1. Beach Road – Warren County, Lake George, NY
NYS County Highway
Superintendents Association
2013 Winter Conference &
Trade Show
January 23, 2013
Integrating Green Infrastructure and Heavy Duty Porous
Pavement ….and Then Some

2. …Background
Multi-lane, 1-mile long Collector Road
Southern end of Lake George
Multi-Modal

3. …Background
Funded for full-depth Reconstruction
Federal, State and Local Funds
Improvements in Drainage and Subbase, Mobility
No Environmental Objectives in Original Scope

4. …Background
Roadway drains directly to the lake
Impaired Water – Chlorides, Road Pollutants
Silt & Sediment from Urban Runoff & Erosion

5. Constraints
• Little to no
opportunity to obtain
ROW
• Virtually flat roadway
• Elevation 4’ above
Lake Level
• High Water Table
• Curbed Section

6. …Proposed
Maintain Existing X-Section

9. Sediment
Delta Formation – English Brook – Lake George

11. ROADWAY POLLUTANTS
Photo credit: Jeremy Walker, Science Photo Library

12. Pollutants and Sources of Highway Runoff
Pollutant Source
Particulates Pavement wear, vehicles, atmospheric deposition, maintenance activities.
Nitrogen, Phosphorus Atmospheric deposition and fertilizer application.
Lead Tire wear.
Zinc Tire wear, motor oil, and grease.
Iron Auto body rust, steel highway structures such as bridges and guardrails, and moving engine parts.
Copper Metal plating, bearing and brush wear, moving engine parts, brake lining wear, fungicides and insecticides.
Cadmium Tire wear and insecticide application.
Chromium Metal plating, moving engine parts, and brake lining wear.
Nickel Diesel fuel and gasoline, lubricating oil, metal plating, bushing wear, brake lining wear, and asphalt paving.
Manganese Moving engine parts.
Cyanide Anti-caking compounds used to keep deicing salts granular.
Sodium, Calcium, Deicing salts.
Chloride
Sulphates Roadway beds, fuel, and deicing salts.
Petroleum Spills, leaks, antifreeze and hydraulic fluids, and asphalt surface leachate.
Trash/Litter Items discarded or fallen out of moving vehicles found alongside roadways (e.g., paper/plastic cups, food
containers, etc.)
Source: Stormwater Management Planning Guide for Transportation Projects, NYSDEC, 2005

13. Targeted Pollutants and Their Sources
Automobile By-Products Chlorides – Salt

14. Targeted Pollutants and Their Sources
Sediment
Automobile By-Products
Chlorides - Salt

15. Three Segments of the Corridor
Ponds – No
Swales – No
West End Sheet Flow - No
Sand Filters – No
Rain Gardens – No
Green Roofs – No
Stormwater Planters – No
Infiltration – Yes
Proprietary Structures – Yes
NYSDEC
East End

16. Porous Pavements
• Parking areas, access roads, walkways, driveways,
cul-de-sacs, urban and suburban roads, etc.
Porous HMA Porous PCC

17. Porous Pavements
• Parking areas, access roads, walkways, driveways,
cul-de-sacs, urban and suburban roads, etc.
Porous Pavers

18. If We Can …Where Can We Install
Porous Pavement?

19. East End
Sediment
Formed
Delta Off-Site
Sand and
Salt
NYSDEC
Forest Preserve

20. East End Profile
12.75%
5.75%

21. East End
Sediment
Formed
Delta Off-Site
Sand and
Salt
SWTS
NYSDEC
Forest Preserve

22. Downstream Defender

23. Downstream Defender

25. Downstream Defender
10 ft. Diameter Proprietary Structure – 25 CFS Capacity, 8.5 CY Sediment Storage
– NYSDEC – Says Need 80% TSS Removal & NJDEP Approval
– However,…NJDEP Tests at 50% TSS Removal Approved DD => 7 CFS…….(10’ Unit) (8’ unit = 4.4 CFS)
– No NJDEP Tests at 80%
– WQv Treatment (0.22 ac-ft) for contributing Area = WQv Flow Rate of 4.0 CFS
--->…At 7.0 CFS we have 50% TSS Removal, Then at 4.0 CFS we must have more
Manufacturers Spec’s claim 95% TSS Removal @ 4.0 CFS.
Test Results from NJDEP Testing rated the DD at 70% Removal Efficiency using the
following Equation where Q=gpm, D= feet.
Q=502 (D/4) ^2.5 = 11 CFS at 70% TSS Removal
NYSDOT Specifications – ITEM 604.5102nn15 (Serialized by Max Flow Rate)
• 80% TSS Removal for WQv Storm
• Pass the Design Year Storm = 10 Year, 24-hour => 13.7 CFS (100 yr = 19.6 CFS)
• Use 10’ Diameter Unit = 25 CFS Capacity, Sediment Storage
• Manufacturers Specs – 50% TSS Removal at 25 CFS
80% TSS Removal Rate at 15 CFS

