8. Week 6 Virtual Classroom
The War in America
Mini-Lecture 2: Neutrality and American
Business; The Debate over American
Involvement; Toward Intervention;
Mobilizing the Home Front
19. Week 6 Virtual Classroom
The Expanding Wartime Economy
Mini-Lecture 3: Labor Gains at Home; The
Great Migration; Tension on the Southern
Border; Women Workers and Woman
Suffrage
34. Week 6 Virtual Classroom
Militancy, Repression, and Nativism
Mini-Lecture 4: Working-Class Protest and
Political Radicalism; Repression and
Nativism
42. Week 6 Virtual Classroom
Winning the War and Losing the Peace
Mini-Lecture 5: American Troops and the
Battles They Fought; Wilson and the Shape
of the Peace
58. Week 6 Virtual Classroom
Winning the War and Losing the Peace
Mini-Lecture 6: Postwar Strikes and Race
Riots; The Red Scare and American Civil
Liberties
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From Assassination in the Balkans to War in Europe
June 28, 1914 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Context of the start of WWI: ethnic tensions, global imperialism, militarism, secret alliances …
Allies (Britain, France and Russia) vs. Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire)
Total War in Europe
Development of a Brutal Stalemante
War of Attrition in the Trenches
Concept of Total War and Mobilizaiton of the Home Front
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America Declared War on Central Powers in April 1917
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America’s Financing of the Allied War Effort
New York Replacing London as World’s Financial Capital
Major Arms Contracts
Issue of “Freedom of the Seas”
May 1915 – Sinking of the Lusitania (British ship with 128 Americans on board)
Secretary Bryan’s Resignation from State Dept. -- Replaced by Robert Lansing
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Woodrow Wilson’s World View
Concerns About Post-War Order
The Anti-War Movement: From LaFollette to Debs
Debs’ Speech (p. 286)
TR, Masculinity and “I Didn’t Raise My Boy to Be a Soldier” (Popular Song)
The Preparedness Movement and Business Leaders
Woodrow Wilson’s World View
Concerns About Post-War Order
The Anti-War Movement: From LaFollette to Debs
Debs’ Speech (p. 286)
TR, Masculinity and “I Didn’t Raise My Boy to Be a Soldier” (Popular Song)
The Preparedness Movement and Business Leaders
Woodrow Wilson’s 1916 Campaign Plays to the Left: He Kept Us Out of the War
Morality in the Mind of Wilson
Proximate Causus Belli – Feb 1, 1917 German Resumption of“Unrestricted Submarine Warfare” + Zimmerman Telegram
War as a War to Make the World Safe for Democracy
Whose life counts? Anti-German Propaganda and the Real Story of Belgium
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Suppression of Free Speech: 1917 Espionage Act and 1918 Sedition Act
Power of the Government Over IndustryGrows (Example of the War Industries Board)
Rationalization of Typewriter Ribbons
Progressive Income Tax: Revenue Acts of 1916 and 1917
Marketing the War: Committee on Public Informaiton (CPI)
Over There (Popular Song)
Patriotic Illustrations (ex. “Buy Liberty Bonds”)
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America Declared War on Central Powers in April 1917
Irony of the War to Make the World Safe for Democracy: Increased Liberty for Those It was Not Intended to Increase Liberty for …
From 1916 to 1920, Over a Million Workers Went on Strike
Outbreak of War saw Wave of Strikes in Industry
The Thriving Economy Put Power in Workers’ Hands
But Wilson too, Advocated Union Power – Rallied Workers Behind the War Effort
Workers Aggitated Against Bosses as “Kaisers”
Chart Showing Rise of Industrial Wages 1912-1920
Creation of a National Bureaucracy – Federal Employment 1881-1920
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Low Unemployment Draws Marginalized Into Work:
Immigrants
African Americans
Applachian Whites
Women
Rapidly Expanding Auto Industry in Detroit, MI and Rubber in Akron, OH
Great Migration of African Americans from South to North and California – Reasons to Leave; What They Faced
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American Interventions: Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua, and the Dominican Repblic
US Intervention in the Mexican Revolution
1914 US Troops Occupy Vera Cruz
1916 General Pershing Pursues Poncho Villa
Mexican Immigrants Come to Work in War Industries (Growth of San Antonio)
Border Restrictions Lax, But Segregation Persisted
Controversies Surrounding Texas Rangers and Extralegal Killings
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Women in Traditional Male Jobs
Explosion of Clerical Work Opportunities
Drop Off of Black Women in Domestic Service and the “Work of Fight” Laws
Vigitantism: Tarring and Feathering Ethel Barrett (Wife of Black Soldier, Vicksburg, MS)
Rise of National Women’s Part (NWP) Lead By Alice Paul
Picketing the White House
Hunger Strikes (Like the British Suffragists)
Wilson endorsed 19th Ammendment, resistance in the legislature finally overcome in August 18, 1920
It Had Taken 72 Years Since the Sececa Falls Convetion …
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America Declared War on Central Powers in April 1917
Immigration, Socialism, Anarchism and Trade Unionism
Photo of Strikers in Bayonne, NJ – Standard Oil Works
Photo of Food Riot in NYC (Feb 1917)
Nov 1917 Bolshevik Revolution in Russia
Rise of IWW and Repression of IWW
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1917 Anti-IWW Cartoon
American Protective League and Anti-Immigrant Violence
Pillory for “Traitors”
18th Amendment – Phohibition 1919
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America Declared War on Central Powers in April 1917
Draft in May 1917 – Massive growth of Military (~122,000 to more than 3,600,000 in service)
Army as Melting Pot Idea
Segregation in the Army – German Propaganda “To the Colored Soldiers of the U.S.Army” (p. 314)
Use of “IQ Tests”
Summer of 1918- American Army on the Western Front
Major American Victory at the Argonne.
American Soldiers Service Not Like European Counterparts
General Elmer Sherwood’s diary (p. 315)
Brutality of Industrialized War – Image of the “New Faces”
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Russian Revolution (Oct. 1917)
May 15, 1919 Illustation of Count Parasitsky Taking Out Trash
Lenin vs. Wilson
March 1918 Soviet Russia Signs Separate Peace with Central Powers
Allied Victory November 1918
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Negotiations in Versailles – Wilson’s 14 Points & League of Nations -- Europeans Seek to Punish Germany
Problems with the 14 Points (p. 318)
Versailles Treaty forced Germany to Accept:
Guilt for the War
Territorial Cessions
Reparations
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America Declared War on Central Powers in April 1917
Strikes from Miners in the West to Police Officers (Boston)
Most important strike started in Steel Industry in Pittsburgh, PA and spread (Sept. 1919) – Divide and Conquer Along Racial Lines
Ballot – Iron and Steel Workers
East St. Louis Race Riot 1917
Race Riots in Chicago 1919
1919 Resurgence of KKK
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Illustration of Bolshevik Serpent March 1919
1920 Debs Runs For President From Prison and Gets Almost 1 Million Votes
Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer and the Palmer Raids
Military Intelligence, the Spider Web and the PTA
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May 5, 1920 Arrest of Sacco and Vanzetti for Murder in S. Braintree, MA
August 23, 1927 – Sacco and Vanzetti Executed
Photo of Sacco and Vanzetti Funeral August 1928
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