New Approach to Evaluate Barotrauma Susceptibility in Fish
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Researchers developed an apparatus to conduct tensile strength tests on swim bladder tissues to obtain biomechanical data. This data could be used to create models for predicting fish susceptibility to barotrauma. The apparatus was tested by conducting tension tests on rubber balloon samples. Three mathematical models - the kinetic theory model, Mooney-Rivlin theory model, and Ogden model - were fitted to the balloon data. The models accurately described the non-linear behavior of the biological material. Validation tests showed the models could also predict the inflation pressure of the balloons. The approach shows promise for evaluating barotrauma susceptibility across different fish species.
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New Approach to Evaluate Barotrauma Susceptibility in Fish
- 1. NEW APPROACH TO EVALUATE BAROTRAUMA SUSCEPTIBILITY IN FISH Bernardo Beirão, Luiz G. M. Silva, Ricardo Falcão bvbeirao@gmail.com Federal University of São João del-Rei – UFSJ, Brazil American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR
- 2. Fonte: ANEEL, 2012 About 1,000 power plants already installed which corresponds to 76% of the electrical energy generation It corresponds to only ~30% of the inventoried hydropower capacity American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR
- 3. Fonte: ANEEL, 2012 Amazon River Basin Higher diversity Larger fish American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR Facilities concentrated in the South, Southeast and Center-West
- 4. American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR Courtesy:RichBrown
- 5. Courtesy:RichBrown American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR
- 6. Swim Bladder Rupture Exophthalmia Stomach or Intestine Eversion Hemorrhage Emboli BROWN, R.S. BROWN,R.S. ALVES, C.B.M. American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR
- 7. Brown et al. (2014) American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR
- 8. Biomechanical information about swim bladder structure can provide data to create barotrauma susceptibility prediction models - Construction of an apparatus to realize tensile strength tests with swim bladder tissues - Apparatus commissioning with rubber balloons samples Assumptions: Isotropic – Incompressible - Spherical V = V0 American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR
- 9. Force Sensor Tested Sample Moving Cart Arduino American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR
- 10. Symbol Description Size (mm) W Initial width of the narrow area 2,1 WO Total width 4,8 Wc Central width of the narrow area 1,4 L Length of the narrow area 6,3 LO Total length 30,0 G Length of the tearing area 5,4 D Distance of the narrowing sections 12,7 T Thickness 0,35 R Internal radius 3,5 RO External radius 6,3 ASTMInternational American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR
- 11. Trials Logger Pro v. 3.6.1 American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR
- 12. - Models calculated: - Kinetic theory model - Mooney-Rivlin theory model - Ogden model Related to elastic materials Used in biology modeling research American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR
- 13. Model equations for the tension tests Adapted from Mueller & Strehlow, 2004 𝐹𝐹 = 𝑊𝑊0 � 𝑇𝑇0 � 𝑠𝑠+ 𝛽𝛽 − 𝛽𝛽−5 Adapted from Mueller & Strehlow, 2004 𝐹𝐹 = 𝑊𝑊0 � 𝑇𝑇0 𝑠𝑠+ 𝛽𝛽 − 𝛽𝛽−5 + 𝑠𝑠− 𝛽𝛽−3 − 𝛽𝛽3 𝐹𝐹 = 𝑊𝑊0 � 𝑇𝑇0 � 𝑝𝑝=1 𝑁𝑁 𝜇𝜇𝑝𝑝 𝛽𝛽 𝛼𝛼𝑝𝑝−1 − 𝛽𝛽−2𝛼𝛼𝑝𝑝−1 Adapted from Ogden, 1984 - Ogden Model - Mooney-Rivlin Theory Model - Kinetic Theory Model 𝛽𝛽 = 𝐿𝐿 𝐿𝐿0 American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR
