What sustainability means in mining today or what mining means to sustainability? - Corina Hebestreit

What sustainability
means in mining today-
or what mining means to
sustainability?
Corina Hebestreit
Mining on Top: Helsinki
16/17 September 2013

Mark Cutifani, CEO, Anglo-American
(Montreal 2013)
“Mining represents around 10 per cent of the world’s economic activity as
measured by the revenues from the commodity mining, quarrying and the
petroleum sectors. It is estimated payments to service and support industries
account for another 10 per cent of global economic activity. If we then
count the contribution our products make to the productive capacity of
other industries…including fertilisers for agriculture, fuel for energy and
transportation, carbon and iron for steel and manufacturing and other
European association for mining industries, metal ores and industrial minerals
transportation, carbon and iron for steel and manufacturing and other
products for construction we get to a global economic contribution estimate
of more than 45 per cent for the mining industry.
Now, if we then consider we disturb less than 1 per cent of the earth’s
surface in making this contribution, we produce less than 3 per cent of
carbon gases and we are the key source of products that clean the water
we drink and the air we breathe, it is not an unreasonable claim that we are
the most important industrial activity on the face of the planet. At the same
time we are also the world’s most vital industry to help ensure the future
health of our planet.”

Mining and Minerals’ contribution to
human well-being
eco-system well-being
economic viability:
project,
community,
country,
Europe

Contribution to Human well-being
In general:
Society
Investors that risk their capital
Management and workers being employed
Host communities that experience direct
Host communities that experience direct
employment as well as secondary and tertiary
benefits

Human well-being
Objective: The project or operation will lead directly or
indirectly to the maintenance of improvement of people’s
well-being during the life of the project/operation and/or in
post-closure.
Results to be assessed by factors such as
Results to be assessed by factors such as
Community organisation and capacity
Social/cultural integrity
Worker and population health,
safety and well-being
Availability of basic infrastructure

Contribution to
Eco-system well-being
Chemical impacts
Physical impacts
Biological impacts

Potential chemical impacts
and remedies
Discharge of contaminants to surface and groundwater
Discharge to contaminants to air
Discharge of contaminants in accidental spills
Transfer of solid waste to landfills and hazardous waste to
treatment or storage facilities
treatment or storage facilities
Closure of facilities to ensure human safety and
ecosystem integrity
Clean-up of previously contaminated sites

Potential physical impacts
and remedies
Alternation of surface water of ground water flow systems
Restructuring of land
Instability
Noise generation
Closure of facilities
Restoration of topography
Increased stability
Restoration of surface and groundwater
flow systems

Potential biological impacts
and remedies
Alteration of habitats
Closure of facilities/revegetation
Restoration/improvement of
wildlife habitats
Enhancement of human and
wildlife interaction

Modern mining explained
www.icmm.com

A contribution to
Europe’s Resource Efficiency
Resource Efficiency should yield optimum solutions to the
trade-offs that exist between different environmental
objectives and the environmental, social and economic
imperatives of Sustainable Development.
The result should be an economy that optimises its use of
11
The result should be an economy that optimises its use of
resources and, therefore, results in improved living conditions
and reduced waste globally.
Rehabilitation of old tailings is such a win-win situation if the
economics and legal framework conditions are right.

BOOK - 101 Things to Do
with a Hole in the Ground
Making use
of the land
as a resource
12

Economic Viability
Project or operations economics
Operational efficiencies
Economic contributions
Community/regional economics
Community/regional economics
National and European broader economics

Institutional arrangements and
governance
European Laws - compliance
National Mining Laws - compliance
Permits - compliance
Internal Management Systems
Internal Management Systems
Audits
Reporting and Assurance

Mark Cutifani, CEO, Anglo-American
(Montreal 2013)
“We must engage our political and community leaders to help them
understand our role in society…and the long-term destruction their policies
and approaches to mining are reaping on their own constituencies.
We must dedicate ourselves to working with local partners to solve the
problems our close proximity to their communities creates for them in terms
of social development.
of social development.
While we need governments at all levels to help us engage in these local
conversations, it will remain our responsibility to connect with our local
stakeholders if we are to effectively navigate the complexities of these
relationships. If we cannot engage constructively with our immediate
neighbours, how can we expect to lead the world in a new set of
conversations around our role in society?
We must step more boldly into a world of aggressive and consultative social,
technical and commercial innovation.”

