Interpersonal Attraction Rating Of A Social Stigma...

Interpersonal Attraction Rating Of A Social Stigma...
The goal of this study was to measure interpersonal attraction as a means of determining whether or
not there was a social stigma associated with different loneliness states and race. The dependent
variable in this study was the interpersonal attraction rating while the loneliness state and race were
the independent variables. Both race and loneliness state had the potential to impact the
interpersonal attraction rating of the characters. According to the results from this study, the null
hypothesis had to be rejected. There was a significant difference between lonely and nonlonely
states. The first alternate hypothesis predicted that lonely people would exhibit less interpersonal
attraction than nonlonely people. This could be accepted. However, the second alternate hypothesis
could not be accepted because there was no significant difference between Hispanic and White
conditions, despite that the hypothesis predicted that Hispanics would be judged more harshly. The
third and fourth alternate hypotheses, which predicted that the Hispanic condition would be less
likeable in both loneliness states, could not be accepted based on the data of this study. By accepting
the first alternate hypothesis, the researchers uphold the findings of Lau and Gruen (1992). Their
data indicated that there was a greater social stigma associated with lonely people than nonlonely
people. While Lau and Gruen (1992) found that the stigma interacted with gender, lonely women
were judged more harshly
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One Sample Hypothesis Testing Paper
One Sample Hypothesis Testing Paper
Do Major League Baseball teams with higher salaries win more frequently than other teams?
Although many people believe that the larger payroll budgets win games, which point does vary,
depending on the situation. "...performances by individual players vary quite a bit from year to year,
preventing owners from guaranteeing success on the field. Team spending is certainly a component
in winning, but no team can buy a championship." (Bradbury). For some, it's hard not to root for the
lower paid teams. If the big money teams, like Goliath, are always supposed to win, it's hard not
cheer for David. This paper will discuss the effects of payroll budgets on the percentage of wins for
the 30 Major League ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This leads to the numerical hypothesis statements regarding the null and alternative hypotheses.
Null Hypothesis: Ho=1  2
Alternative Hypothesis Ho=1 > 2
The research methodology is to divide the teams by their salary means. Then the win means will be
compared to determine if there's a significant difference in production of high salary teams and
lower salary teams. 1, teams with larger payrolls, will be defined as teams with payrolls that are
average or above average (see chart team A) and 2, teams with smaller payrolls, will be defined as
teams with less than average payrolls (see chart team B).
State the Level of Significance
Alpha:  =. 05=t.05 with 28 degrees of freedom=1.701(from Alex calculator)
Test static t (because  is unknown) Decision rule: if t>1.701 reject Ho
Calculation of test value t=xbar1–xbar2/the square root of s squared subscript p(1/n1+1/n2) s
squared subscript p=(n1–1)s squared2 subscript1+(n2–1)s squared2 subscript2]/n1+n2–2. The
numerator of the function, n1+n2–2, is the degrees of freedom.
Team A (1) Team B (2)
Sample Mean 85.86 76.88
Sample Stdev 10.65 9.42
Number 14 16
The t static = 88.86–76.88=11.98
The square root of
1474.493+1331.046/14+16–2(1/14+1/16)=
11.98the square root of 100.198(.134)=
11.983664=3.27
Decision
Since 3.27 the t statistic is in the rejection area to the right of =1.701, the level of

Examining The Age At Which Infants Recognize Other...
An experiment was performed to examine the age at which infants recognize certain outcomes as
impossible. Five–month old infants were tested in the procedure depicted in Figure 1. 3a. According
to Figure 1, the first step in the experimental procedure is that two identical objects are to be placed
into a case or box, these objects are primarily toys that would capture an infant's attention. The
infant would be roughly 5–months old, and the next step of the experimental would consist that the
screen that is hanging from the case or box is to be lifted up and cover the two objects from the 5–
month old infants vision. Within the third step the empty hand of the researcher doing the
experiment would come in from the same hole that it first came through when it first placed the two
objects in the case. The forth step of the experiment would consist of the hand taking one of the two
objects from the case which may or may not be seen being removed. In the fourth step an object
could also be added, which again can be hidden behind the screen or be completely seen by the 5–
month old infant. The fifth step of the experiment in turn would result in two ways, the first being
that the case that contained the two objects is now revealed to contain one. Now the second result
can end up in which the 5–month old infant is left to wonder and think as two why there may still be
two objects when there was clearly a hand that came in to take one object away. 3b. There are two
conditions that

Pollination Paper
Jonathan Varghese
Pollination Paper
Title
Pollinators show no preference between Goldenrod Plants and Aster Plants regardless of differences
in flower length.
Introduction
In this experiment, we observed the pollination of various plants by various pollinators in the
Binghamton University Nature Preserve. We collected data by observing various plants by the pond
trail area of the nature preserve and attempted to explain why some plants were structurally more
attractive to pollinators than other plants. While observing a variety of plants, it became clear that
the Goldenrod Plant and the Aster plant were the most attractive. This conclusion was drawn
because they attracted the most pollinators. In fact, data collected of the other ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The Chicory was pollinated by a total of 18 pollinators (8 Wasps, 2 Bumble Bees, 8 Honeybees).
The Knapweed was pollinated by a total of 8 pollinators (6 Bumble Bees, 2 Butterflies).
As discussed before, in order to study the structural attractiveness of a plant it needed to be
considered "significant" or have at least 30 points of pollinator data. The above bar graph displays
the only two observed plants that had 30 points of pollinator data over the course of the three days.
The Goldenrod plant had 35 points of data and the Aster plant had 42 points of data, making them
both significant enough to study further. Previous work by Koch classified both these plants as
Composite Flowers (1930). Given their similar internal structures, we would focus on a difference in
flower length, an external structure, to explain the differences in pollinator visitations. Previous
work by Gross& Werner has shown the average flower length of Goldenrod plants to be ¾ of an
inch (1983). Previous work by Harder has shown the average flower length of Aster plants to be 2
inches (1985).
Chi Square Data
Goldenrod Aster
Honey Bee .0086 .0086
Butterfly .2571 .225

Bumble Bee .25 .2469
Fly .3556 .2909
Wasp .089 .0743
2 = 1.806 df= 4
C= 9.5
2 C – Fail to reject null hypothesis Discussion
The Chi Square analysis above shows that

