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PRADİGMA DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ
TOPLUM BAZLI KİŞİSELLEŞTİRİLMİŞ
Herkese aynı yöntem
• Cins ve yaş temelli arama
Her kişiye özgün yöntem
• RİSKE GÖRE TARAMA
• KİŞİSEL TERCİHLERE
GÖRE TARAMA
• YARAR/ZARAR
HESABININ YAPILDIĞI
Breast Cancer Screening in an Era of Personalized Regimens
A Conceptual Model and National Cancer Institute Initiative for Risk-Based and
Preference-Based Approaches at a Population Level Cancer October 1, 2014
2955
National Cancer Institute. PROSPR Research Sites & Principal
Investigators. appliedresearch.cancer.gov/networks/prospr/sites.html.
REHBERLER
• ACS 40-44 HT 45-54 yıllık 55 üstü 1-2 yılda bir
• ACR SBI 40 yaş üstü yılda bir
• NCCN 40 üstü yılda bir
• USPSTF 40-49 HT 50-74 2 yılda bir
1976 2017
• MAMOGRAFİ
• KLİNİK MEME
MUAYENESİ
• KENDİ KENDİNE
MEME MUAYENESİ
• MAMOGRAFİ
(tomosentez)
(Kontrast mamografi
• ULTRASONOGRAFİ
(konvansiyonel)
(ABUS)
• MRG
35-39
kişisel meme
ca öyküsü
varsa
40-49 Birinci
derece
akrabasında
meme ca varsa
50 ve üstü
yıllık
35-39
baseline
mamografi
40-49
klinisyenine
danışsın
50 ve üstü
yıllık
35-39
baseline
mamografi
40-49
Her 1-2 yılda
bir
50 ve üstü
yıllık
40-49
Her 1-2 yılda
bir
50 ve üstü
yıllık
40 yaş ve üzeri
Yıllık
40 yaş ve üzeri
Yıllık, sağlıklı
olduğu sürece
devam etmeli
40-44
hasta isterse
45 – 54
(Yıllık)
55 ve üzeri
Her 2 yılda bir
veya hasta
isterse yıllık
Lise
yıllarında
başlansın
(Aylık)
Lise
yıllarında
başlansın
(Aylık)
20 ve
üzeri
(Aylık)
20 ve
üzeri
(Aylık)
20 ve
üzeri
(Aylık)
20 ve üzeri
(İsteğe
Bağlı)
20 yaş
sonrasında
periyodik
yapılmalı
20-39 üç
yılda bir,
40 üstü
(Yıllık)
20-39 üç
yılda bir,
40 üstü
(Yıllık)
20-39 üç
yılda bir,
40 üstü
(Yıllık)
20-39 üç
yılda bir,
40 üstü
(Yıllık)
Genel sağlık
kontrolunun
bir parçası
olarak20-39
üç yılda bir
periyodik,
40 üstü
Yıllık periyodik
ACS GUIDELINES
Mamografi
Kendi Kendine
Meme
Muayenesi
(BSE)
Klinik Meme
Muayenesi
(CBE)
1976 1980-1982 1983-1991
1992-
March 1997
March 1997-
May 2003
May 2003-
October 2015
October 2015-
Present
Yapılmasın
Yapılmasın
Research does not show a clear benefit of
physical breast exams done by either a
health professional or by yourself for breast
cancer screening.
Due to this lack of evidence, regular clinical
breast exam and breast self-exam are not
recommended
ACS 2015
MEME MANSERİ TARAMASI
RADYOLOĞUN İŞİ
KİŞİSELLEŞTİRİLMİŞ TARAMADA
AMAÇ
TIBBİ AÇIDAN (RADYOLOJİK)
• İnterval kanser oranını azaltmak
• Yüksek riskli hastayı daha erken tarama
• Yüksek riskli hastayı daha sık tarama
• Yüksek riskli hastaya MG ye ilave
taramalar yapma
KİŞİSELLEŞTİRİLMİŞ TARAMADA
AMAÇ
ÖDEYİCİ AÇISINDAN
• Maliyetleri azaltmak
• Daha geç taramaya başlamak
• Daha seyrek tarama yapmak
• Taramayı daha erken bırakmak
• Hiç taramamak
KİŞİSELLEŞTİRİLMİŞ TARAMA
ÖNERİLERİ
DÜŞÜK RİSK GRUBUNA DAHA
SEYREK VE DAHA GEÇ YAŞTA
TARAMA ÖNERMEKTEDİR.
