2. What are the structures of the urinary system?
4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system
2
3. Kidneys (2)
Ureters (2)
Bladder
Urethra
Urinary meatus
4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system
3
4. Kidneys
Most important excretory organ
• Bean-shaped
• Located between peritoneum
(abdomen) and the back
muscles (retroperitoneal)
• Held in position by connective
tissue
• Enclosed in an adipose capsule
• Protected by the ribs
• Right is lower than left due to
liver
4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system
4
5. Kidneys
External structures
Renal capsule
Renal hilum
Internal structures
Renal cortex
Renal medulla
Renal pelvis
4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system
5
6. External kidney
Renal capsule
• encloses each kidney and
its blood vessels
• Mass of fat tissue (adipose)
Renal hilum
Indentation that gives the
kidney its bean-shaped
appearance
4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system
6
7. Internal kidney
• Renal cortex
Outer layer
• Renal medulla
Middle layer
• Renal pelvis
Innermost layer
4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system
7
8. Renal cortex
Composed of millions of
microscopic functional units
called nephrons
4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system
8
9. Nephron
Functional unit of
kidney
• Renal corpuscle
Bowman’s capsule
Glomerulus
• Renal tubule
Proximal convoluted
tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting tubules
4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system
9
Each kidney contains about
1.3 MILLION nephrons!
10. Renal medulla
Inner, striated layer
RENAL PYRAMIDS are
the striated cones.
Base of each pyramid
faces cortex, while apex
empties into cuplike
cavities called
CALYCES
Renal columns
Located between
the pyramids
Cortical tissue
4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system
10
11. Renal pelvis
• Funnel shaped
structure at the
beginning of the ureter
4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system
11
12. Ureters
• Muscular tube
extending from
each kidney to the
urinary bladder
• Lined by a mucous
membrane
• 10-12” long
4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system
12
Ureters
13. Urinary bladder
• Hollow muscular organ
• Located in pelvic cavity
• Made of elastic fibers and
involuntary muscles
4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system
13
14. Urethra
• Connects the bladder
to the outside of the
body
Female 1-2” long
Male 4-6” long
Urinary meatus
• Opening to the outside
of the body
4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system
14
Female
Male
15. What are the structures of the urinary system?
4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary
system 15
Notes de l'éditeur
Renal fascia covers the renal capsule
Reddish brown
Most of the nephrons are located within the cortex. Each kidney has over 1 million nephrons. All together there is almost 140 miles of filters and tubes in the two kidneys. Bowmans capsule- a double walled hallow capsuleGlomerulus- knotty ball of capillariesProximal convoluted tubule- twisted tubular branch coming from the Bowmans capsuleLoop of Henle- located in the medulla. Has a straight decending limb, a loop, and a striaght ascending limbDistal convoluted tubule- once the loop of henle returns to the cortexCollecting tubule- large straight tubule which empties into the renal pelvis