Math 533
Brief Introduction:
AJ Davis is a department store chain, which has many credit customers and want to find out more
information about these customers. AJ Davis has complied a sample of 50 credit customers with
data selected in the following variables: Location, Income (in $1,000's), Size (Number of people
living in the household), Years (number of years the customer has lived in the current location), and
Credit Balance (customers current credit card balance on the store's credit car, in $).
The manager at AJ Davis has speculated the following: a. The average (mean) annual income was
less than $50,000. b. The true population proportion of customers who live in an urban area exceeds
40% c. The average (mean) number of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
* My calculated test statistic of –2.07 falls in the rejection region of z < –0.1645, therefore, I
would reject the null hypothesis and say there is sufficient evidence to indicate u<50 or $50,000.
b. The true population proportion of customers who live in an urban area exceeds 40%
* 22 of the 50 surveyed live in the Urban area, which is 44% or 0.44, this is the point estimate for p.
* Therefore my hypothesis would be * Ho: = 0.40 vs. Ha: p>0.40
* In order to conduct the large sample z–test, we first need to verify that the sample size is large
enough. * nPo= 50(0.40) = 20 and 50 (1–0.44) = 30, both are larger than 15, so we can conclude that
sample size is large enough to apply the large sample z test.
* Z= (0.44 – 0.400)/ 0.69282= 0.58 where s phat= sqrt (((0.40) (0.60))/50= 0.069282
* This is a one tailed (upper or right since HA has ">"). Our rejection regions would be z >
1.645.
* 0.58 is not greater than 1.645 (and is not in the rejection regions) so we would not Reject the Ho.
* The p–value= 0.282. The p–value is another complementary and equally valid way we can
evaluate the null and alternative hypotheses is by looking at the p–value and compare the p–value to
alpha. If the p–value is less than alpha, reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative

Animal 's Ability Foraging Theory
Introduction
Within certain environments such as casinos or betting houses, it is not uncommon to see
individuals choose sub–optimally, meaning individuals will often choose options that offer a high
reinforcement outcome but with a lower probability of it occurring than a safer choice that would
offer less reinforcement but more reliably. In animals, it would be expected not to see this
behaviour, for instance, optimal foraging theory (Pyke, 1984) argues that an animal 's ability forage
ultimately effects there overall evolutionary fitness in terms of ability to survive and the ability for
the genes to be passed on. Therefore, choosing risky behaviour would ultimately be a deficit to their
survival. However rather Paradoxically, animals do indulge in very similar gambling behaviours to
that seen in humans (Stagner & Zentall, 2010).
Gipson, Alessandri, Miller, and Zentall (2009)was able to show this phenomenon to which they
provided pigeons with two alternative keys a 50% discriminative chain, meaning it had two light
that represented reinforcement or no reinforcement. A secondly a key that provided food 75%
reinforcement on a non–discriminatory chain, meaning that it had a single contingency. what they
found was that pigeons would choose the 50% alternative as opposed to the 75% chain despite it
providing far more food Stagner and Zentall (2010) at a better rate. Implying that gambling
behaviours are visible in animals. The Procedure is where pigeons are provided with the

Adhesive Patch Test
Melanoma diagnoses are solely dependent on visual assessment of pigmented lesions, which leaves
a margin of error when deciding lesions to biopsy; in turn, this leads to many invasive biopsies
yielding negative results (Ferris et al., 2017). This wastes valuable resources: money, dermatologists'
time, pathologists' fees (Gerami et al., 2017). The purpose of my research was to test the effects of a
non–invasive adhesive patch test in improving melanoma diagnoses. My research question was:
How does the use of DermTech non–invasive adhesive patch test impact overall melanoma
diagnosis in a dermatology clinic? My alternative hypothesis was that the DermTech noninvasive
adhesive patch test would improve diagnosis. My null hypothesis was ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, measuring quantitative statistics of negative invasive biopsies was an appropriate
method. I also assumed that there are no other changing factors in the clinic that impact melanoma
diagnosis. This lowered the external validity of my research and made it harder to generalize it to
other clinics, in other parts of the world. Although, the DermTech adhesive patch test claims to work
for all abnormal/atypical skin lesions (Gerami et al., 2017), I only studied melanoma due to the
limited number of patients at my clinic.
For my research sub–question, I compared the results of patients that had lesions biopsied and had
the DermTech test performed on the same lesion. I assumed that the invasive biopsy always yielded
correct results because the noninvasive DermTech was compared against it. I also had to assume that
the any results coming from the DermTech lab that claim to be indecisive were negative since they
have no utility in the diagnosing procedure.
My external validity was low since I only had access to one pathology lab and one dermatology
clinic. Furthermore, the clinic only had one dermatologist whose diagnoses I measured. The
dermatologist did not account for all age groups, levels of experience etc.
My research had high internal validity since the same dermatologist and nurses remained constant
throughout the course of the data that I collected. There have also been no other changes in

The Dual Coding Theory Of The Human Mind And Its Functions
Assignment introduction
Psychology is the scientific study of the human mind and its functions, including how it influences
our behaviour. Cognitive psychology is the study of human mental processes and their role in
thinking, feeling and behaving. It studies processes like attention, language use, memory, thinking,
problem solving, perception and creativity. Memory is the mental capacity to retain and revive
events, facts, impressions etc or recall and recognise previous experiences. We can remember
information for seconds, hours, weeks, months or years after the physical stimuli that was present
has ceased to occur or exist. This study will be based upon the dual coding theory (Pavio 1971)
which was a theory that explained the powerful ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bower studied the effect of creating a visual image to assist verbal recall. In one experiment, the
participants were given out 100 different cards, one at a time which each had two unrelated words
on it , like 'cat' and 'tree'. The participants either had to remember the pair or create a visual scene in
which both objects were featured. When the participants were given a cued recall test (given the first
of each pair of words), the group who created a visual scene recalled 80% of the target words,
whereas those who did not remember an image could only recall 45%. It was proven that the images
which were more unusual were easier to remember, for example it would be better to visualise a cat
living inside a tree, rather than a cat climbing up a tree as the first scene is more unlikely and
bizarre.
Experimental Hypothesis:
Individuals are more likely to recall words if it is given in picture form rather than just the word
shown alone.
Null Hypothesis:
Being shown images compared to just being showing the word does not change an individual's
ability to recall the word.
Method
The method of the study was to test whether being shown images to remember a word improves
recall of the given words in lab conditions.
Design
The design of this experiment was independent measures under lab conditions to ensure that the
most valid and comparable results were provided. Before the controlled experiment took

Essay on Bus310 Accounting Theory and Accountability
BUS310 ACCOUNTING THEORY AND ACCOUNTABILITY WORKSHOP 1 SOLUTIONS 1)
GHHT: Chapter 1: Theory in Action 1.1 The article describes how a particular theoretical approach
has been replaced by another. Explain why one theory replaces another, and who, or what,
determines whether an existing theory survives. A theory is primarily meant to explain or predict an
event, behaviour or outcome. Proponents of a theory look for evidence to support the theory. This
evidence should be independently observed and consistent after repeated observations. Some
theories are speculative or ideas or guesses floated to encourage researchers to undertake the
observations required to prove or disprove the theory. The question often debated is what comes ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2. Does the reintroduction of a theory mean that it should not have been replaced in the first place?
Theories about how the economy works and what will happen in the economy where there is
monetary policy or fiscal policy intervention are appropriate in assisting policy–makers understand
the possible implications of decisions they make or are under consideration. However, they are
rarely complete models and often outcomes cannot be predicted. Reintroduction of a theory suggests
that new evidence in support of the theory has been reported. 3. Should a theory be discarded if it
does not specify the means of achieving a stated objective? Explain your answer. The theory itself
doesn't have to specify the means of achieving a stated objective; however, it has to provide a sound
basis for explaining, defining and predicting behaviour. The application of the theory can have many
elements and it is in the interpretation of what will induce the predicted effects in the economy
predicted by the theory which will result in predicted or other stated outcomes. Q2) Readings 1.
Principal images that have shaped the development of accounting theory: Historical record: One of
the early objectives of historical cost accounting was stewardship. This meant that financial reports
were a report on how well management had safeguarded the