AMA MEME KANSERİNİN GENÇ
YAŞ HASTALARDA BÜYÜME HIZI
DAHA YÜKSEKTİR
YÜKSEK RİSKLİ HASTALARDA MEME KANSERİ
• Daha hızlı büyüme eğilimindedir
• Daha erken yaşta ortaya çıkar
• Mamografilerde daha zor tanınır
• Tedaviye daha az yanıt verir
AMA DÜŞÜK RİSKLİ HASTALAR İÇİN
TERSİ DOĞRU DEĞİL
ACS/ACR X USPSTF
REHBERLERİ
KARŞILAŞTIRILDIĞINDA
mortalite düşüşü
% 39,6 dan
%23,6 ya geriliyor
Mortalite azalmasındaki
gerileme % 71 oluyor
Hendrick RE, Helvie MA. United States Preventive Services Task
Force screening mammography recommendations: science ignored.
AJR 2011; 196:[web]W112–W116
SADECE YÜKSEK RİSKLİ
HASTALAR TARANSA İDİ
• Risk kapsamına göre değişmekle birlikte
meme kanserlerinin sadece % 70-80 i
atlanacaktı
• Çünkü: En major risk faktörü kadın olmak
De Waard F, Collette JG, Rombach JJ, et al. Breast cancer screening with particular reference to the
concept of ‘high risk’ groups. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1988; 11:125–132
Paci E, Del Turco MR, Palli D, et al. Selection of high-risk groups for breast cancer screening:
evidence from an Italian multicentric case control study. Tumori 1988; 74:675–679
Destounis SV, Arieno AL, Morgan RC, et al. Comparison of breast cancers diagnosed in screening
patients in their 40s with and without family history of breast cancer in a community outpatient
facility. AJR 2014; 202:928–932
40-49 YAŞ GRUBUNDA
TARAMADA SAPTANAN
KANSERLERİN % 88 İNDE
BİRİNCİ DERECE AKRABADA
MEME KANSERİ MEVCUT
DEĞİLDİ
Keedy AW, Price ER, Gidwaney R, Sickles EA, Joe BN. The
potential impact of risk-based screening mammography in women
40–49 years
old. AJR 2015 Jul 23
MAMOGRAFİDE YOĞUN –
DENS MEME
•RR 2.1
Yağdan Zengin Meme
Yoğun-Dens Meme
DENS MEMELERE
TOMOSENTEZ VEYA
SONOGRAFİNİN İLAVE
GÖRÜNTÜLEME OLARAK
KULLANILMASI
•
Interim results of the Adjunct Screening with
Tomosynthesis or Ultrasound in
Mammography-negative Dense Breasts
(ASTOUND) trial
• For intermediate-risk women, or those with
a lifetime risk of breast cancer that is 12 to
20 percent higher than the average
woman, Dr. Brem advocated for annual
screening after age 40 with both
mammography and ultrasound.
• Rsna 2016 keynote spekar
Yüksek riskli hasta
• Ömür boyu % 20
• 5 yıl % 1,7
• RR 3 ve üstü
ÖMÜR BOYU RİSK X 5 YILLIK RİSK
RİSK DEĞERLENDİRME
DİNAMİKTİR
Yüksek riskli hastada MRG ile
tarama rehberleri
2007 ACS guidelines for breast screening with
MRI as an adjunct to mammography
2009 NCCN The role of MRI in breast cancer
screening
2010 SBI/ACR Breast cancer screening with
imaging
ACS 2007 (1)
Recommendations for Breast MRI Screening
as an Adjunct to Mammography
Recommend Annual MRI Screening (Evidence based)
•BRCA mutation
•First-degree relative of BRCA carrier, but untested
•Lifetime risk ~20–25% or greater, as defined by BRCAPRO or other
models that are largely dependent on family history
Recommend Annual MRI Screening (Expert Consensus Opinion )
•Radiation to chest between age 10 and 30 years
•Li-Fraumeni syndrome and first-degree relatives
•Cowden and Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndromes and first-degree
relatives
ACS 2015 (1)
Recommendations for Breast MRI Screening
as an Adjunct to Mammography
Recommend Annual MRI Screening (Evidence based)
•BRCA mutation
•First-degree relative of BRCA carrier, but untested
•Lifetime risk ~20–25% or greater, as defined by CLAUS or other
models that are largely dependent on family history
Recommend Annual MRI Screening (Expert Consensus Opinion )
•Radiation to chest between age 10 and 30 years
•Li-Fraumeni syndrome and first-degree relatives
•Cowden and Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndromes and first-degree
relatives
ACS 2007 (2)
