1. Republic of the Philippines
AKLAN STATE UNIVERSITY – IN NEW WASHINGTON
COLLEGE OF FISHERIES AND MARINE SCIENCES
New Washington, Aklan
Mike Jhun Valencia Dr. ChristyLaurente
Discussant professor
Recreational Sport Management
Introduction:
 Foundationof recreational sportmanagement
 Broad scope of programmingrecreational sportactivitiesandevents
 Future trendsaffectingrecreational sportmanagement
Deliveryof Sport and Leisure Services:
Sport isa large part of American culture:
• Interestsandparticipationfromall sectorsof societyare reachingunprecedentedlevels.
• Sport hasgrown intoa multibilliondollarindustry.
• In the UnitedStates,sportsalmostserve asa religion.
• Sportshave become entertainmentandspectator oriented.
• Sportsare participantoriented,servingdiversepopulationsthroughavarietyof
programsand activities.
Identity:Looking at Sport Managementfrom a Recreational Perspective:
 Sport managementisthe umbrellatermforadministrationandmanagementof a large number
and varietyof sports,fitnessandwellness,andrecreationprograms.
 Traditionallyseenasa “businessenterprise,”especiallyprofessionalsportsmarketing,sales,
publicrelations, promotions,sportinggoods,mediarelations,andfundraising.
 Recently,sportmanagementhasbeguntoemphasize leadershipandmanagementof people
and resourcesina varietyof participatoryorrecreational settings.
Leisure Sports ManagementModel:
Adapted,bypermission,fromR.F.Mull,K.G.
BaylessandL.M. Jamieson,2005, Recreational
sportmanagement, 4thed.(Champaign,IL:
Human Kinetics),15.

2. Recreational Sport Spectrum
Adapted,bypermission,fromR.F.Mull,K.G.
BaylessandL.M. Jamieson,2005, Recreational
sportmanagement, 4thed.(Champaign,IL:
Human Kinetics),15.
DefiningRecreational Sport:
Recreational sportisinvolvementinsportduringone’sleisuretime eitherasanactive
participantor as a spectatorat one of the levelsonthe leisuresporthierarchy.
• Sport for all. Designedtogive everyoneanactive role regardlessof interest,age,race,
gender,orathleticability.
• Participant driven.Programmersplace significantinterestandeffortsonparticipant
wantsand needs.
Five Programming Areas of Recreational Sport Management
• Instructional sports
• Informal sports
• Intramural sports
• Extramural sports
• Clubsports
ComponentsDefined:
 Instructional sports.Teachinga recreational sportactivityemphasizingskills,rules, and
strategiesinanoncreditor academicenvironment.
Examples:strengthandconditioningtraining,jogging,walking,cycling,swimming,golf,bowling,
tennis,andracquetball
 Informal sports.Self-directedparticipationwithanindividualizedapproach onfunandfitness.
Examples:backyardvolleyball orsoftball atthe familypicnic,pick-upbasketball atthe local park,
an early-morningswim,lunchtimerun,andsolitaryworkout
 Intramural sports.Leagues,tournaments,andcontestsconductedwithina particularsetting.
Examples:individual sports,dual sports,teamsports,meetsports,andspecial events
 Extramural sports.Structuredactivitiesbetweenwinnersof variousintramural sportprograms.
Examples:Little League Baseball WorldSeriesora collegiate intramuralflagfootball
championshipteamfromone universityplayingagainstanothercollegiatechampionfor
“national championship”recognition
 Clubsports. Activitiesorganizedbecauseof acommoninterestina sport.These range fromvery
competitiveclubsthattravel andplayinhigh-level competitionstothe recreational,social,and
instructional clubsthatconductactivitiessuchasbasic-skill instructionand“in-house”
tournamentplay.

3. Example:youthclubbasketball,whichispopular inthe publicsector
Participants and Locations:
 Participants. Recreational sportmanagementisintendedforthe enjoymentof all age groups:
children,youth,adolescents,adults,andseniorcitizens.
 Location. Participationoccursat indoorandoutdoorsportfacilities.
 Indoor: bowlingcenters;handball,racquetball,andsquashcourts;gymnasiumsfor
volleyball,basketball,badminton,andfloorhockey;billiardrooms;roller- andice-
skatingrinks;aquaticcenters;strengthandconditioningweightrooms;exercise rooms;
and so on
 Outdoor: softball andbaseball fields;golf courses;trapandskeetranges;soccerandflag
football fields;tenniscourts;outdooraquaticcenters;white-waterrivers;caves;lakes;
mountains;andsoon
Varietyof Sport Settings:
 ArmedForcesMWR: militarybasesaroundthe world
 Boysand GirlsClubsand BoyScouts and Girl Scouts
 Churches
 Citiesandcommunities:municipal parksandrecreationdepartments
 Commercial facilities:racquetclubs,bowling,skatingrinks
 Correctional institutions:city,county,state,andfederal
 Schools:elementary,secondary,andhighereducation
 On-site industrial andcorporate recreationalsportfacilities
 Private clubs:countryclubs,fitness,andhealthclubs
 YMCA and YWCA
 Vacationresorts:hotels,motels,andcruise ships
Benefits:
 Provisionof importantsociocultural learningenvironments
 Enjoymentof the activity
 Social interaction
 Healthand physical improvements
 Economicgrowth
 Environmental protection
 Social contribution
Importantto developparticipantinterests,knowledge,andskillstoenable participationin
activitiesthatcanlast a lifetime!
Individual Benefits:
 Improveshealth,fitness,andself-esteem.
 Providesopportunityto“burnup” excessenergyandemotionnotbeingreleasedinotherareas
of life.
 Createsa positive social environment.
 Developsemotionalcontrol andpositiveexpressionof aggression.

