Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.

1. ALL ABOUT MATTER
By
Asso. Prof. Liwayway Memije-Cruz
CAS

2. MATTER IS ANYTHING THAT OCCUPIES SPACE
AND HAS MASS

3. CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
According to the origin or source, matter is classified as organic and inorganic
matter. Organic matter comes from living things, while inorganic matter comes from
non-living things.
Chemists have studied that all forms of matter may be classified into three general
classes on the basis of their compositions. These are the elements, compounds
and mixtures.
 Element is a substance, which cannot be decomposed by ordinary means. Atom is
the smallest part of an element that can enter into combination with other elements.
 Compound is a substance, which can be decomposed into two or more simpler
substances by ordinary chemical means.
 Mixture is a material composed of two or more substances each of which retains its
own characteristic properties. a. Heterogeneous mixture is one which has parts
possessing different properties. b. Homogeneous mixture is one which has similar
properties throughout. Substance is a homogeneous material composed of one
particular kind of matter.

5. MATTER CAN ORDINARILY EXIST IN THREE PHYSICAL STATES –
SOLID, LIQUID, AND GAS. A FOURTH STATE OF MATTER EXISTS
UNDER SPECIAL CONDITIONS, CALLED PLASMA.

6. THE STATE OF MATTER CHANGES AS YOU ADD
MORE ENERGY.

7. CHANGES IN MATTER

8. PHYSICAL
PROPERTIE
S Specific and accidental
Specific properties are those features, which definitely distinguish one
substance from another. Some of these are the following:
1. Density is the weight of a unit volume of a substance.
2. Specific gravity is the ratio of the weight of a given volume of a substance to
the weight of the same volume of water at the same temperature.
3. Hardness is the ability of the substance to resist scratching.
4. Odor is the characteristics odor of a given substance.
5. Color is the characteristics color of a given substance.
Accidental physical properties are those features as weight, dimensions, and
volume. They have nothing to do with the nature of the substance, but they
enable us to find out how much of a given substance we have.

9. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Chemical properties of a substance describe how a substance
acts when it undergoes change. They describe its ability to
form new substances under given conditions.
A chemical change or a chemical reaction is a change from
one substance to another. the reactions occur. Some of the
chemical properties are: combustibility, stability, relative
activity, response to test reaction, and ionization.

10. STATES OF MATTER AND
CHANGES OF STATE.

11. INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC PROPERTIES
Intrinsic (intensive) Properties are properties
that do not depend on the size of the sample.
Examples are color, odor, boiling point, and
electrical conductivity.
Extrinsic (Extensive) Properties are properties
that depend on the size or amount of the
sample. Examples are mass and volume.

12. LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS
The Law of Conservation of Mass state that mass is
neither created nor destroyed. An example is shown
in the complete combustion of gasoline. The
relationship is true within the limits of one’s ability to
determine the weights of the reacting substances
and the products of the reaction:
Gasoline + oxygen ----> carbon dioxide + water vapor
Weight of reactants = weight of products

13. LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTION
The Law of Definite Proportion states that any pure compound is
always composed of the same elements combined in a
proportion by weight.
Example:
Water always contains 8 parts by weight of oxygen to 1 part by
weight of hydrogen.
H2O
O = 16/18 x 100% = 88.88%
H = 2/18 x 100% = 11.11%
_____________
99.99%

14. LAW OF MULTIPLE PROPORTIONS
The Law of Multiple Proportion states that when the same two
elements unite to form two or more different compounds, if the
amount of one element is constant, the weights of the other
element in the series of compounds will be in the ratio of small
whole numbers.
Examples:
H2O = 1g of H and 8g of O
H-2O2 = 1g of H and 16g of O

15. IDENTIFY WHETHER THE FOLLOWING ARE
PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL CHANGES:
 ___________________1. welding metals
 ___________________2. ripening of fruits
 ___________________3. grinding rice
 ___________________4. dissolving sugar in water
 ___________________5. burning gas
 ___________________6. magnetizing iron nails
 ___________________7. melting of butter
 ___________________8. hair bleaching
 ___________________9. souring of milk
 ___________________10. brewing of coffee

16. CLASSIFY THE FOLLOWING AS EITHER AN
ELEMENT, A COMPOUND, OR A MIXTURE:
 ___________________1. gasoline
 ___________________2. dry ice
 ___________________3. aluminum wire
 ___________________4. diamond
 ___________________5. lead pencil
 ___________________6. toothpaste
 ___________________7. penny
 ___________________8. platinum
 ___________________9. glue
 ___________________10. rubbing alcohol

17. CLASSIFY THE FOLLOWING PROPERTIES AS
INTRINSIC OR EXTRINSIC:
 ___________________1. volume
 ___________________2. density
 ___________________3. length
 ___________________4. color
 ___________________5. freezing point
 ___________________6. electrical conductivity
 ___________________7. mass
 ___________________8. odor
 ___________________9. boiling point
 ___________________10. luster