Recommendations for Breast MRI Screening as an
Adjunct to Mammography
Insufficient Evidence to Recommend for or Against MRI Screening
•Lifetime risk 15–20%, as defined by BRCAPRO or other models that
are largely dependent on family history
•Heterogeneously or extremely dense breast on mammography
•Women with a personal history of breast cancer, including ductal
carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
•Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) or atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH)
•Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH)
ACS 2015 (2)
Recommendations for Breast MRI Screening as an
Adjunct to Mammography
Insufficient Evidence to Recommend for or Against MRI Screening
•Lifetime risk 15–20%, as defined by CLAUS or other models that are
largely dependent on family history
•Heterogeneously or extremely dense breast on mammography
•Women with a personal history of breast cancer, including ductal
carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
•Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) or atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH)
•Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH)
2010 ACR Breast cancer screening with
imaging
2010 ACR Breast cancer screening with
imaging
EĞER TARAMADA MR
ÇEKİLİYORSA,
MAMOGRAFİ YERİNE DEĞİL,
MAMOGRAFİ İLE BİRLİKTE
ÇEKİLMELİDİR.
ACS 2015
Gail model karşılaştırması
Hesaplanan en yüksek riske
göre değerlendirme yapılır
Risk Değerlendirme
Birden fazla model kullanıldığında
Recommend Against MRI Screening (Based
on Expert Consensus Opinion )
•Women at 15% or lower lifetime risk
ACS 2007 (3)
Recommendations for Breast MRI Screening as an
Adjunct to Mammography
TARAMADA AMAÇ
• ANA AMAÇ MEME KANSERİNDEN
ÖLÜMLERİ AZALTMAK
• RADYOLOJİK AMAÇ İNTERVAL KANSER
ORANINI AZALTMAKTIR
• YARAR MAKSİMİZASYONU / ZARAR
MİNİMİZASYONU
• DOĞRU KADINA, DOĞRU ZAMANDA,
DOĞRU TEST, İLE MÜMKÜN
• VE TÜM SORUMLULUK RADYOLOGTA

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1. Kişiselleştirilmiş Tarama CY

  • 1. PRADİGMA DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ TOPLUM BAZLI KİŞİSELLEŞTİRİLMİŞ Herkese aynı yöntem • Cins ve yaş temelli arama Her kişiye özgün yöntem • RİSKE GÖRE TARAMA • KİŞİSEL TERCİHLERE GÖRE TARAMA • YARAR/ZARAR HESABININ YAPILDIĞI Breast Cancer Screening in an Era of Personalized Regimens A Conceptual Model and National Cancer Institute Initiative for Risk-Based and Preference-Based Approaches at a Population Level Cancer October 1, 2014 2955 National Cancer Institute. PROSPR Research Sites & Principal Investigators. appliedresearch.cancer.gov/networks/prospr/sites.html.
  • 2. REHBERLER • ACS 40-44 HT 45-54 yıllık 55 üstü 1-2 yılda bir • ACR SBI 40 yaş üstü yılda bir • NCCN 40 üstü yılda bir • USPSTF 40-49 HT 50-74 2 yılda bir
  • 3. 1976 2017 • MAMOGRAFİ • KLİNİK MEME MUAYENESİ • KENDİ KENDİNE MEME MUAYENESİ • MAMOGRAFİ (tomosentez) (Kontrast mamografi • ULTRASONOGRAFİ (konvansiyonel) (ABUS) • MRG
  • 4. 35-39 kişisel meme ca öyküsü varsa 40-49 Birinci derece akrabasında meme ca varsa 50 ve üstü yıllık 35-39 baseline mamografi 40-49 klinisyenine danışsın 50 ve üstü yıllık 35-39 baseline mamografi 40-49 Her 1-2 yılda bir 50 ve üstü yıllık 40-49 Her 1-2 yılda bir 50 ve üstü yıllık 40 yaş ve üzeri Yıllık 40 yaş ve üzeri Yıllık, sağlıklı olduğu sürece devam etmeli 40-44 hasta isterse 45 – 54 (Yıllık) 55 ve üzeri Her 2 yılda bir veya hasta isterse yıllık Lise yıllarında başlansın (Aylık) Lise yıllarında başlansın (Aylık) 20 ve üzeri (Aylık) 20 ve üzeri (Aylık) 20 ve üzeri (Aylık) 20 ve üzeri (İsteğe Bağlı) 20 yaş sonrasında periyodik yapılmalı 20-39 üç yılda bir, 40 üstü (Yıllık) 20-39 üç yılda bir, 40 üstü (Yıllık) 20-39 üç yılda bir, 40 üstü (Yıllık) 20-39 üç yılda bir, 40 üstü (Yıllık) Genel sağlık kontrolunun bir parçası olarak20-39 üç yılda bir periyodik, 40 üstü Yıllık periyodik ACS GUIDELINES Mamografi Kendi Kendine Meme Muayenesi (BSE) Klinik Meme Muayenesi (CBE) 1976 1980-1982 1983-1991 1992- March 1997 March 1997- May 2003 May 2003- October 2015 October 2015- Present Yapılmasın Yapılmasın
