1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

5. If persistent, physiological pain may progress to a pathological condition itself, often referred to as maladaptive pain, in which case pain is dissociated from the original noxious stimulation or the healing process and thus does not represent anymore a symptom of disease but rather abnormal sensory processing due to damage to tissues (inflammatory pain) or the nervous system (neuropathic pain), or to abnormal function of the nervous system itself (functional pain) . pain resulting from activation of pain receptors may be referred to as adaptive or physiological pain, because it minimizes tissue damage and promotes healing.

17. Visceral Somatic sympathetically innervated organs can be transferred to body surface cutaneous, deep tissues site vague distribution and Quality deep, ache, dragging, squeezing acute: colic, paroxysmal, +/- N/V, sweating, BP and heart rate changes constant, localised aching, throbbing, gnawing character Acute nociceptive pain:

18. Slow (delayed) pathophysiological pain Fast (Immediate) physiological pain Shortly after application if tissue damage occurs Longer duration Burning Poorly-localized C-fibers Thalamus Substance-P * Associated with arousal, autonomic & emotional reactions Abolished by local anaethesia & morphine onset: during application of the stimulus Duration: short duration. Nature: pricking Localization: well-localized Afferent: A-delta fibers Higher center: CC Neurotransmitter: glutamate Significance: * determine site & severity. * Initiate withdrawal reflexes. Abolished by deep pressure and not abolished by morphine.

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