The Theory Of Psychology And Psychology
The unified approach refers to a common basis within a field in which all agree. Historically
psychology has tried to establish a unified approach using structuralism. Structuralism explores the
structure of the human mind by analysing consciousness into component parts. Psychologists later
excluded structuralism in exchange towards functionalism (Magnavita, 2005). Psychology is the
scientific study of behaviour and the mind. While behaviour can be directly observed for example
through actions and responses, the mind cannot directly be seen for example thoughts. Psychology
trusts upon the feedback of participants through gathering data and then analysing to conclude. All
research occurs while adhering to the BPS code of ethics. There are a variety of ways to study the
mind and behaviour and similarly there are a variety of approaches to psychology. Unlike chemistry
and physics, which adopt a singular purpose and agreed consensus. Psychology can be complex and
therefore cannot rely solely on one approach ( Gleitman, Reisberg & Gross, 2010) 2. The
psychodynamic approach was first stimulated by Sigmund Freud in 1896. He believed that not all
thoughts are conscious and all behavior has a cause. He argued that the majority of behaviours are
often innate or derive from early childhood experiences. He also argued that consciousness is
influenced by subconscious aspirations and thoughts. The approach emphasises the association
between subconscious efforts and the subsequent

Research On Magnetic Therapy
Psychological Claim
In the alternative medicine space, there is an assertion that magnetic therapy works to relieve pain.
The retail industry has exploited this belief and has turned the industry into a $1billion dollar
industry (Palermo, 2015.)
Research Question
Does magnetic therapy reduce pain in individuals suffering from chronic pain?
Methods
After identifying a research question, the next step in the scientific method is to do research.
Research should be performed using a credible source, such as a library or Google Scholar, and key
terms, such as magnetic therapy and pain management. It is important to ensure that the research is
from a respectable source and that it has been peered review to add credibility and reliability to ...
The null hypothesis is there is no change in the level of pain between a person wearing the bracelets
and a person not wearing the bracelets.
To test the hypothesis a sample of Fibromyalgia patients, through a partnership with chronic pain
specialists, should be selected. An ideal sample should include at least 60 participants evenly
divided into two groups, a control group and an experiment group. In order to prevent the specialist
from treating the two groups differently, the specialist should not know which group the participants
are in. Each participant should be fitted with identical looking ankle and wrist bracelets, the control
group will have non–magnetic bracelets and the experiment group will be magnetic. The specialist
will then see each patient each week for one month and document the results of their pain, as
typically chronicled by the specialist.
After the experiment is complete, the results will be compiled by group and by participant variables
such as age, gender, number of years the participant has been diagnosed with Fibromyalgia, and
other treatments tried. These results will be analyzed for correlations.
In a perfect study, the results for the full cohort will show the hypothesis is true or untrue, with no
ambiguity. However, the results are typically not that black and white, especially when data is sorted
by sub–groups based on the differing participant variables, and inconsistencies are found in the

Example Of An Alternative Hypothesis
Hypothesis:
If the sodas are diet or contain fake sugar then they will float.
Was your hypothesis supported? _Yes___
Explain why
Cans of regular soda are more dense because more sugar is added to them, the diet or no sugar sodas
float because they use less fake sweetener, more grams of sugar and in regular sodas than the
milligrams in diet sodas.
If your hypothesis was not supported, state why and present an alternative hypothesis
Can Set 2
Hypothesis:
If the sodas are diet or contain fake sugar then they will float.
Was your hypothesis supported? _Yes__
Explain why
Sparks contains 10g of carbohydrates, and sank.
If your hypothesis was not supported, state why and present an alternative hypothesis
If a soda can contains 10g

Building Blocks Learning Organizations Should Be Skilled...
Building blocks learning organizations should be skilled in are 1) Systematic problem–solving: A
wide range of organizations used this method worldwide since it depends on the scientific method. It
starts with making an observation, gathering data/information regarding that observation to form a
hypothesis. A hypothesis is a proposed description of the observation made on the available
evidence (in the form of data). One of the pioneers of the quality control, W Edward Deming calls it
"Plan, Do, Check, Act" cycle while others refer as "hypothesis–generating, hypothesis testing"
techniques. This method outlaw's focus on guess work or intuitive mode of problem–solving
considering self–made assumptions. Although the scientific method is time taking than intuitive
approach. The former leads to a high–quality solution and support effective problem–solving. One
can also derive this as the fact–based management since it first collects data, analyze it, draws
conclusions, and decides whether to proceed to the succeeding level or reject the hypothesis or
modify to further continue. Various simple statistical tools, for instance, histogram, Pareto charts,
correlations, cause and effect diagram assist in data analysis to draw results. The problem–solving
method is a beneficial method when it comes to solving a complex problem. Training programs
concentrate on problem–solving techniques using exercise and practical examples. Xerox has
mastered this approach below. Step 1. Problem

S. Albus Experiment
The aim of this experiment was to observe the effect different concentrations of Dettol had on the
growth of S. albus. The highest concentration of Dettol (100% – D) was predicted to be the most
effective solution to kill and stop the growth of this particular bacteria. This can be justified as S.
albus is gram–positive; easier bacteria to kill, developing resistance slower than a gram–negative.
Therefore, the highest concentration of antibiotic should be – and was – the most successful in
changing the pH levels, and killing S. albus. Through discussion and analysis of the results collected
through the experiment, it can be concluded that there is higher chance of killing and the growth of
this particular bacteria if 100% Dettol is used.
When ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It can be inferred that the more Dettol used, the larger the zone of inhibition will be. This was
predicted as Dettol is an antibacterial solution, therefore the higher the concentration is, the more
effective the substance is in killing bacteria; S. albus. Though the 100% Dettol concentration (D) is
clearly the most effective in stopping the growth of S. albus (average zone of inhibition diameter
being 20.12 mm), it may not be a healthy choice if using the product on skin. After looking closely
at the Agar plate, 'D' had burned away at parts of the disc, evidencing that using 100% Dettol on
your skin may lead to burns, justifying why it is not recommended on the company's bottle or
official website.
Through the analysis and understanding of the results table and concepts, it is evident that the
smallest diameter is solution 'A' (6mm) which can be compared to the largest diameter – that being
solution 'D' (23mm). This idea assists in justifying the hypothesis and research question as S. albus
was able to successfully grow in the incubator (hence why humans or warm–blooded animals are
generally the host of this bacteria), and the highest concentration of antibiotic was able to kill the
gram–positive