4.  Fosterscooperation.
 Developsintegrity.
CommunityBenefits:
 Enhancescommunityidentityandpromotescommunityintegration.
 Allowslearningandsharingof communityvalues.
 Detersantisocial behavior,includingvandalism, gangviolence,andcrime.
 Developswell-plannedand -managedsportfacilitiesthatcanleadto economicbenefits.
Trends in Recreational Sport Management:
 Fundingandbudgeting:income generationforsportprogramsand facilities
 Legal aspects:lawsas theyapplyto recreational sportprograms
 Sport facilities:facilityconstructiongrowthasparticipantsdemandlargerandmore specialized
facilities
 Technology:selectionof appropriatetechnologytoaugmentoperations
 Personnel:needformarketingandcomputerspecialists,joiningthe traditionalrecreational
sportsprogrammingstaff
 Programmingareas:
 Femalesrepresentmore than60% of participants.
 Healthclubmembershipshave almostdoubled.
 Extreme sportsparticipationhasskyrocketed.
Professional Organizations:
 Sponsora wide range of continuingeducationcourses,institutes,workshops,regional and
national conferences,andotherin-servicetraining.
 Serve asan importantlinkinhelpingthe recreational sportmanagerstayabreastof the rapidly
changingrecreational sportmanagementfieldanditsimplicationsforprogramdelivery.
Summary and Future Prediction:
 The recreate aspectof sportin Americanculture todayisa well-establishedandwell-recognized
contributorto humanenjoymentandvitality.
 The growth of recreational sportmanagementprogramswillcome fromthe following:
 Continuallychangingtimes
 Continual awarenessof opportunities
 Increasinginterestinsportparticipationandfitnessbyall age groups
Single Elimination:
 Greatestappeal isitssimplicity:
 Losersare eliminated,andwinnersadvance tothe nextrounduntil there isonlyone
contestantleft,the tournamentchampion.
 Is valuable whenthe numberof entriesislarge,time isshort,andthe numberof playingareasis
limited.
 Requiresthe fewestgames;however,half the participantsare eliminatedafterone game,and
onlyone-quarterof the participantsremainafterthe secondround.
 Whenmore extensiveparticipationisimportantandmore playingareasandtime are available,
usingthistourneyisnotadvisable.

5.  Furthermore,youcaneasilyorganize othertournamentsinthismanual,sothe simplicityof
single eliminationisnotasignificantfactorinitsfavor.
 Probablythe bestuse forthistype of tournamentisplay-offsatthe endof a seasonorfollowing
a longertournamentsuchas a splitroundrobin.
 You wouldthendetermine seedingforthe single eliminationbythe standingsatthe conclusion
of the previousplayingperiod.
Double Elimination:
 Is designedtoaddresstwoproblemsinherentinthe single-eliminationtournament(inother
wordsare strengthsforthe Double Elimination):
 Problem#1: one of the bestentriesmayhave a badfirstgame or have beenpoorly
seededinthe single-eliminationdraw;if thatoccursin a single-eliminationtournament,
that entryiseliminatedtoosoon.
 Havinga losers’bracketgivessuchan entryan opportunity toplayinthe finals.
 Problem#2: half of the entriesplayonlyone game.Ensuresthatall entriesplayatleast
twogames.
 Is designedtoaddresstwoproblemsinherentinthe single-eliminationtournament(inother
wordsare strengthsforthe Double Elimination):
 Problem#1: one of the bestentriesmayhave a badfirstgame or have beenpoorly
seededinthe single-eliminationdraw;if thatoccursin a single-eliminationtournament,
that entryiseliminatedtoosoon.
 Havinga losers’bracketgivessuch an entryan opportunitytoplayinthe finals.
 Problem#2: half of the entriesplayonlyone game.Ensuresthatall entriesplayatleast
twogames.
 Also,Oftendoesnotuse availableareasefficiently.
 For example,if the tournamentconsistsof nine entriesandthere are fourplayingareas
available,the double-eliminationtournamenttakessevenroundstocomplete.
 Thisis as manyroundsas in a roundrobin-doublesplit,butwithoutthe advantagesaround
robintournamentoffers.
Double Elimination:
 Basic premise:Lose twice andyouare eliminated.
 Numberof games= (N-1)*2
Advantages/disadvantages
 Advantagesof DE
 Two games
 Lose and win
 Seeding
 Fewlocations
 Similarability
 Disadvantages
 Game #s
 Roundsto complete
 Locationuse
 Best use?
 Time and locations
 Final standingsimportant
 AlmostalwaysabetteroptionthanDE


6. six entries

7. Eight entry