Europe’s contribution to the discussion:
the RMI and EIP
EIP on Raw Materials

Europe´s mineral wealth

Strategic Implementation Plan
to be adopted on 25 September 2013
3.1 Technology Pillar
3.1.1 Priority Area: Raw materials research coordination (WP1&2)
3.1.2 Priority Area: Technologies for primary and secondary raw materials
production (WP1)
3.1.3 Priority Area: Substitution of raw materials (WP2)
3.2 Non-Technology Policy Pillar
3.2 Non-Technology Policy Pillar
3.2.1 Priority Area: Improving Europe's raw materials regulatory framework,
knowledge base and infrastructure (WP 3)
3.2.2 Priority Area: Improving Europe's waste management regulatory
framework conditions and excellence (WP4)
3.2.3 Priority Area: Knowledge and skills on raw materials (WP 3 & 4)
3.3 International Cooperation Pillar (WP5)
3.3.1 Priority area – Strategic international dialogues
3.3.2 Priority area – Technology-related international cooperation
3.3.3 Priority area – International dialogues on trade-related matters

Specific actions:
Deep exploration
Zero waste mining
Mining of small deposits
Invisible mine
Deep-sea mining
Work items: Research
these topics will be covered by
official calls for projects under Horizon 2020
Deep-sea mining
Metallurgical Processing of complex and/or low grade
resources
Flexible and mobile processing plants for industrial minerals
and aggregates
Recovery of technology metals from complex end-of-life
products
Recovery of materials from packaging
Supply of construction materials from urban mines
“Zero Waste” paper recycling mill

Substitution of Rare earth elements in permanent magnets and their
applications
Reduction / substitution of CRM in rechargeable batteries
PGM Catalysts substitution
Substitution of Indium in transparent conductive layers
Substitution of REE in lighting photovoltaic materials
Research – 2 -
Substitution of REE in lighting photovoltaic materials
Substituting CRMs in hard materials and super alloys
Substitution of Natural rubber in tyres
Substitution of Titanium dioxide in construction applications

European Innovation Partnership on
Raw Materials
http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/raw-materials/innovation-
partnership/index_en.htm
Strategic Implementation Plan
to be adopted on 25th September 2013!
Call for expression of commitment
coming up in October!

Mission & Vision

SRA:
NEW
SRA:
Strategic
Ambitions
2012 - 2020
Website: www.etpsmr.org
Information on EPT SMR and its tasks

The way to achieve it
Joint RTD: Collaborative efforts by the various institutions and
governments in the EU Member States and with other non-EU players
New projects
Transfer of know-how between subsectors
Transfer of know-how from other sectors
Multi-disciplinary research and innovation implementation
Multi-disciplinary research and innovation implementation
Joint RTD programming: The ERA-MIN will provide a starting point:
Inclusion of more Member States into ERA-MIN
Joint development of education and training:
KIC on raw materials
Continued platform for cooperation between relevant
institutions and companies at EU level
More coordination calls
Regional brokerage for research results and innovation
Conferences and use of existing national innovation agencies
Vision
2050
needed

Economic framework
conditions: key factors
Access to Land
Acceptance of temporary nature of land use
Reliability of permitting process and time lines
Agreement on closure objectives
Access to Energy at competitive prices
Access to Energy at competitive prices
Access to transport and logistics
Access to markets
Acceptance of scientifically based, but risk management
approaches

Social and governance issues:
Trends in Europe
Increasing democratisation process
« Representative democracy » is turning into a « base
democracy »
General public is questioning the decisions by authorities
General public is not trusting industry in general
Decision making on permits becomes a political issue either by
Decision making on permits becomes a political issue either by
demand of the public or by delegation of authorities and
politicians
Competent authorities: Decreasing capacities due to cost-
cutting in the economic crisis
External auditing is taking over the control by the competent
authorities – but will it be more reliable and trustworthy

Europe´s legal framework
for investments
FINLAND : 95
SWEDEN : 93
IRELAND : 90
NORWAY : 82
Where is
the rest
NORWAY : 82
GREENLAND : 80
SPAIN : 54
BULGARIA: 54
the rest
of
Europe?

On-going issues and debates
in the EU
Fair distribution of revenues: royalties, taxes and
other benefits
Decision making: transparency, competence, de-
politicising of permitting
Capacity building in industry and competent
authorities
Need to benefit from
European and international
discussions: overcoming
nationalistic approaches!

Sustainable mining in Europe?
Geological potential - yes!
Products - yes!
Production - yes, but
improvements needed
Know-how - yes, but future
developments needed
Social License to operate - not everywhere!
Therefore: substantially more communication and
dialogue needed! At local level, at regional level, at
European level.

What sustainability means in mining today or what mining means to sustainability? - Corina Hebestreit

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What sustainability means in mining today or what mining means to sustainability? - Corina Hebestreit