Student Data Analysis
Data Analysis Techniques
Before describing the current study, the authors gave detailed background information including,
references to studies and literature reviews on current policies addressing weapons in school,
students' likelihood of reporting, and the relationship between school climate and student outcomes.
(2010, pg. 353–356) Additionally, the author highlighted, "no research to date has examined both
school climate factors that influence reporting and different circumstances in which students are
willing to report other students carrying weapons. ( 2010, page 352–353). Wylie noted, (2010) for
this study the specific hypotheses below. The third hypothesis is the null hypothesis, because the
researcher predicts no relationship ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The reports showed dependent variables with dichotomous coding asking students if they would
report a student carrying a weapon. Following the dichotomous questions were more specific Likert
coded questions giving circumstances of how likely they would be to report if their were
consequences for themselves and for the weapon carrier. Furthermore, the results of the general
willingness to report did not show any statistical variance in terms of the structural characteristics of
the school(s). However, school climate statistically showed it affected the general willingness to
report in certain circumstances such as, students' having positive trusting relationships to adults,
students' collective identities and level of conflicts in the schools. The data noted that younger
students were more willing to report as well as, "students having fewer delinquent peers were more
willing to report weapons carrying than those who had delinquent peers, and students less involved
in delinquency were more willing to report than those involved in more delinquency." (2010, pg.
365). The data showed statistical differences exhibiting school environment did make a difference in
students' willingness to report weapons. The next set of data reported was a students' willingness to
report in the case that the student carrying a weapon would receive consequences. ( 2010, pg. 360).
Two of the schools statistically showed, in Table 1 on page 361, students' were more willing to
report if they knew the students carrying weapons would receive

Importance Of Biostatistics And A Critique
Importance of Biostatistics and a Critique
Biostatistics is an integral component of numerous developments particularly in technology and
modern medicine today. With biostatistics, we can gather data, analyze it, create a hypothesis, test its
validity and make a conclusion. This is essential because if we can make an inference from a sample
that represents a large population, not only we are able to save time, cost and effort but we are able
to arrive to a conclusion that could help us develop alternative treatments or tools in the future. For
instance, in concept practice 4, we assessed the usefulness of the iPhone rhinoplasty app for the
preoperative assessment of surgery. In this concept practice, we learned how to use hypothesis ...
A mean plot "provides a visual comparison of means and standard deviations" which includes
centers and spreads (Daddysman, Multiple–Sample Studies: Summaries and Estimation, 2017). A
box plot is a "graphical representation of the five–number summary...the minimum, 1st quartile
range, median, 3rd quartile range, and the maximum" (Daddysman, One–Sample Studies:
Summaries, 2017). And a scatterplot "graphically represents two–variable relationships...describing
its form, direction and strength" (Daddysman, Simple Linear Regression: Inference and Reporting,
2017). For instance, based on our graph in concept practice 9, we've learned the relationship
between our slope and our two variables – number of logins and the HBA1c results. As the number
of logins increase by 1 unit, the hbA1c results decrease by .0067. Each graphical summary is
important in understanding and comparing two variables to describe gathered data, determining
differences and arriving to a conclusion.
Biostatistics also taught us how to recognize study designs and write a summary and critique. This is
helpful because it identifies positive and negative aspects of the study and an opportunity for other
people to replicate the study and improve it. For instance, on the 26th of June 2017, I submitted a
summary and critique about hand–washing. This article was a replication of a previous study and an
extension

Quantitative Analysis For Business Class Studying For Week...
The Learning Team – A (LTA) in the Quantitative Analysis for Business class studying for Week
Four was both interesting and challenging for the team members. The members were comfortable
and uncomfortable with different and similar topics (steps in testing research hypothesis, comparing
means of two or more groups, and calculating the correlation between two variables). LTA reflects
back over the previous weeks studying and week's four topics. LTA member also expresses and
relates how the application is applied in his/her chosen field.
Previous Week's Reflection
Overall LTA discovered statistics consist of calculating everyday numerical data. Statistics consist of
classifying, analyzing, summarizing, organizing, and interpreting numerical data, according to
(McClave, Benson, & Sincich, 2011, p. 3). The team also discovered the following from the authors
among other pertinent information: Descriptive statistics. Discovered how to use numerical and
graph methods. Inferential statistics. Discovered how to use sample data to make predictions,
estimates, decisions, and other generalization regarding a larger set of data. Fundamental elements
of statistics. (1) Experimental units, (2) Population (3) Variable, (4) Samples, and (5) Statistical
inference.
During week four, LTA discovered the steps involve in testing research hypothesis and how to
accomplish this task. The learning team discovered the importance and how to prove and disprove
three research questions. The

Ap Statistics Chapter 7
Data File 5
Chapter Nine
Show all work
Problem 1)
A skeptical paranormal researcher claims that the proportion of Americans that have seen a UFO is
less than 1 in every one thousand. State the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis for a test
of significance.
Problem 2)
At one school, the average amount of time that tenth–graders spend watching television each week
is 18.4 hours. The principal introduces a campaign to encourage the students to watch less
television. One year later, the principal wants to perform a hypothesis test to determine whether the
average amount of time spent watching television per week has decreased. Formulate the null and
alternative hypotheses for the study described.
Problem ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When you enter group variable into grouping variable area, it will ask you to define the variables.
Click define groups and place the number 1 into 1 and the number 2 into 2). b) What is the
difference between the mean of the two groups? What is the difference in the standard deviation? c)
What is the null and alternative hypothesis? Do the data results lead you to reject or fail to reject the
null hypothesis? d) What do the results tell you?
Problem 3)
Lilly collects data on a sample of 40 high school students to evaluate whether the proportion of
female high school students who take advanced math courses in high school varies depending upon
whether they have been raised primarily by their father or by both their mother and their father. Two
variables are found below in the data file: math (0 = no advanced math and 1 = some advanced
math) and Parent (1= primarily father and 2 = father and mother).

Parent Math
1.0 0.0
1.0 0.0
1.0 0.0
1.0 0.0
1.0 0.0
1.0 0.0
1.0 0.0
1.0 0.0
1.0 0.0
1.0 0.0
1.0 0.0
1.0 0.0
1.0 0.0
1.0 0.0
1.0 0.0
1.0 0.0
1.0 0.0
1.0 0.0
1.0 0.0
1.0 0.0
2.0 0.0
2.0 1.0
2.0 1.0
2.0 1.0
2.0 1.0
2.0 1.0
2.0 1.0
2.0 1.0
2.0 1.0
2.0 1.0
2.0 0.0
2.0 0.0
2.0 0.0
2.0 0.0
2.0 0.0
2.0 0.0
2.0 0.0
2.0 0.0
2.0 0.0
2.0 0.0
a) Conduct a crosstabs analysis to examine the proportion of female high school

