2. Presentation
• Characteristics of the Greater London metropolitan region
• Public Transport in London
• The organisation of Public Transport in London
• The Integration of public transportation and services
• Fare structures, ridership characteristics, travel modal shares
• Financing of the development and operations of London’s
suburban railway system
• Service characteristics of London’s suburban railway
• London’s strategy to enhance the capacity of its suburban rail
system and integrate it with the public transport system
2
3. London is a world city and gateway to the UK
• 7.6m residents
• 4.7m people in employment Central Government
• 30 million visitors a year
• 27 million journeys per day including
walking and cycling
• Transport and land-use planning Greater London Authority
responsibilities divided between the three
tiers of government
• But clear direction – Mayor decides
transport policy, TfL and Boroughs deliver
• Elected London Mayor with large budget London Boroughs
(£80bn 2010-2017) argues region‟s impact
on national economy
3
4. Organisational and funding structures reflect a
distinction between local transport and national
networks
MAYOR OF LONDON
Grant
Franchised Capital
Operations Works
Business Plan
and Multimodal
Contract Business
Strategy
Revenue + subsidy plan + £
Directly Operate or Contract National Rail
Buses Train
operators Infrastructure Owner
London Underground
Trams and DLR
Overground Rail
Taxis
River Transport
Main Road Maintenance
4
5. London’s Daily Passenger Journeys
Mode Daily Journeys Journey length
Car 11 million 11.6 km
Bus 5 million 3.6 km
Underground 3 million 7.8 km
Rail 2 million 25.0 km
DLR 0.2 million 5.1 km
Walk 6 million 0.8 km
Cycle 0.5 million 3.2 km
• 50% of rail passengers arriving in central London continue their
journey using another TfL mode
5
6. Public transport has a 40% mode share overall, up
ten points since 1993 at the expense of the car
Overall rail share is
8%, Underground is
10%
12m trips in outer
London, just 25% on
public transport
1m trips to central
London each
morning, rail and
Underground share
is 80%
6
7. 37% of London’s 27million trips every day are made by car,
mostly in outer London
• Main roads managed by TfL
• Real time traffic management,
signal control, street works,
and enforcement
• Parking cost high and few
spaces
• Road pricing through
congestion charge
• Major problem of traffic
congestion despite no growth
in overall traffic volume over
last ten years
7
8. London Buses
• 2.2 billion passengers per
year
• 8000 buses
• 95% of population within
400m of a stop
• High frequency interval
service
• 80% passenger growth since
1993
• Managed by TfL
• Operated by contractors
8
9. Integrated Fares & Ticketing
Pay before you board
Penalty fare £50
Zonal fares structure for all of London. Flat
fare on bus
Smartcard ‘Oyster’ valid on all Public
Transport
Few paper tickets – always higher cost
Oyster fare is always ‘best value’
Oyster holds both stored value and period
travel
Capped daily travel cost
Oyster moving to ‘back of house’ behind
mobile phone and contactless bank card
9
10. London’s Rail Network
300 rail stations
270 metro stations
5 million passengers
a day
Mostly electric
multiple unit trains
and 4 aspect fixed
block signalling to
timetable
Underground trains
operate to frequency
service interval
10
11. London’s rail network is effective in bringing widely
dispersed population to central London employment
Source: 2001 Census (and projections), GLA ‘Our London Our future’
Projected Employment Projected Population Growth
(2001 – 2026) (2001 – 2026)
• Employment growth is concentrated in
• Population growth is expected to be more
central London and inner Thames
evenly distributed – suggesting a continuing
Gateway
need for radial commuter links
• Businesses operating in this area are
critical to London‟s World City status
11
12. London’s multi modal transport model
Do Nothing Rail Strategy
2025/26 2025/26
12
13. London’s Rail Strategy for 2025 moves towards a fully
integrated rail system. It combines renewal of the existing
network & strategic new infrastructure
Thameslink
Radial – fast North London
links into Line
London
Inner East
suburban London
routes Line Crossrail
Circle Line
West
Londo
n Line
GLA Boundary
Inner Interchanges
London
Orbitals
13
14. London’s strategy to increase rail capacity
Implementation Capacity
Requirements Uplift
More trains per hour
• Simplify timetables
• Remove pinch-points
Up to 100%
• More track capacity
• Additional rolling
stock
More carriages per train
• Lengthen platforms
• Eliminate track
Up to ~25%
congestion at termini
throats
• Additional rolling
stock
More passengers per car
• Reconfigure seating on
Up to ~30%
inner suburban
services
14
15. As a result, rail enhancements will add about a quarter to
London’s rail capacity by 2017
Thameslink
London Midland
• 12-car max capability West Anglia
• Trains lengthened to 12-
• 24 trains per hour through core • 12-car capability
car
• Meet demand from expanded
Stansted airport
Chiltern
• Train lengthening up to 7- 5 Great Eastern
car 41 23 • Additional outer
• Frequency improvements
services
40 • New Crossrail services
Great Western 8
• Train lengthening London Overground C2C
• Additional paths • Increased frequency 14 • 12-car capability
• New Crossrail services • New routes on all routes
129 • Longer trains 21 • Longer trains
8 170
High Speed 1
South-western • Start domestic services
• 10-car inner suburban
railway
10 South-eastern
• 12-car inner suburban railway
Southern
• 10-car inner suburban railway
Key: % increase in capacity 20
15
16. Crossrail will increase the total ( all modes ) public
transport network capacity by a further 10%
•New high capacity railway, enabling economic growth
•TfL has a critical role to play as future operator of services (via a Concession)
•24 trains per hour (peak) each direction through central London
•Generates 30,000 extra jobs in central London, with GDP benefits of £36bn
•Relieves congestion on rail and Tube lines
•Brings 1.5m more passengers within 60 min commute of centre
17. The challenge to accommodate economic growth is
striking with rail demand increasing up to 50% by 2025
Plans & ‘Efficiency’ New
Forecasts New railways
proposals measures railways
• Crossrail 2
60%
£
Technology, design,
pricing
50%
†
• ERTMS
• Greater peak pricing
differentials
40%
• Metro-style end-to-
end routes
30% • High density trains,
more standing space
• Double-deck trains
20%
Future “HLOS2”
10% • More 12 car trains
where there is
already capability
Committed £ Tech & • Extending 12-car
All modes: Rail Possible capability
boardings boardings capacity ie future
pricing New
• Some track work, e.g.
increase 200625 „HLOS‟, tunnels
“HLOS2” † Vehicle West Anglia 4-
200625 Crossrail,
capacity design tracking
Overground
Source: Demand projections from Group Planning, capacity estimates from DfT rolling stock plan 17
18. Conclusions
• London‟s development in the last
200 years hugely influenced by
railways
• It remains the key mode for
access to the central area where
London‟s world city functions are
sited
• TfL and central Government are
spending large sums for enable
railways to meet better London‟s
transport challenges
• Integration remains a key
challenge to meeting our
objectives
Interchange Station
Rail, Metro, Bus and Tram
18