26. Stormwater Treatment Structures
West End
NYSDEC
East End

27. West Brook

28. Sediment
West Brook Formed
Delta

29. Stream Day-lighting & Sediment Removal
Existing Culvert
225’ Feet Long

30. West Brook
Proposed Culverts
2 x 70’ Feet Long

31. Low Flow (90%) Channel High Flow Channel

32. West Brook

33. West Brook
Looking West
January 14, 2013

35. West End - Porous Pavement
West End
NYSDEC
East End

36. Porous Asphalt Pavement
“The Year of Porous Asphalt:
Salem, Oregon Proves Trend --
Water-absorbing Pavement is
Vogue in 2012” LANHAM, Md.,
Oct. 15, 2012 /PRNewswire-
USNewswire
“Water Absorbing Porous Asphalt
Pavement Use Increases in 2012”
– Too many to list
“Pavement That Actually
Drinks Water? “ | YNN
“It was all absorbed into the pavement “

37. Porous Asphalt Pavement
• Groundwater recharge augmentation
• Runoff Reduction
• Effective pollutant treatment for solids, metals,
nutrients, and hydrocarbons
• Safety Improvements – Glare, Road Spray
• Reduced Hydroplaning – Friction when wet
• Reduced de-icing Materials – Reduced Black Ice
• Less Susceptible to Frost – No Capillary Action
• Noise Reduction
• Little to No Closed Drainage System Needed

38. Porous Asphalt Pavement
• Typically Parking areas, Low Volume, Low Speed
Roads, Driveways
Similar to Open Graded Asphalt
Courses used by NYSDOT (10FX) - Porous Asphalt Pavement
Not Successful US EPA
However, It was not a Porous
Asphalt SYSTEM

39. University of New Hampshire Model
Pervious pavement: 4-6” (10 - 15 cm) of porous asphalt
Choker Course: 4”-8” (10 – 20 cm) minimum
thickness of ¾” crushed stone
Filter Course: 8” - 12” (20 - 30 cm) minimum thickness of subbase
(aka. bank run gravel or modified 304.1)
Filter Blanket: intermediate setting bed: 3” (8 cm) thickness of 3/8” (1 cm) pea gravel
Reservoir Course: 4” (10 cm) minimum thickness of 3/4” (2 cm) crushed stone for
frost protection, 4-6” (10-15 cm) diameter perforated subdrains with 2” cover
Optional-Liner for land uses where infiltration is undesirable
(e.g., hazardous materials handling, sole-source aquifer protection)
Native materials

40. Research: Maine Pilot Project
December 2010 – Porous Asphalt Feasibility Study – Warren County, Lake George
Association (LGA), County Soil and Water Conservation
• 4-lane arterial in South Portland
• Installed in Fall of 2009 – ARRA Funded
• 20,100 Design AADT, 5% Heavy Trucks (3.0 M ESALS
• Highly developed retail and commercial corridor
• No signs of rutting or deterioration In July, 2012
• Custom mix designed for test section, NAPA, UNH
• Warmer Temperatures than Lake George (5-100 F )

41. Porous Asphalt Pavements
New Heavier Duty Applications
Maine Mall Road (Portland, Maine)
Photo Credit: Maine DOT
Maine Mall Road (Portland, Maine)
Photo Credit: Maine DOT

42. Maine Mall Road – Portland Maine
850’ feet Long
60,000 SF of Porous Asphalt

43. The Maine DOT Section
9” Asphalt, 15” Reservoir Course, Variable Sand Layer
60,000 SF of Porous Asphalt
Photo Credit: Maine DOT

44. Beach Road Design Considerations
• Infiltration Tests – 3”/ hr and up
• Design Traffic Loading 1.05 M ESALS - 8600 AADT, 5% Trucks
• Heavy Duty Pavement System
• Sand Layer – (in UNH and Maine design) May Not Be Feasible
• Frost Penetration With high Water Table and Lake
• Constructability Requirements – Economic Impact to Area
• Targeted Primary Pollutants
• Lake Backflow – Irene and Lee
• Contamination from offsite – Irene and Lee
• Extreme Storm Planning – Irene and Lee
• Redundant Drainage System – FHWA Funded, GIGP Grant
• Parts of Existing Drainage System permanently underwater

45. Consensus Building
• WORK CLOSELY WITH Owner and Agencies
• Warren County and Warren County Board of Town Supervisors
– Lake George Association, Warren County Soil and Water Conservation
District, NYSDEC,
– EFC – GIGP, EPA - $415,000 from GIGP Grant
• FHWA involved at the onset
– Experimental status, Requested testing and monitoring
– Should project not function as intended, repairs will be reimbursed
(prorated) by FHWA during time frame of 8 yrs.
• NYSDOT (Region 1 & Main Office) involved at the onset
– Work w/B&L to develop testing and monitoring protocols
• KEY PLAYERS AND STAKEHOLDERS Involved EARLY ON

46. Design Criteria
• AADT – 8,600 • Roadway Grade < 5%
• 5% Trucks • Minimize Traffic Control
• 30 MPH Speed Limit Devices and abrupt Speed
• DHV = 800 Changes