Sci 207 Week 4 Lab 4 Energy Sources and Alternative Energy...
SCI 207 WEEK 4 LAB 4 ENERGY SOURCES AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY – NEW
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SCI 207 WEEK 4 LAB 4 ENERGY SOURCES AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY – NEW
Lab 4 – Experiment 1: The Effects of Coal Mining
Table 1: pH of Water Samples
Water Sample Initial pH Final pH
Pyrite 5 5
Activated Carbon 5 7
Water 5 5 Hypothesis: The beaker with only water would be clear the carbon would turn black when
added and the other one will turn grey. Post–Lab Questions
1. Restate your hypothesis. Was it confirmed or denied? How do you know?
The beaker with only water would be clear the carbon ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The water remained clear but had air bubbles in the beaker.
1. What type of substance formed in the jars?
The substance I would have to say was the ball formation of the pyrite and the air bubbles in the
water.
1. What effect do you predict coal mining has on the environment?
I would have to say that from the reading that it can be very harmful for the coal mining chemicals
to seep into the ground into our drinking water.
1. What can be done to prevent mine drainage from damaging the ecosystem?
Maybe putting in some weeping system that would pull the water to a different location that could
drain into a container of some

Hypothesis Testing
Hypothesis Testing
Hypothesis testing is basically a process that uses statistical inference to test claims about population
parameters. In hypothesis testing we begin by making a tentative assumption about a population
parameter. This assumption is called the null hypothesis and is denoted by Ho. We then define
another hypothesis, called the alternative hypothesis, which is the opposite of what is stated is the
null hypothesis. The alternative hypothesis is denoted by Ha. The hypothesis testing procedure
involves using data from a sample to test the competing claims indicated by the null and alternate
hypotheses.
Testing the hypothesis is similar to a criminal trail. Ho: The defendant is innocent Ha: The ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Testing this will entail taking a sample of the 2–liter bottles and measuring their contents. In terms
of the hypotheses formulation you give the company the benefit of the doubt and assume that their
claim is true. Using this approach the hypothesis will be stated as given below: H0: [pic]> 67 Ha:
[pic]< 67
In a situation where we are testing the validity of an assumption, the null hypothesis is generally
formulated based on the assumption. The alternate hypothesis is formulated so that the rejection of
the null will provide statistical evidence that the stated assumption is incorrect.
Decision Making
A hypothesis–testing situation involving decision making occurs when a decision maker must
choose between two courses of action, one associated with the null hypothesis and the other with the
alternate hypothesis. For example, on the basis of a sample of parts from a shipment that has just
been received, a quality control inspector must decide whether to accept the shipment or return it to
the supplier because it does not meet specifications. Assume that a specification for the part
indicates a mean length of 1 inch per part is required. If the average length of the part is greater than
or less than the 1inch standard, the parts will cause quality problems. In this case the null and
alternative hypotheses would be formulated as follows: H0: [pic]=

Superflab, Uncooked Rice, Green Play-Dough
Results
The solid water was the control variable in the experiment and the investigators compared values
that resulted from irradiation of the solid water with each bolus' average Dmax. Table 1 recorded the
ratios that resulted from these values. ANOVA calculations from the values shown in Table 1
resulted in an F value of 762.65 and a P value of less than 0.0001. The investigator compared the
results between each individual group with a Tukey HSD test. When compared to one another, each
sample resulted in a P value less than 0.01.
Discussion
The results of this experiment support the rejection of the null hypothesis and predict there is a
difference between Superflab, uncooked rice, green Play–Doh, and orange Play–Dough when
providing the

Ethical Behavior At Rocky University
Ethical Behavior at Rocky University Ethical behavior should be expected from college students;
however, it is not always present. There is a moral obligation for students, earning a degree, that
they are in fact the ones doing the homework and tests. The prevalence of online institutions has
helped enable a multitude of working individuals earn a degree. Without the classroom setting, it is
arduous for a professor to ensure who is on the other end of the keyboard and monitor. In fact,
Gopala, Paswan, and Qin (2015) stated that regarding online classes and degree programs, "as a
component of distant–learning initiatives, have attracted a lot of attention from educational
institutions, administrators, policymakers, and society at large. According to results of Pew Research
Center 2011 Surveys, about 23 percent of college graduates have taken online courses" (p. 67).
Rocky University has conducted a survey asking 90 of its students whether or not he or she may
have cheated on any assignments. Rocky University is interested in comparing itself with other
Universities as well as setting a benchmark of its own situation. The following will enable the reader
to understand just where Rocky stands after the results of the survey are tallied. Overview of the
Rocky University Survey The data analyzed herein, were gathered from 90 of Rocky University
students. There were 46 female respondents and 44 male respondents. Each was asked a series of
three questions: have you ever copied

Brine Shrimp Essay
The purpose or the significance of the experiment was to see if brine shrimp can survive in different
salinities of saltwater. The experimental (alternative) hypothesis was supported, because in figure 1
it showed that there was an increase of the average (mean) of survival rate of the brine shrimp when
the salinity level (in grams) increased. It was in Figure 1 and it shown that the rates had higher
numbers (increased survival rates) and the lower salinities had lower survival rates. The raw data
also had shown that higher numbers were in the higher salinities rather than in the lower salinities.
The salt had an effect on the Brine Shrimp, is because the more the more salt they had (being a
saltwater species) would lead to more surviving unlike a lower salinity which did not have enough
salt to support the DV (the Brine Shrimp). In the literature review, we stated that others have also
shown that the higher the salinity, the higher chances of the brine shrimp surviving in the saltwater.
We were uncertain about the brine shrimp of not having high survival rates in lower salinities, due to
the brine shrimp species mainly don't live in high salinity areas. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Also another error could have been the temperature of the water, the water temperature was all the
same for each different brine shrimp, but it could have had a better chance of living in a higher or
lower water temperature. There weren't many methods to see how many brine shrimp were alive,
due to they were very small. So then, the only efficient way was to use an eye dropper and count
how many from each eye drop. Also, the scales that were used, were able to come close (rounded
number) to the exact number of salt. The results can be generalized to all salinities shrimp live

Hypothesis and Research Question Essay example
Research questions are formulated in a study to inquire about variables, both independent and
dependent variables, and the relationship between them. Research questions are categorized into
two, that is, qualitative and quantitative research questions. Qualitative questions are used in
qualitative research like case studies, surveys and action research where the approach is non–
numerical and analyses special phenomena that occur in nature. Quantitative research on the other
hand is more of a systematic approach with measurable numerical quantities that go through
analysis to prove a hypothesis. Finally, the research hypothesis is either approved or disapproved
with regards to the results of the analysis (Laureate Online Education B.V. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It must be logical, and provide a concrete base for any differences between the variables. It must
also be simple and clear.
A hypothesis can state the following: there exists a positive relationship between employee
performance and flexible working hours. Whereas a research question could generally be: do
flexible working hours affect workers productivity? You can clearly see that the hypothesis states
clearly and it is more specific in its prediction unlike the research question (eNotes.com, Inc 2011).
Hypothesis is typically used in quantitative research only. Moreover, when a question poses an
inquiry on the relationship between two variables, a hypothesis is a statement declarative in nature
of the relationship between different variables (Pajares 2007). A researcher chooses whether to use a
question or a hypothesis depending on the purpose of the research, its objectives, the methodology
for the research and the preference of the audience to receive the research. A researcher must be able
to interpret the final outcome with reference to the research questions or the hypothesis used
(Pajares 2007). A research requires a minimum of two hypotheses namely a null and an alternative
hypothesis.
So, somebody can make a certain observation and come up with a hypothesis about how and why a
phenomenon occurs the way it is. Hypothesis could be

