1. Kingdom Plantae

2. What Is a Plant?
 Multicellulareukaryotes that are
photosynthetic autotrophs
 Cell walls made of cellulose
 Store surplus carbohydrates as
starch
 Mostly terrestrial

3. Obstacles Plants Overcome
 Absorb Minerals
 Conserve Water
– Cuticle
– Stomata
– Guard Cells
 Reproduce on Land

4. A Vascular System Enables
Plants to Thrive on Land
 Most plants need a
“plumbing” system
to transport water,
minerals and
nutrients. This
system is known
as the VASCULAR
SYSTEM.

5. Divisions of Living Plants Are Divided
into Nonvascular and Vascular
 There are 3 divisions of nonvascular
plants
– Hepatophyta – the Liverworts
• Simplest of plants (gametophytes are dominate
• Flat leafy body lacking cuticle, stomata, roots, stems
or leaves
– Anthocerophyta – the Hornworts
• Dominate gametophyte and have stomata
– Bryophyta – the mosses
• Small, most have simple vascular tissue
• Sporophyte with slender stalk and spore capsule
• “leafy” green gametophyte that lacks roots, stems
and leaves

6. Alternation Of Generations
 Occurs in life cycle of all plants
 One generation is a multicellular haploid
condition and the next is a multicellular
diploid condition

7. Gametes
Archegonia
– Produce eggs
Antheridia
– Produce sperm
When water is available,
sperm swim to the eggs

9. Features of Vascular Plants
Dominate sporophyte
Specialized conducting cells
Distinctive body form
– Meristem
• Shoots
• Roots

11. Life Cycle of a Fern

12. Evolution of the Seed
There are 5 phyla of living
seed plants. Four of these
phyla are collectively known
as GYMNOSPERM.
The other phyla is
ANGIOSPERMS.

13. Seed plants produce two kinds
of gametophytes.
– Microgametophyte – produce
male
– Megagametophyte – produce
female – These develop from a
megaspore within the ovule.
A pollen grain consists of only a
few haploid cells surrounded by
a thick protective wall.

14. Pollination
Wind
Insects
animals