  • 5. Research does not show a clear benefit of physical breast exams done by either a health professional or by yourself for breast cancer screening. Due to this lack of evidence, regular clinical breast exam and breast self-exam are not recommended ACS 2015 MEME MANSERİ TARAMASI RADYOLOĞUN İŞİ
  • 6. KİŞİSELLEŞTİRİLMİŞ TARAMADA AMAÇ TIBBİ AÇIDAN (RADYOLOJİK) • İnterval kanser oranını azaltmak • Yüksek riskli hastayı daha erken tarama • Yüksek riskli hastayı daha sık tarama • Yüksek riskli hastaya MG ye ilave taramalar yapma
  • 7. KİŞİSELLEŞTİRİLMİŞ TARAMADA AMAÇ ÖDEYİCİ AÇISINDAN • Maliyetleri azaltmak • Daha geç taramaya başlamak • Daha seyrek tarama yapmak • Taramayı daha erken bırakmak • Hiç taramamak
  • 8. KİŞİSELLEŞTİRİLMİŞ TARAMA ÖNERİLERİ DÜŞÜK RİSK GRUBUNA DAHA SEYREK VE DAHA GEÇ YAŞTA TARAMA ÖNERMEKTEDİR. AMA MEME KANSERİNİN GENÇ YAŞ HASTALARDA BÜYÜME HIZI DAHA YÜKSEKTİR
  • 9. YÜKSEK RİSKLİ HASTALARDA MEME KANSERİ • Daha hızlı büyüme eğilimindedir • Daha erken yaşta ortaya çıkar • Mamografilerde daha zor tanınır • Tedaviye daha az yanıt verir AMA DÜŞÜK RİSKLİ HASTALAR İÇİN TERSİ DOĞRU DEĞİL
  • 10. ACS/ACR X USPSTF REHBERLERİ KARŞILAŞTIRILDIĞINDA mortalite düşüşü % 39,6 dan %23,6 ya geriliyor Mortalite azalmasındaki gerileme % 71 oluyor Hendrick RE, Helvie MA. United States Preventive Services Task Force screening mammography recommendations: science ignored. AJR 2011; 196:[web]W112–W116
  • 11. SADECE YÜKSEK RİSKLİ HASTALAR TARANSA İDİ • Risk kapsamına göre değişmekle birlikte meme kanserlerinin sadece % 70-80 i atlanacaktı • Çünkü: En major risk faktörü kadın olmak De Waard F, Collette JG, Rombach JJ, et al. Breast cancer screening with particular reference to the concept of ‘high risk’ groups. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1988; 11:125–132 Paci E, Del Turco MR, Palli D, et al. Selection of high-risk groups for breast cancer screening: evidence from an Italian multicentric case control study. Tumori 1988; 74:675–679 Destounis SV, Arieno AL, Morgan RC, et al. Comparison of breast cancers diagnosed in screening patients in their 40s with and without family history of breast cancer in a community outpatient facility. AJR 2014; 202:928–932
  • 12. 40-49 YAŞ GRUBUNDA TARAMADA SAPTANAN KANSERLERİN % 88 İNDE BİRİNCİ DERECE AKRABADA MEME KANSERİ MEVCUT DEĞİLDİ Keedy AW, Price ER, Gidwaney R, Sickles EA, Joe BN. The potential impact of risk-based screening mammography in women 40–49 years old. AJR 2015 Jul 23
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20. DENS MEMELERE TOMOSENTEZ VEYA SONOGRAFİNİN İLAVE GÖRÜNTÜLEME OLARAK KULLANILMASI • Interim results of the Adjunct Screening with Tomosynthesis or Ultrasound in Mammography-negative Dense Breasts (ASTOUND) trial
  • 21. • For intermediate-risk women, or those with a lifetime risk of breast cancer that is 12 to 20 percent higher than the average woman, Dr. Brem advocated for annual screening after age 40 with both mammography and ultrasound. • Rsna 2016 keynote spekar
  • 22. Yüksek riskli hasta • Ömür boyu % 20 • 5 yıl % 1,7 • RR 3 ve üstü
  • 23. ÖMÜR BOYU RİSK X 5 YILLIK RİSK
  • 25. Yüksek riskli hastada MRG ile tarama rehberleri 2007 ACS guidelines for breast screening with MRI as an adjunct to mammography 2009 NCCN The role of MRI in breast cancer screening 2010 SBI/ACR Breast cancer screening with imaging
