1. Thinking and Transporting
An Overview to Biology EOC
Anatomy
(Brain and Heart)

4. Some Random Nervous
System Trivia
• Two Parts of the Nervous System
• Central Nervous System CNS (blue)
– Brain and spinal cord
– Control center
• Peripheral Nervous System PNS
(pink)
– Made of nerves that transmit
information in the form of
electrical impulses from the CNS to
the rest of the body
• Brain is protected by skull
• Avg. size of adult human brain: 3
pounds

5. Brain is divided into 3 MAJOR Parts
• Cerebrum
– Orange, wrinkly
walnut looking part
• Cerebellum
– Blue cauliflower
looking thing
• Brain Stem
– Brown stem looking
thing

8. Cerebrum
• Largest part of brain
• Divided into 2 “cerebral
Hemispheres”
• Each hemisphere is divided
into 4 LOBES (FPO-t)
– Frontal
– Temporal
– Parietal
– Occipital

9. Match the picture with the lobe! (might match more than one!)
A. Frontal
reasoning, planning, parts of speech, 1.
movement, emotions, and problem
solving
B. Temporal
associated with perception and
recognition of auditory stimuli,
memory, and speech
C. Parietal 2.
associated with movement,
orientation, recognition, perception of
stimuli
D. Occipital
associated with visual processing 6.
8. 5. 3. 4.
7.

10. Cerebellum
• Second largest part of brain
• “little brain”
• JOB:
– Coordinate Movements
– Posture
– Maintain balance
– Damage or injury to the part of
this brain will make your
movements jerky and
uncoordinated

12. Brain Stem
• Three MAJOR Parts (M-P-M):
– Midbrain
– Pons
– Medulla Oblongata
• Controls MOST important
functions that keep us alive
• Automatically controls:
– Breathing
– Heartbeat
– Blood pressure
– Circulation
• Imagine if this wasn’t controlled
automatically???
• What if you forgot to breathe??
Def NOT good!

13. Brain Stem
• Midbrain
– Voluntary motor
function
– Vision
– Hearing
– Eye movement
– Body movement
• Pons
– Motor control
– Sensory analysis
• Medulla Oblongata
– Maintains VITAL body
functions
• Breathing
• Heart rate

16. Everything You Need To Know
Cerebrum

20. Know the Different Views

21. Right Brained vs. left Brained
• Right side of the brain is
connected to the left side of
the body
• Left side of the brain is
connected to the right side of
your body
• Reason:
– the nerves connecting the
brain and the spinal cord
cross to the opposite side.
• Right handed people depend
on left side of brain
– Good at solving problems,
math, language, analytical
• Left handed People depend on
right side of brain
– good in music, art, creativity,
story telling

25. Practice naming the structures!
1. Temporal lobe A
2. Parietal lobe
3. Frontal lobe
B
4. Occipital lobe
5. Cerebrum
6. Cerebellum
C
7. Brainstem
8. Midbrain
9. Pons
10.Medulla
D

26. B
C
1. Temporal lobe
A
2. Parietal lobe
3. Frontal lobe
4. Occipital lobe
5. Cerebrum
6. Cerebellum
7. Brainstem
8. Midbrain
9. Pons
10.Medulla G
D
E
F

27. B
1. Temporal lobe A
C
2. Parietal lobe
3. Frontal lobe
4. Occipital lobe D
5. Cerebrum
6. Cerebellum
7. Brainstem
H
8. Midbrain
9. Pons E
G
10.Medulla
F

29. Cardiovascular
System
• Transport system of the body
• Carries nutrients (Glucose!)
and oxygen TO the cells of the
body
• Carries waste products and
carbon dioxide (CO2) AWAY
from the cells
• Transports chemical messages
between cells (HORMONES)
• Fights Disease (White blood
cells)

30. Members of the
Cardiovascular System
• Heart
• Blood Vessels
• Blood

31. Click here to see it in
action!
The Heart
• Muscular (cardiac muscle)
organ in chest
• 2 pumps (Right and left
side)
– Work together to move blood
all around your body
– Each side has a top (Atrium)
and a bottom (ventricle)
• 4 chambers of heart
• Heart muscles contract
push blood from the heart
to the blood vessels

