1. How to treat a heart attack Michael Lewis AofA Membership Number: DID604SID646830688

2. Aim & Objectives Aim: To explain the current First Aid procedures for treating a casualty who is (or may be) experiencing a heart attack. Objectives: By the end of this session you will be able to: Recognise the common signs & symptoms of a heart attack. Provide initial assistance prior to the arrival of professional medical help.

3. How the heart works The heart is made up of 4 chambers. Each chamber has a valve that allows blood to pass through the heart to the lungs, other organs and tissue’s of the body. The left ventricle chamber is the most important.

4. What is a heart attack? What is the difference between a heart attack and a cardiac arrest?

5. What is a heart attack? Heart attacks happen when a coronary artery carrying oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle is blocked. If the blood supply is cut off, a part of the heart muscle dies - or infarcts. A heart attack is also known as a myocardial infarction (MI) or coronary thrombosis.

6. The common signs and symptoms Heart disease kills more people in the UK than any other condition. Around 275,000 people will have a heart attack this year (approx 753 every day). 110,000 will die from the heart attack. How would you know if someone was having a heart attack at your work place?

7. The common signs and symptoms Crushing pain in the chest Pain in the left arm Shortness of breath Greyness, Cyanosis Cold, Clammy skin Generally feeling un-well Often mistaken for indigestion Plus signs and symptoms of cardiogenic shock

8. The common signs and symptoms

9. Primary Survey D = Danger to you, the casualty, and others R = Response Alert – Voice – Pain - Unresponsive (Scale) S = shout for help (if on your own) A = Airway B = Breathing Triage: Breathing,Bleeding, Severe Burns & Bones

10. Treatment Primary Survey (D-R-s-A-B) Help the casualty down to the ground Sit the casualty in the ‘W’ position (shown) Loosen any tight clothing around their upper chest and neck Call 999 or 112 Reassure casualty Help them take any medication they may have Be prepared to perform CPR

11. Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is the name given to the process by which oxygen can be circulated around a persons body when they have suffered respiratory and cardiac arrest. The term Basic Life Support (BLS) is also used. INFANT:0-1 YR. CHILD:1 YR.-PUBERTY ADULT:PUBERTY ONWARDS

12. Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation PLACE HANDS IN THE CENTRE OF THE CHEST

13. Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation STERNUM (BREAST-BONE) RIBCAGE HEART SPINE

14. Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation Chest compressions to breaths ratio’s Adult 30 compressions : 2 breaths (100per min) 4-5 cm Child, Infant 5 initial breaths, 30 compressions, 2 breaths (100per min) 1/3 of chest Drowned Casualty 5 initial breaths, 30 compressions, 2 breaths (100per min) 1/3 of chest if child or infant, 4-5 cm if adult Compression only CPR 100per min, until the casualty makes a recovery

15. Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation Practical workshop – CPR on Adult Manikin. When performing CPR you need to continue until: The casualty makes a recovery Paramedics take over from you Another First Aider arrives You are too exhausted to carry on

16. Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation ‘The Chain of Survival’ Early Access Early CPR Early Defibrillation Early Advanced Life Support 4 3 2 1

17. Plenary Summary of session Any questions? Handouts & Face shields