The document discusses the multimedia and contiguity principles of effective learning from multimedia materials. The multimedia principle indicates that people learn more deeply from words and graphics together rather than words alone. There are six types of graphics that can support learning. The contiguity principle indicates that people learn more deeply when corresponding words and graphics are placed close together or presented at the same time. The document provides examples and assessment questions to illustrate the differences between the multimedia and contiguity principles.

1. Multimedia and
Contiguity Principle
Edtech 513 Project 1
by
Melanie Kennelly

2. Objective
• Students will be able to define and
understand the difference between
Multimedia and contiguity principles
• Students will be able recognize examples of
each principle

3. The Multimedia Principle
People learn more deeply from words and graphics
than from words alone.

4. Six Types of Graphics
that Support Learning
• Decorative
• Representational
• Organizational
• Relational
• Transformational
• Interpretive

5. Decorative
Decorative graphics serve to decorate
the page without enhancing the message
of the lesson

6. Representational
Representational
graphics portray a
single element, such as
a photo with a caption

7. Representational
Representational
graphics portray a
single element, such as
a photo with a caption
Decorative and representational graphics do not promote learning as well as the others

8. Relational
iPhone Average Use Per Day
9% 3%
8%
Voice Call SMS
10% 45% E-Mail Music
Games Internet
12%
Other
14%
Relational graphics portray a quantitative
relation among two or more variables

9. Organizational
Organizational
graphics depict
the relations
among elements

10. Transformational
Transformational
graphics depict
changes in an
object over time

11. Interpretive
Interpretive
graphics illustrate
intangible
phenomena visible
and concrete

12. The Contiguity Principle
People learn more deeply when
corresponding printed words and graphics
are placed close to one another on the
screen or when spoken words and graphics
are presented at the same time

13. Example
Good Better

14. Assessment
Answer the following questions to see how
well you understand multimedia and the
contiguity principles

15. Question #1
Multimedia is defined as:
a. Written word is an effective way for most
students to learn.
b. Many students learn well from diagrams or
pictures.
c. Students learn more effectively when words
and pictures are used together.
Click here for answer

16. Question #1
Multimedia is defined as:
a. Written word is an effective way for most
students to learn.
b. Many students learn well from diagrams or
pictures.
c. Students learn more effectively when words
and pictures are used together.
If you answered c. you are correct!

17. Question #2
The Contiguity Principle is defined as:
a. Relevant graphics used with words aide in
effective learning.
b. The best way to position graphics and related
text.
c. When materials flow well and are easy to
read.
click here for correct answer

18. Question #2
The Contiguity Principle is defined as:
a. Relevant graphics used with words aide in
effective learning.
b. The best way to position graphics and related
text.
c. When materials flow well and are easy to
read.
The answer is b. Great Job!

19. Question #3
The difference between the multimedia principle and
the contiguity principle is:
a. Multimedia shows the effectiveness of words
and graphics used together, and contiguity
describes how to place them.
b. Multimedia shows what graphics to use and
contiguity describes what words work most
effectively.
Click here for correct answer

20. Question #3
The difference between the multimedia principle and
the contiguity principle is:
a. Multimedia shows the effectiveness of words
and graphics used together, and contiguity
describes how to place them.
b. Multimedia shows what graphics to use and
contiguity describes what words work most
effectively.
a. is the correct answer

21. Question #5
Which of the following
illustrations represents an
effective multimedia tool?
click here for answer

22. Question #5
Which of the following
illustrations represents an
effective multimedia tool?
The line graph is the correct
answer. Great Job!

23. Question #6
Which picture is the best
example of the contiguity
principle?
Click here for the correct
answer
Phases of the moon

24. Question #6
Which picture is the best
example of the contiguity
principle?
The picture directly below is the
correct answer.
Phases of the moon

25. Resources
• http://www.wikihow.com/Tie-Your-Shoes
• http://www.zibs.com/blog/archives/Applecorps.jpg
• http://edmall.gsfc.nasa.gov/WebQuest/sysmapex.gif
• http://fortuneapple20.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/picture-10.png
• http://www.aurorahunter.com/images/science/Moon-Phase.gif
• http://www.usgcrp.gov/usgcrp/images/ocp2003/ocpfy2003-fig5-1.htm
• http://www.governorsresidence.ohio.gov/garden/photosynthesis.aspx
• http://www.learningplanet.com/act/fl/aact/index.asp
• http://songsofhigherlearning.com/img/Phases%20of%20the%20Moon.jpg
• Clark, Ruth Colvin. E-learning and the science of instruction proven
guidelines for consumers and designers of multimedia learning. San