32. • Right Atrium RA
Key Parts
• Right Ventricle RV
• Left Atrium LA
• Left Ventricle LV
• Aorta
• Vena Cava
• Pulmonary Artery PA
• Pulmonary Vein PV

35. Blood Vessels
• Arteries
– Carry blood AWAY from heart
– Full FedEx Trucks travel on here
• Veins
– Carry blood back TO the heart
– Empty FedEx Truck travel on here
• Capillaries
– Teeny, tiny blood vessels that
connect to arteries and veins
– Nutrients and gas can pass through
the capillaries from the blood to
the cells that need them

36. Circulation Is Like FedEx Delivery
Service
• Oxygen molecules packages everyone is ordering from
their homes (tissues all over the body)
• Lungs Warehouses with the packages (oxygen)
• Tissues individual homes, placing orders for the oxygen
• Heart the distribution center of the body with the trucks
needed to pick up packages from lungs and then deliver
them to tissues
– that directs trucks (RBCs)
• Red Blood Cells (RBCs)delivery trucks carrying packages
• they are either full of packages to deliver or empty
• Arteries and Veins ONE-WAY roads trucks travel on
• Clogged arteries, plaque build up  Traffic Jams/lane
closures/road blocks

37. Flow of Blood
• RBCs go from RA
to RV thru
Pulmonary
Arteries to LUNGS
to pick up oxygen

38. Flow of
Blood
• Oxygenated blood
enters LA, then
the LV and then
gets sent through
the AORTA to
deliver oxygen to
tissues

39. Flow of
• Blood
Oxygen and nutrients
travel from ARTERIES
thru CAPILLARIES to cells
• Deoxygenated blood and
Waste (CO2) leaves
cellscapillariesveins
to be carried back to
heart
– (to be sent back to lungs
to pickup more oxygen)

40. Flow of
Blood
• Waste and deOXY
blood enter RA, the RV
and then get get
pumped out of the
PULMONARY ARTERY
to the lungs to get
OXYGEN
– need to go to factory to
pick up more packages

41. Flow of
•
Blood
Blood now has
oxygen and
returns to the
heart through the
PULMONARY
VEIN to the LA,
then LV, then back
through the
AORTA to start
delivering more
oxygen

42. Factors That Affect Blood
Flow
• Heart Rate
– Beats per minute (bpm)
– Avg. adult at rest: 60-100 bpm
– Exercise, stress, chemicals increases bpm

43. Blood Pressure
• The force of the blood pushing
against the walls of the
arteries
• Your blood pressure is at its
highest when the heart beats,
pumping the blood. This is
called systolic pressure.
• When the heart is at rest,
between beats, your blood
pressure falls. This is the
diastolic pressure.

45. Cardiovascular Disease
Causes
• Heart attack and stroke
are two main causes of
death resulting from the
following conditions:
• Atherosclerosis
– Condition in which fatty deposits
called PLAQUE build up on the
inner walls of arteries
– Results in blood clots
• High Blood Pressure
– Condition where heart and blood
vessels are being overworked
– HYPERTENSION
– Leads to other diseases

46. • Plaque is made up
Atherosclerosis of fat, cholesterol,
calcium, and other
substances found in
the blood.
• Over time, plaque
hardens and
narrows your
arteries
• This limits the flow
of oxygen-rich
blood to your
organs and other
parts of your body
• Leads to blood
clots, heart attack,
stroke and DEATH

47. Causes and Prevention of
Atherosclerosis
• Certain traits, conditions, or habits may raise your risk for
the disease…called RISK FACTORS
• Uncontrollable RISK FACTORS
– Age
– Family History of heart disease
• Controllable RISK FACTORS
– Physical Activity
– Smoking
– Unhealthy diet
• MAIN TREATMENT for atherosclerosis:
1) lifestyle changes
2) medicines and medical procedures

48. Hypertension
• TWO WAYS To create High Blood
Pressure (Hypertension)
1. Extra fluid in the body
increases the amount of
fluid in blood vessels and
makes blood pressure
higher
• Infection/disease
2. Narrow, stiff, or clogged
blood vessels also raise
blood pressure
• Due to plaque build up