Daphnia Lab Report
Effects of Temperature Changes and the Chemicals Acetylcholine and Epinephrine on the Heart
Rate of Daphnia magna
Anna Rasavong
B01241659
BY124L Section B7
13 November 2014 Introduction
Daphnia magna, arthropods of the subphylum Crustacea, are widely used during laboratory
experiments because they are very sensitive to many environmental parameters including
temperature and chemical contaminants (Cornell, 2009). In this experiment, Daphnia magna were
tested under different experimental factors, including temperature changes and exposure to different
chemical, in order to observe the effect of environmental conditions on their heart rate.
Generally, kinetic energy increases as temperature increases causing molecules ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Regarding temperature changes, the null hypothesis is that their heart rate will remain constant
regardless of increasing or decreasing the external temperature of the Daphnia. The alternative
hypothesis is that the heart rate will increase with more heat and will decrease with a decrease a
decrease in temperature, meaning that heart rate and temperature are directly related. In regards to
the chemicals acetylcholine and epinephrine, the null hypothesis is that both chemicals will have no
effect on the heart rate of the Daphnia. In contrast, the alternative hypothesis is that their heart rate
will increase with exposure to epinephrine and decrease with exposure to

Impact of Capital Structure and Dividend Policy on...
Title: Impact of Capital Structure and Dividend Policy on Shareholders' Value 1. Introduction
Dividend policy has been an issue of interest in financial literature as many theories have been
established to estimate weather this effects the overall value of the firm.Dividend policy connotes to
the payout policy, which managers pursue in deciding the size and pattern of cash distribution to
shareholders over time. Managements' primary goal is shareholders' wealth maximization, which
translates into maximizing the value of the company as measured by the price of the company's
common stock. This goal can be achieved by giving the shareholders a "fair" payment on their
investments. However, the impact of firm's dividend policy on ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Then we use Microsoft Excel to formulate and calculate Dividend payout ratio, capital structure,
Return on Asset, Listing years of particular companies, Log of Total asset, Capitalization and TQ.
Then we have put finding data into excel worksheet and used those data to run regression and
distributive analysis on a SPSS like software, STATA.
After acquiring the analyzed data we dissected them for their interpretation and came to decision
through Z test, which one should be accepted and which one will be rejected.
We have given our findings, data, and workings both in this report and in softcopies of spreadsheet.
5.1 Sample:
We were given twenty companies to analyze and decide that, which has the greater impact or impact
on shareholder's value in between Capital structure and Dividend policy. We have succeed to collect
data of 2010–2011 of 18 individual companies. They are; Golden Son Ltd; Kay and Que; Eastern
Cables ; Monno Jute Stafflers; Navana CNG Limited; National Polymer; National Tubes; Olympic
Industries; Quasem Drycells; Rangpur Foundry; S. Alam Cold Rolled Steels Ltd.; Singer
Bangladesh; AMCL (Pran); Apex Foods; Bangas; British American Tobacco Bangladesh LTD.;
Beach Hatchery Ltd; Chittagong Vegetable ; 5.2 Data
The

Self Control Theory : A General Theory Of Crime
Self–control theory hypothesizes that self–discipline explains a variance in the extent to which
people are susceptible to specific urges, whether committing criminal or non–criminal actions.
Travis Hirschi and Michael Gottfredson gave rise to self–control theory in their book named A
General Theory of Crime. Because its creators define the self–control theory as a "general theory of
crime", to them it is believed that this theory can be implemented to multiple behaviors where a
person is not capable to resist desires, which allow for a quick self–gratification. Not only this, but
Gottfredson and Hirschi also trust that the self–control theory describes the flexibility of crime;
because of this, it is appropriate to assume that criminals are also expected to partake in other
dangerous behaviors seen as innocent by the law (Kubrin, Stucky, and Krohn 187).
Self–control theory operates under the assumption that willpower is developed early on in childhood
and from thereafter it is relatively stable throughout the remainder of that individual's life. Hirschi
and Gottfredson state that low–self control can be determined by an individual's propensity to have
behaviors revolving around being "impulsive, insensitive, physical, risk–taking, short–sighted, and
non–verbal" while also having a "here and now" attitude towards situations (Kubrin, Stucky, and
Krohn 186–187).
This theory mainly focuses on the belief that low self–control is caused by inadequate parenting. By
not

How Technological Advancements Have Influenced Forensic...
Introduction Technologies are advancing in today's world where more information is being
generated, stored and distributed through digital gadgets. This requires investigators and forensic
expert to increase the use of digital evidence gathering as a tool to fight against cyber–crime
(International competition network, n.d.). There are several process and challenges found during
examining process. In process there is a model called "process model" which is a step to prepare,
collect, examine, analysis and report the evidences. Preparation: During an investigation the needed
task is to prepare equipment and tools. Collection: Electronic evidence to be searched for and
collected. o Secure and Evaluate the Scene: To identify potential ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover higher official instruct first responder to leave the discovered mobile device to be
powered on at the crime scene. However forensics equipment such as Faraday bag are reliable but
cannot be fully guaranteed the signal will not reach the phone, in order to block the phone from
receiving data. Lastly, criminal investigation can be preceded by suppression hearing where the
judge look at the evidence and determines if an unreasonable search violated a defendant's
constitutional right In this case, the forensic investigator has to follow the laws that deal with
evidences. In overall, obtaining legal evidence from a mobile device is vital. David W (Bennett ,
August 20, 2011). Even though, electronic evidence poses special challenges, following proper
forensic procedures as listed above will meet these challenges (Technical Working Group, july
2001). There are eight sections in this paper, first section is the introduction about digital evidence
examination process and its challenges, second section is about describing digital evidence, third
section is explanation about principles of cyber forensics, fourth section is about examination
process, section 5 will discuss about Process model for Inculpatory and Exculpatory cases. Sixth
section will discuss about crime reconstruction hypotheses. Seventh section discuss about alternative
hypotheses and their importance, and finally, Last section concludes the paper. Digital evidence

The Scientific Method Is An Endless Cycle Of Logical And...
The scientific method is an endless cycle of logical and rational order of steps that consists of
observation, regularity, theory, prediction, and testing (Trefil & Hanzen, 2013). The scientific
method is a way for individuals to ask and answer scientific questions by making observations and
conducting experiments. The scientific method is a process used to ensure that the experiments
conducted can provide a good answer or solution to a specific question. The steps of the scientific
method include: ask a question, gather information and make observations, guess the answer,
conduct experiments and test the hypothesis, analyze the results of the tests, and come to a
conclusion.
For the first scenario, the problem is the lemon– pepper seasoning for the chicken wings is missing
and there is only one hour left to prepare the dish for guests. The data: after washing and drying the
chicken wings, I went to the pantry to get some lemon–pepper seasoning. After searching all the
shelves in the pantry I realized that I was out of lemon–pepper seasoning. I must formulate possible
solutions to the problem and the following questions: how long will it take to cook the wings, what
other ingredient or ingredients can I use to replace the seasoning, when will I have time to go buy
more lemon– pepper seasoning, who can I send to the store to get a replacement, which shall I use
bottled lemon juice or the juice from a freshly squeezed lemon, and where could I have possibly
stored the