47. Beach Road System

48. Beach Road Section

49. Beach Road System Safeguards
• Frost Penetration Requirements (FAA Design) Thicker Section
• Minimize contamination from offsite
• Accelerated Ground Stabilization – Sod, High Performance Blankets
• No intermediate Sand Layer
• Flanking Drainage Structures – Irene and Lee
• Regular Vacuuming
• Education – Public and Municipal
• Upgrade or Improve Other Nearby Systems – West Brook

50. Beach Road System Safeguards

51. Beach Road System Safeguards

52. Beach Road System Safeguards

53. Beach Road System Safeguards

54. Beach Road System Safeguards

55. Beach Road System Safeguards
No Sand Layer

56. Beach Road System Safeguards
VACUUM

57. Beach Road System Safeguards
VACUUM

58. Beach Road System Safeguards
Power Wash

59. Beach Road System Safeguards
Power Wash

60. Beach Road System Safeguards
Clogging Layer
Lost Storage Capacity

61. Beach Road System Safeguards
Power Wash

62. Beach Road System Safeguards
Slower Infiltration
Maintain Adequate Storage Capacity

63. Beach Road System Safeguards
Offsite Contamination Protection
Flanking Structures

64. Beach Road System Safeguards
72” Existing Pipe
Flanking Structures
Stormwater
Treatment System

65. Specifications

66. Typical Top Course -
100% Can pass the
½” Sieve
Typical Top Course - 2.36 mm
16% Can pass the #8
Sieve

67. Beach Road Testing Protocol

68. Beach Road Testing Protocol
Oxidation of the Binder
Hydraulic Scouring
/Stripping
Improperly Stored or
Overheated Binder

69. No Choker
Course
Choker
Course

70. Beach Road Testing Protocol

71. Beach Road Testing Protocol

72. Demonstration

73. Beach Road Testing Protocol

75. Sample Cores

79. BASE COURSE
BASE or Binder Course

80. TOP Course
Top COURSE

81. Demonstration

82. Demonstration

83. Demonstration

84. Water Quality
• Redevelopment Project with reduction in impervious
– From 94% impervious to 50% impervious
– WQv treatment and Water Quantity not actually required
Since Greater than 25% reduction in Impervious
• Installing 3 Proprietary SWTS to treat runoff
• Biological activity within the asphalt layers – 98%
“Oil bio-degradation in permeable pavements by microbial
Communities” , A.P. Newman, C.J. Pratt, S.J. Coupe and
N. Cresswell

85. Water Quality
• Reduced Chlorides by Using Less
UNHSC concludes that de-icing materials can be reduced by approximately 50%
• Metal Removal - Zinc, Lead, Copper, Cadmium
• Suspended Solids - Typically Sand, Metals Attached
• Digestion of Hydrocarbons by Aerobic Bacteria
Oil bio-degradation in permeable pavements by microbial
Communities” , A.P. Newman, C.J. Pratt, S.J. Coupe and N. Cresswell
Franklin Institute

86. PDH Questions
• Of the following Roadway Grades, which
would be considered acceptable for Porous
Pavement Applications?
– 10%
– 2%
– 0%
– 0.5%

87. PDH Questions
• A Porous Asphalt roadway system Should NOT
be described as:
– A Green Infrastructure practice
– An Infiltration Practice
– An Absorbent Roadway
– Part of a Recharge System
– All of the Above

88. PDH Questions
• A Porous Asphalt roadway system may not be
advisable when:
– It is Adjacent to a “Brownfield” or contaminated
soil site
– Operating Speeds are over 45 mph
– Proposed for use at a fueling station
– Installed along an Ocean Frontage Road
– All of the Above

89. PDH Questions
• True or False
– Quality Control throughout the project
construction is of Paramount Importance?

90. PDH Questions
• At what ambient air temperature range is it
recommended to place and finish Porous
Asphalt?
– 75 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit
– 30 to 40 degrees Fahrenheit
– 867 5309 degrees Kelvin
– 98.6 degrees Celsius
– 50 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit

91. PDH Questions
• Applying a Choker Course Can help you
accomplish which of the following:
– Get Arrested
– Win the WWF Wrestling Championship
– Keep your dog from biting your neighbor
– Stabilize the larger stone course or courses

92. Maintenance
• Design Offsite Protection
Systems into your project
• Maintain Vegetated Areas
• Vacuum 2 - 3 X / Year
• Slope Vegetated Areas
Away from Roadway
• Use Sod to Establish Turf
• Education – Public and
Municipal
• Deep Clean Promptly if
Accident Occurs
Expect Continued Improvements
in Maintenance Options and
Equipment

93. Maintenance

94. Why is the Beach Road Project
Significant ?
Higher Traffic and Traffic Loading Applications
Standardized Specifications – NYSDOT
Standardizes Protocols and Quality Control
Opens up the Practice to Thousands of miles of
Roadways & where HD Pavement is Needed
High Water Table Application Next to a Lake

95. Thomas Baird, PE, CPESC
Barton & Loguidice
10 Airline Drive
Suite 200
Albany, NY 12205
(518) 218-1801
tbaird@bartonandloguidice.com