Gregor Mendel discovered the laws of inheritance by experimenting with pea plants and using Punnett squares to show the possible combinations of genetic traits being passed from parents to offspring. A monohybrid cross examines a single trait, while codominance occurs when multiple alleles for a gene are both expressed. The human genome project worked to catalogue all the DNA bases in humans to determine the sequence of A, T, C, and G and find genes associated with certain traits or molecules. DNA profiling uses genetic analysis to match unknown DNA samples to known ones for uses like identifying criminals or determining paternity.

1. 4.3
Gregor Mendel experimented with pea plants to discover the passing down of
genes; he planned the passing through a punnett square. He used the term “factor”
instead of “gene”
The Punnett Square shows all possible combinations of genetic info for a certain
trait. It does this by Using the parents genotypes to determine the gametes the
parents could produce
Monohybrid cross is when a single trait crosses
Codominance is when some genes have more than two alleles and they are both
expressed.
Two possible alleles, dominant and recessive BUT sometimes there are 3 or more
types of alleles for gene
23 pair of chromosomes determines if the person is a male or female
Any genetic trait whose allele has a locus on the X or Y chromosome is sex-
linked
Pedigree charts are diagrams that are constructed to show biological relationships

2. 4.4
Polymerase Chain reaction copies DNA by taking a small amount of DNA and
copies the nucelicacids to make millions of copies of the DNA
Gel Electrophoresis separates fragments of DNA to find the origin
DNA profiling is matching an unknown sample of DNA with a known sample to
see if they correspond, it is used on the show Muary in paternity suits
The human genome project is a catalogue of all the bases an organism has to
determine the order of the bases ATCG in humans; it can find beneficial
molecules and to find out which gene controls synthesize
Gene transfer is a technique of taking one gene out of an organism and placing it
in another organism
Genetically motified organism is one that has had an artificial gene change
Transgenetic plants take out an undesirable gene
A group of genetically identical organisms artificially derived from a single
parent are clones
Dolly the sheep was the first clone
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oCRJ4r0RDC4