Hypothesis Social Work
ASSIGNMENT SW–4 ON RESEARCH IN SOCIAL WORK HYPOTHESIS
NAME= ITULUNGBE
ROLLNO= G2015PH006
COURSE= MASW PUBLIC HEALTH 2ND SEM
SUBMITTED SUBMITTED TO BY
DR. YASIR BHAT ITULUNGBE
DATE OF SUBMISSION: 20–03–2016
INTRODUCTION
Hypothesis is an assumption which is base on reasoning about the studied of the research topic. The
word hypothesis is a combination of two words the first one is hypo, which means under or less than
or tentative. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Accept exploratory research in which formulation of hypothesis is impossible. Hypothesis is the
main phenomena of all the research to be carried out successfully because it is base on the reality
assumption and understanding after reasoning the factual problems. Hypothesis is the main key to
success the legal research without hypothesis a research is unfocussed. The hypothesis gave genuine
idea and clarity of particular research. The non–legal doctrine research can be known as research
which is based on the empirical study by using either primary or secondary data, relying solely on
observation and experiment not on theory. The empirical research is an enquiry that attempts to
discover and verify general rules allowing us to understand why human beings behave the way they
prefer. In conclusion both researches are equally important because it differ from each other with
different

A Research Study On The Null And Alternative Hypothesis
There are a variety of topics that are interesting in life. This interest may then become a point of
inquisition, where an individual may formulate a relationship between two variables, which may or
may not influence each other. Next, a hypothesis is formed and tested. In this same manner, a school
educator was interested in determining the potential relationship between grade point average (GPA)
and IQ scores among ninth graders. The educator random sampled 30 ninth graders, ages 14 years
old and administered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fourth Edition (WISC–IV). This
writer will be expanding further on this topic and will formulate the null and alternative hypothesis,
describe the four scales of measurement, describe whether if there is a correlation significant
(positive, negative, or no correlation) enough between both variables, describe the strength of the
relationship, describe what the results reveals about the hypothesis, and what conclusions can be
drawn from the results.
Null and alternative hypothesis The null hypothesis would reflect as if there is no difference
between both variables (Malec & Newman, 2013). The null hypothesis would indicate that there is
no relationship between GPA and IQ. The alternative hypothesis would indicate another option,
which is contrary to the null and may or may not be directional (Malec & Newman, 2013). The
alternative hypothesis would be, that there is a relationship between GPA and IQ. This writer agrees
with

Philosophy
Handout 1–3
Methods of Research
Research, systematic inquiry aimed at the discovery of new knowledge, is a central ingredient of the
scientific method in psychology. It provides the key to understanding the degree to which
hypotheses (and the theories behind them) are accurate. Just as we can apply different theories and
hypotheses to explain the same phenomena, we can use a number of alternative methods to conduct
research.
In this exercise, you will learn more about several methods of research that psychologists use to gain
new knowledge about human behavior and ethical concerns psychologists face when conducting
research.
1. You are conducting research on sex differences in e–mails. Your hypothesis is that men use more
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Additionally, the habitat or environment cannot be controlled when making the observations.
3. You have decided to conduct a survey on whether a given political candidate will be popular with
Latino voters.
* What is an advantage of the survey method?
The survey method can be advantageous to show that a political candidate would be popular
amongst Latino votes because a larger population can be surveyed. This would show the attitudes of
those surveyed. * What is a disadvantage of the survey method?
The disadvantage is that the participants may not accurately or honestly answer the questions for
fear of having socially unacceptable attitudes.
4. You have decided to use the case study method to investigate a mother's experience in raising a
child with autism.
* What is an advantage of the case study method?
When studying a child with autism the case study method provides an in–depth and intense
investigation of the individual and their behaviors. This provides a better understanding of the
individual.

* What is a disadvantage of the case study method?
The disadvantage is that the child is unique and the results couldn't be associated to the larger
populations because the results may not apply to all or represent the larger population accurately.
5. When conducting research what are some of the ethical concerns that must be addressed?
Ethical concerns to be address

Implications Of The El Greco Fallacy : Perceptions And...
The research conducted in the "top–down" effects in perception research was guided by the El
Greco fallacy. Here, it is brought to the attention of findings that distortions must have any
alternative explanation besides a literal perceptual distortion. Researchers applied this theory
because of the fact that distortions must cancel each other out, since the means of reproduction
should be distorted as was the stimulus being reproduced. In their research, authors asked if higher–
level states such as moods, action capabilities, and knowledge are truly effects on perception, or if
subjects reflect influences on memory or bias. The key question attempting to be answered here is,
what determines how things look? After experiment 1 results confirm that holding a rod decreases
subjects' perception of aperture width estimates, in experiment 2 researchers ask if this confirmation
reflect literal perceptual compression of the apertures. Experiment 3 asks what explains aperture–
compression effects. Researchers hypothesize that the aperture–width effects should disappear once
the subjects think the rod is being held for a purpose other than for "balance". For experiment 4,
researchers ask if reflecting on unethical deeds from subject's past will estimate a low brightness of
room. The question that guided the research in experiment 5, which applied the El Greco fallacy, is,
is the effect of ethical reports on lightness judgments actually perceptual? The hypotheses were
justified on

Science and Investigatory Project
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
1. Get an idea. All of the following steps will base on your idea. Make sure it doesn't break any rule
or else you might get disqualified. You can search for it if you don't have any idea. 2. Form a title.
Usually titles are in a form of a question. This are examples. The question can start in how, does and
many other. Does temperature affect the growth of molds?
Does salt affect the density of water?
3. Research your idea. You have to know your idea more. You can do this by reading, surfing the
Internet or discussing it. Knowing your idea more will help you construct your work. 4. Form a
hypothesis. Hypothesis will be your prediction in the idea that you choose. You don't need to
research for this. You just have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It has an objective or purpose. It should not be written too long or too short. By just reading the title,
you can determine what the investigative study is all about.
Abstract
The Abstract should be one or two paragraphs only. It includes your research problems, the method
or procedure that you used and the findings or conclusion of the study.
Chapter I
1. Introduction and Its Background
The Introduction is about one page only wherein it includes the background of the study and its
rationale. It usually leads into the research problem.
2. Statement of the Problem
The Statement of the Problem has two categories namely: the general problem and specific
problems. Usually, one general problem and three specific problems which derived from the general
problem. The research problems should be specific, reliable,valid, measurable, objectively stated. It
can be a question form or in a declarative statement.
3. Formulation of the Hypothesis
The Formulation of the Hypothesis has two types namely: the null hypothesis and affirmative
hypothesis. Hypotheses is a scientific guess which intends subject for thorough investigation. It is
recommended to use null hypothesis in your research project.
4. Significant of the Study
The Significant of the Study indicates how important is your investigatory project for the people,
environment and community as a whole. It is really relevant in the changing world or global impact
into the field