- 14. The data calculated by the model is, then, inserted into the correspondent pressure model, allowing to predict the maximum pressure that material can hold; To verify whether the model responded to what was expected, the balloon was filled up with air whilst the pressure was measured. American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR
- 15. Inflation tests American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR
- 16. 𝑝𝑝 = 2 𝑡𝑡0 𝑟𝑟0 � 𝑠𝑠+ 𝛽𝛽−1 − 𝛽𝛽−7 𝑝𝑝 = 2 𝑡𝑡0 𝑟𝑟0 𝑠𝑠+ 𝛽𝛽−1 − 𝛽𝛽−7 + 𝑠𝑠− 𝛽𝛽−5 − 𝛽𝛽 𝑝𝑝 = 2 𝑡𝑡0 𝑟𝑟0 � 𝑝𝑝=1 𝑁𝑁 𝜇𝜇𝑝𝑝 𝛽𝛽 𝛼𝛼𝑝𝑝−1 − 𝛽𝛽−2𝛼𝛼𝑝𝑝−1 𝛽𝛽 = 𝑟𝑟 𝑟𝑟0 American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR Inflation tests - Ogden Model - Mooney-Rivlin Theory Model - Kinectic Theory Model Adapted from Mueller & Strehlow, 2004 Adapted from Mueller & Strehlow, 2004 Adapted from Ogden, 1984
- 17. Apparatus commissioning - Kinetic Theory 𝐹𝐹 = 6 � 10−7 � 300000 𝛽𝛽 − 𝛽𝛽−5 American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Force(N) β(L/L0 )
- 18. The balloon showed an non-linear behavior, as expected for biological materials (Lapeer et al., 2011; Ribeiro et al., 2012). American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Force(N) β(L/L0 )
- 19. Model Validation - Kinetic Theory 𝑝𝑝 = 2 � 0,025 � 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝛽𝛽−1 − 𝛽𝛽−7 American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR
- 20. Didn’t explain well, but gives good notion on thermodynamics of the material (Mueller & Strehlow, 2004) American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR
- 21. 𝐹𝐹 = 6 � 10−7 � 300000 𝛽𝛽 − 𝛽𝛽−5 + 30000 𝛽𝛽−3 − 𝛽𝛽3 American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR Apparatus commissioning - Mooney-Rivlin Theory
- 22. 𝑝𝑝 = 2 � 0,025 300000 𝛽𝛽−1 − 𝛽𝛽−7 + 30000 𝛽𝛽−5 − 𝛽𝛽 American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR Model Validation - Mooney-Rivlin Theory
- 23. 𝐹𝐹 = 6 � 10−7 � 300000 𝛽𝛽2−1 − 𝛽𝛽 −2�2 −1 + 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏, 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝛽𝛽𝟔𝟔,𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒−1 − 𝛽𝛽 −2�𝟔𝟔,𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 −1 American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR Apparatus commissioning - Ogden Model
- 24. 𝑝𝑝 = 2 � 0,029 300000 𝛽𝛽2−3 − 𝛽𝛽 −2�2 −3 + 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏, 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝛽𝛽𝟔𝟔,𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒−3 − 𝛽𝛽 −2�𝟔𝟔,𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 −3 American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR Model Validation - Ogden Model
- 25. American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR Variable Fixed values (a) d0 4,0 x 10-4 m r0 1,4 x 10-2 m μ1 300.000 Pa μ2 18,22 Pa α1 2 α2 6,48 Variable Fitted Model (b) d0 4,0 x 10-4 m - r0 1,4 x 10-2 m - μ1 300.000 Pa - μ2 38,86 Pa ± 39,00 α1 2 - α2 6,25 ± 0,43
- 26. Assumptions: Isotropic – Incompressible - Spherical V = V0 American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR Biological materials Vs. Elastic materials Mechanical properties
- 27. • Balloon tests provided good results for a initial stage • Improvements are already being done based on these tests It is possible to come up with new methodologies to test a large number of fish types and come up with a realistic metric for determining barotrauma in different countries American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR
- 28. American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR
- 29. American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR
- 30. - Prof. Dr. Carlos Martinez – CPH/UFMG - Prof. Dr. Edson Dias, Natália Castelo Branco, Luma, Sarah, Aline Assunção & Nathalia Stockler – UFSJ - Emily Anderson, Rich Brown, Alison Colotelo & Stephanie Liss – Pacific Northwest National Laboratory - Ricardo Walker – US Army Corps of Engineers CPH American Fisheries Society 145th Annual Meeting – Portland, OR