at this?
Ask the right questions. See how much you’ve learned.
X: Hello, I’m phoning about your advertisement.
_____________________________________________?
MOTI: They’re not very old. Five years isn’t really so old.
Anyway, they’re in good shape.
X: _____________________________________________?
MOTI: I’m not “getting rid of” them. I’m offering them
because I’m moving to a new flat, where I’m not allowed
to keep them.
X: _____________________________________________?
MOTI: I don’t understand it either. They don’t bother
anyone.

How good are you at this?
Ask the right questions. See how much you’ve learned.
X: Hello, I’m phoning about your advertisement.
_How old are they?______________________________?
MOTI: They’re not very old. Five years isn’t really so old.
Anyway, they’re in good shape.
X: _Why are you getting rid of them?_________________?
MOTI: I’m not “getting rid of” them. I’m offering them
because I’m moving to a new flat, where I’m not allowed
to keep them.
X: _Why aren’t you allowed to keep them?_____________?
MOTI: I don’t understand it either. They don’t bother
anyone.

Keep going...
X: ____________________________________________?
MOTI: You can take them whenever it’s convenient. I’m
always home.
X: ____________________________________________?
MOTI: I live on the corner of Plony and Almony.
X: I know the building. ___________________________?
MOTI: My entrance is Number 2.
X: ____________________________________________?
MOTI: Oh, I don’t want any money for them. All I care
about is finding a good home for them!
X: A good home! ________________________________?
MOTI: Of course I’m not selling a set of skis! I’m giving
away my beloved cats!

Keep going...
X: _When can I take them?________________________?
MOTI: You can take them whenever it’s convenient. I’m
always home.
X: _Where do you live?___________________________?
MOTI: I live on the corner of Plony and Almony.
X: I know the building. _Which entrance is yours?_____?
MOTI: My entrance is Number 2.
X: _How much money do you want for them?_________?
MOTI: Oh, I don’t want any money for them. All I care
about is finding a good home for them!
X: A good home! _Aren’t you selling a set of skis?_____?
MOTI: Of course I’m not selling a set of skis! I’m giving
away my beloved cats!

CONGRATULATIONS!
YOUR NAME
has been awarded
the M.V.
)Master of Verbs(

Verb

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