3a Toddler Experiment
3a.The first step of the experimental procedure depicted in Figure 1 is two dolls are positioned in a
box and then shown to the toddlers. The second step is a screen or wall is placed in front of the
dolls, giving the toddlers no sight of the dolls. The third step is an empty hand emerges. The fourth
step is the hand removes a doll from within the box. The fifth step is the screen or wall is removed
and then either there is now one doll present which would be the possible outcome, or the two dolls
are still there in which would be the impossible outcome. 3b. This experiment involves two different
conditions. However the condition that is most appropriately called the experimental condition
would be the impossible outcome because unlike the possible outcome where the toddlers might
know the result, it is the impossible outcome that gives the toddlers no sense of what to expect. ...
In this experiment, a separate control group would be needed to demonstrate more comparable data
with a regulation, and show the differences on how the infants observe both the possible and
impossible outcomes. For this particular experiment, the possible outcome would be the control
group. 3c. As mentioned before as the Habituation technique, this technique is applied in this
experiment to test if the toddlers response or stare time would decline when shown the two dolls
they have already viewed, or their response would be fast and their stare time increase, also known
as dishabituation. The independent variable for this experiment would be both the possible and
impossible outcomes, and the dependent variable would be the toddlers' amount of staring

Reflection Paper On Action Experience And Joint Engagement...
When trying to choose which paper I was going to report on, I initially was looking for articles that
had to either entirely or more–or–less deal with a topic that we covered in class; because of this, I
was going to read the experiment that dealt with object permanence. However, after reading a small
portion of that experiment, it couldn't really grasp my attention, so I basically just went through the
other articles looking for the titles that caught my attention the most. After looking through all of the
articles, it came down to the articles about action experience and joint engagement. Because I was
torn between the two, I read a little bit – mostly the introduction – of both reports, and I could easily
tell that this report, the one on joint engagement, would interest me more just because I could
comprehend the study better and it just overall seemed much more intriguing when it comes to child
development. To say the least, I am glad I chose this article over the other one because I found
myself really engaged in what the study had to offer. I was very interested in the study and the
overall experiment that I even found myself asking my own questions. Article Summary Each
response should completely answer the question, and be at least 200 words in length. 1. Why was
the study conducted? To answer this in a very broad explanation, the study was conducted to see
how children, primarily those that are of fourteen months of age, were able to understand the
knowledge that

The Basic Components Of Launching Learning Organization
Continuous improvement programs is an uninterrupted effort to create entities superior and
countless organizations rely on these for enhanced improvements. But why we need it? What we
want from it? Why build it? A key prerequisite towards learning demands a strong commitment.
However, an absenteeism of inclination to acquire fresh techniques, the organization is certain of
reiterating the unchanged traditional methods. These act as a pull–down force against improvement.
Three M's: Method, management and measurement are the basic components of launching learning
organization. Moreover, a proper understanding of the basic components is necessary for moving
forward. A fresh perception for problem–solving, experimentation, learning from past experiences &
others and transferring knowledge is essential for developing long lasting improvements. Various
executives from Analog devices, Chaparral Steel, Xerox, IBM, and Boeing have understood their
shortcomings and developed an improved version with the modern viewpoint. Motorola executives
used the benchmarking approach for the organization. Garvin refers to various terminologies about
the learning organization by different scholars such as Peter Senge and Nonoka. Senge recommends
the use of five component technologies that consists of system thinking, personal mastery, mental
models, shared visions & team building to achieve the learning organization. Furthermore, Nonoka
strategy claims about account focus thinking, encourage

Hcs/438 Dq's Essay
HCS/438 DQ's
Week 1:
DQ1: What are the differences between descriptive and inferential statistics?
According to Bennett (2009), the biggest difference between descriptive and inferential statistics is
that descriptive statistics "deals with describing raw data in the form of graphics and sample of
statistics" and inferential statistics "deals with estimating population parameters from sample data."
This means that inferential statistics would be an estimate because the data would be estimated from
sample data rather than using specific data whereas descriptive statistics would be more accurate.
An example of descriptive statistics would be trying to find an average of something such as a
G.P.A. or your overall grade in a class. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We come up with the number 7. 7 would be the mean in this case.
"The median is the middle value of the data set. To find a median we arrange the values in ascending
(or descending) order, repeating data values that appear more than once. If the number of values is
odd, there is exactly one value in the middle of the list, and this value is the median. If the number
of values is even, there are two values in the middle of the list, and the median is the number that
lies halfway between them. For an example the list 3, 4, 6, 6, 10. The median number is 6 because 6
is the middle number in the list." (Bennett, Briggs, & Triola, 2009, p. 146).
"The mode is the most common value or group of values in a data set. For an example the mode in
the number set 3, 4, 6, 6, 10 is 6 because this value occurs twice in the data set."(Bennett, Briggs,
& Triola, 2009, p. 146).
We would use mean, median and mode in healthcare to find the average of many things such as how
effective a new medication would be on the average population. Or how far into a new treatment
patients start seeing results or improvements. Bennett, J.O., Briggs, W.L., & Triola, M.F.
(2009). Statistical Reasoning for Everyday Life (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education Inc
DQ2: Measures of variability are range, Interquartile range, variance, and standard deviation. Range
is the difference between the highest and the lowest

Essay on Applied Managerial Dision Making
Applied Managerial Decision Making
MGMT600–1301B–03
Phase 3 individual project
Rocklyn Kee
Colorado Technical University Online
Professor Donald Pratl
March 11, 2013
There are 500 employees in the sales force of Company W that are spread out over Southeast,
Northeast, West, and Central regions. The company has recently incorporated a new software
program in and attempt to monitor how many sales are generated by each employee. It is expected
that each month each region should sell the same aamount of products. It has been noted that over
the last three months however that this expectation has only been reached by half of the employees
in each region. Before a decision can be made on possible theories as to why this is, some ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There will be no formulated statements from non–parametric analysis in regard to the information
that is presented by the researcher. The ANOVA, (analysis of variation) is a commomlly used
method of non–parametric. The researcher does an analysis with the ANOVA to see if there is a
differentation among groups, and if the mean of them are the same. With a null hypothesis the
ANOVA will determine if the information that has been presented has the same means, while with
the alternative hypothesis it will determine if the information has defferent means. CTU Online,
(2013)
There is a one way method and a two way method for an ANOVA analysis that can be used by the
researcher. There is only one factor for the researcher to test for equality of the presented
information in the one way method, and the two way mwthod allows for distinguishing if there may
be another factor. * Chi–Square Distribution Use
Two types of information can typically be generarted when variables have no pattern, categorical or
numerical. Researchers' employ using the chi–square distribution in order to unmask the distinctions
and to see if they are independent. Categorical variables are specific variables with no fixed
numerical value, and numerical type variables are numerical. In this

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