This document discusses several respiratory illnesses that can cause laryngeal obstruction in children, including croup, diphtheria, and acute epiglottitis. Croup is usually caused by parainfluenza or other viruses and presents with a hoarse voice, croupy cough, and stridor. Management focuses on hydration, oxygen, steroids, and nebulized epinephrine. Diphtheria is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae and can lead to membrane formation and toxin production and complications like myocarditis. Penicillin and antitoxin are used for treatment. Acute epiglottitis typically affects children ages 1-6 and is commonly caused by Haemophil