How are Head and Neck Cancers Diagnosed - Best Cancer Hospitals in India

Head and Neck Cancer Treatment at Best Cancer Hospitals in India

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Most Advanced Head and Neck Cancer Care and Treatment in
India
Most head and neck cancers begin in the cells
that line the mucosal surfaces in the head and
neck area, e.g., mouth, nose, and throat. Mucosal
surfaces are moist tissues lining hollow organs
and cavities of the body open to the
environment. Normal mucosal cells look like
scales (squamous) under the microscope, so
head and neck cancers are often referred to
assquamous cell carcinomas. Some head and
neck cancers begin in other types of cells. For
example, cancers that begin in glandular cells are
called adenocarcinomas.
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Types of Head and Neck Cancer
Nasaopharyngeal Cancer :The nasopharynx is the airway passageway at the upper part
of the nose at the back of the nose.
Salivary Gland Cancer :Saliva produced by the salivary gland is the fluid that is released
within the mouth in order to keep the mouth moist. Mouth helps in breaking down the
food as it contains certain enzymes
Hypopharyngeal and Laryngeal Cancer :: A tube shaped organ located in the neck used
for swallowing, breathing and talking is the larynx. The hypopharnx, also referred to as
gullet, is the lower part of the throat surrounding the larynx.
Oropharyngeal and Oral Cancer :Both tongue and the mouth is included in the oral
cavity. The middle part of the throat is included in oropharynx.
Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer :The air-filled areas surrounding the nasal
cavity is known as the paranasal sinuses. The space at the back of the nose from where
air passes on the way to the throat is known as the nasal cavity.


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Diagnosis of Head and Neck Cancer
To find the cause of symptoms, a surgical oncologist evaluates a person's medical history,
performs a physical examination, and orders diagnostic tests. The exams and tests
conducted may vary depending on the symptoms. Examination of a sample of tissue
under the microscope is always necessary to confirm a diagnosis of cancer. :
Urine and blood test /Physical examination : Lumps in the cheeks, lips, neck and gums
are examined by performing a physical examination of a patient. Abnormalities are also
noticed by inspecting throat, nose, tongue and mouth. Cancer can be diagnosed by
performing urine and blood tests.
Endoscopy :It is the use of a thin, lighted tube called an endoscope to examine areas
inside the body. The type of endoscope the Surgical Oncologist uses depends on the area
being examined. For example, a laryngoscope is inserted through the mouth to view the
larynx; an esophagoscope is inserted through the mouth to examine the esophagus; and
a nasopharyngoscope is inserted through the nose so that the surgical oncologist can see
the nasal cavity and nasopharynx.


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Laboratory tests : examine samples of blood, urine, or other
substances from the body.
X-ray : This helps in creating pictures of the structures within
the body by using little radiation. The abnormalities of the
swallowing passage can be identified by a barium swallow.
CT scan : A series of detailed pictures of areas inside the
head and neck created by a computer linked to an x-ray
machine.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) : The detailed images of
the body that include base of the tongue and the tonsils are
produced by performing an MRI that makes use of magnetic
fields.
PET scan : PET scan uses sugar that is modified in a specific
way so it is absorbed by cancer calls and appears as dark
areas on the scan.
Biopsy : A small amount of tissue is removed for examining
under a microscope for diagnosing head and neck cancer.


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Head and Neck Cancer Treatment at Best Cancer Hospitals in
India
Chemotherapy, surgery and radiation therapy are the three main
types of treatment for administering head and neck cancer.
Surgery or radiation therapy is considered as the primary
treatments while chemotherapy is usually used as an adjuvant or
additional treatment. Primary cancer can be easily treated with
the help of radiation therapy. Radiation therapy can also
effectively treat the neck. A neck dissection is also sometimes
necessary for removing involved lymph nodes in the neck when
the amount of disease in the neck nodes is very wide.
Surgery is considered as a very important treatment that can be
done either before or after the radiation therapy. Radiation
therapy is given afterward when it is necessary to remove the
primary tumor surgically. The tumor is first tried to shrink by
using radiotherapy and surgery is followed by radiotherapy.


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Following radiation therapy procedures are used for treating
head and neck cancer :
Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT):The
specific areas inside the tumor or malignant tumors are
targeted by this high-precision radiotherapy that makes use
of computer-controlled x-ray accelerators that delivers
precise radiation doses. The high intensity radiation beam
is focused on the tumor so as to damage it without
disturbing any surrounding healthy cells.
External Beam Therapy (EBT) : Through this therapy, a
high-energy beam x-rays are delivered at the location of
the tumor. The tumor site is the target of this beam and it
can destroy cancer cells while sparing nearby healthy
tissues. There is no placement of radioactive sources in the
body of a patient.



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How are Head and Neck Cancers Diagnosed - Best Cancer Hospitals in India

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