Cancer that forms in tissues lining the esophagus (the muscular tube through which food passes from the throat to the stomach). Two types of esophageal cancer are squamous cell carcinoma (cancer that begins in flat cells lining the esophagus) and adenocarcinoma (cancer that begins in cells that make and release mucus and other fluids).

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Esophageal Cancer Treatment in India
Cancer that forms in tissues lining the esophagus (the
muscular tube through which food passes from the throat
to the stomach). Two types of esophageal cancer are
squamous cell carcinoma (cancer that begins in flat cells
lining the esophagus) and adenocarcinoma (cancer that
begins in cells that make and release mucus and other
fluids). Esophageal cancer has been categorized into two
types that include –
Adenocarcinoma :This type of esophageal cancer starts in the glandular tissue in the
lower part of the esophagus.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma : Squamous cell carcinoma begins in the squamous cells
lining the esophagus.

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Treatment of Esophageal Cancer at World Best Cancer
Hospitals in India
Radio Therapy : High-energy radiation beams are targeted on the
cancerous tissue in order to destroy it.
Internal Radiotherapy :A small radioactive implant is placed close
to the cancerous tumor for removing and destroying it.
External Radiotherapy : This therapy makes use of machine that
is placed outside the body.
Surgery :The surgical procedure for removing the entire or a part
of the esophagus depends on the location and size of the tumor.
Chemotherapy : People with esophageal cancer can also be treated with the help of
chemotherapy.
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) :In this outpatient procedure, controlled bursts of
radiofrequency energy burn away thin layers of abnormal tissue on the surface of the
esophagus, leaving healthy tissue intact.

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Diagnosis of Esophageal Cancer
The first step in evaluating esophageal cancer is usually an
endoscopic examination of the esophagus (esophagoscopy).
During this procedure, oncologist guides a thin, lighted tube
called an endoscope down the esophagus and into your
stomach. The endoscope provides a clear view of the
esophagus and allows the oncologist to remove a small sample
of tissue (biopsy), which is sent to a pathologist for further
study.

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Staging tests :-
CT scans :The first step in staging esophageal cancer is usually a CT scan, a type of X-
ray that produces images of the body in cross sections rather than in the overlapping
images produced by conventional X-rays. Most advanced CT technology, which is faster,
more sensitive and uses less radiation than do older CT scans.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan :The first step in staging esophageal cancer is
usually a CT scan, a type of X-ray that produces images of the body in cross sections rather
than in the overlapping images produced by conventional X-rays. Most advanced CT
technology, which is faster, more sensitive and uses less radiation than do older CT scans.
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) :During endoscopic ultrasound, a tiny ultrasound probe is
placed into the esophagus through an endoscope. The probe produces sound waves that
penetrate deep into tissue, detecting how far a tumor may have spread into the esophagus
wall. EUS can be technically demanding, and produces the best results when performed by
an experienced endoscopist.

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Minimally Invasive Robotic Surgery for Esophageal Cancer at
Hospitals in India
Minimally invasive surgery is a set of techniques that use
small incisions to enter the body, limiting the amount of
healthy tissue that is affected during an operation.
Minimally invasive approaches are not effective for all
patients with esophageal cancer, but when appropriate
these techniques may offer a variety of benefits, including :
Shorter hospitalization
Less pain
Decreased complications, particularly in older patients

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