  • 26. ACS 2007 (1) Recommendations for Breast MRI Screening as an Adjunct to Mammography Recommend Annual MRI Screening (Evidence based) •BRCA mutation •First-degree relative of BRCA carrier, but untested •Lifetime risk ~20–25% or greater, as defined by BRCAPRO or other models that are largely dependent on family history Recommend Annual MRI Screening (Expert Consensus Opinion ) •Radiation to chest between age 10 and 30 years •Li-Fraumeni syndrome and first-degree relatives •Cowden and Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndromes and first-degree relatives
  • 27. ACS 2015 (1) Recommendations for Breast MRI Screening as an Adjunct to Mammography Recommend Annual MRI Screening (Evidence based) •BRCA mutation •First-degree relative of BRCA carrier, but untested •Lifetime risk ~20–25% or greater, as defined by CLAUS or other models that are largely dependent on family history Recommend Annual MRI Screening (Expert Consensus Opinion ) •Radiation to chest between age 10 and 30 years •Li-Fraumeni syndrome and first-degree relatives •Cowden and Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndromes and first-degree relatives
  • 28. ACS 2007 (2) Recommendations for Breast MRI Screening as an Adjunct to Mammography Insufficient Evidence to Recommend for or Against MRI Screening •Lifetime risk 15–20%, as defined by BRCAPRO or other models that are largely dependent on family history •Heterogeneously or extremely dense breast on mammography •Women with a personal history of breast cancer, including ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) •Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) or atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) •Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH)
  • 29. ACS 2015 (2) Recommendations for Breast MRI Screening as an Adjunct to Mammography Insufficient Evidence to Recommend for or Against MRI Screening •Lifetime risk 15–20%, as defined by CLAUS or other models that are largely dependent on family history •Heterogeneously or extremely dense breast on mammography •Women with a personal history of breast cancer, including ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) •Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) or atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) •Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH)
  • 30.
  • 31. 2010 ACR Breast cancer screening with imaging
  • 32. 2010 ACR Breast cancer screening with imaging
  • 33. EĞER TARAMADA MR ÇEKİLİYORSA, MAMOGRAFİ YERİNE DEĞİL, MAMOGRAFİ İLE BİRLİKTE ÇEKİLMELİDİR. ACS 2015
  • 35.
  • 36. Hesaplanan en yüksek riske göre değerlendirme yapılır Risk Değerlendirme Birden fazla model kullanıldığında
  • 37. Recommend Against MRI Screening (Based on Expert Consensus Opinion ) •Women at 15% or lower lifetime risk ACS 2007 (3) Recommendations for Breast MRI Screening as an Adjunct to Mammography
  • 38. TARAMADA AMAÇ • ANA AMAÇ MEME KANSERİNDEN ÖLÜMLERİ AZALTMAK • RADYOLOJİK AMAÇ İNTERVAL KANSER ORANINI AZALTMAKTIR • YARAR MAKSİMİZASYONU / ZARAR MİNİMİZASYONU • DOĞRU KADINA, DOĞRU ZAMANDA, DOĞRU TEST, İLE MÜMKÜN • VE TÜM SORUMLULUK RADYOLOGTA

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. ACR published their guideline at 2010
  2. ACR published their guideline at 2010
  3. This is the last part of the ACS guideline But I think it is the most important part instead of recommendation it says something about not to do This parts clearly prevent abuse of MRI screening by prohibiting MRI for women with lower 15 % lifetime risk