A general introduction to the open source Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) platform OpenStack.

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OpenStack Overview & History
Polina Petriuk
Sr. Technical Trainer
ReleaseI1.0.1-rc

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• Definition
• Purpose and history
• OpenStack initiatives – programs
• Relationships between programs
• Communication types overview
Agenda

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“Aims to produce the ubiquitous Open Source Cloud Computing platform
that will meet the needs of public and private clouds regardless of size,
by being simple
to implement and massively scalable.”
What is OpenStack?
As described by the OpenStack Foundation:

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“CLOUD” PROVIDES:
What is a “Cloud”?
• Provisioning of computing capabilities (compute, network,
storage) without human interaction
On-demand Self-service
• Services are available over the network and accessed
through standard mechanisms
Broad Network Access
• Capabilities can be elastically provisioned and released to
scale rapidly
Rapid Elasticity
• Computing resources are pooled to serve multiple
consumers using a multi-tenant model
• Customer generally has no knowledge over the exact
location of resources
Resource Pooling
• Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported
Measured Service
According toNIST (NationalInstitute ofStandardsand Technology)

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Cloud Deployment Models
• Cloud services are only available to members of a single
organization.
• Cloud infrastructure can be hosted by the same organization or a
third-part.
Private Cloud
• Cloud services are offered to members of a community or
organization.
• Cloud infrastructure is hosted by members of the same
organization.
Community Cloud
• Cloud services are offered to the general public.
• Cloud infrastructure is hosted by anyone.
Public Cloud
• Composition of two or more distinct cloud infrastructure, such as
a Private+Public cloud combination
Hybrid Cloud
According toNIST (NationalInstitute ofStandardsand Technology)

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“OpenStack is a cloud computing project aimed at providing an
infrastructure as a service (IaaS).”
What is OpenStack?
As described by Wikipedia (august 2013):

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OpenStack in SPI Model
browser or thin client access
SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE (SAAS)
remote login, to install applications
PLATFORM AS A SERVICE (PAAS)
Provision CPU, RAM, VM
INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE (IAAS)
Hardware, servers, networking
Data Center
First half of 2013
End of 2014

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• Virtual machines (VMs) on demand
• provisioning
• snapshotting
• Networks
• Storage for VMs and arbitrary files
• Multi-tenancy
• quotas for different projects, users
• user can be associated with multiple projects
OpenStack Capabilities

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OpenStack History
DATE REL PROGRAMS TYPE NOTE
Jul 2010 N/A PoC * RackspaceHosting& NASA joint launch
Oct 2010 AUSTIN Nova, Swift PoC
Feb 2011 BEXAR Nova, Glance, Swift PoC
Apr 2011 CACTUS Nova, Glance, Swift PoC ** 6 monthdevelopmentcycle starts
Sep2011 DIABLO Nova, Glance, Swift Prod 1st
productionrelease (Cactus) at Internap(10/27)
Apr 2012 ESSEX Nova, Glance, Swift, Horizon, Keystone Prod Common webUI and sharedauthenticationmechanismadded
Sep2012 FOLSOM Nova, Glance, Swift, Horizon, Keystone, Quantum, Cinder Prod OpenStack FoundationEstablished
Apr 2013 GRIZZLY Nova, Glance, Swift, Horizon, Keystone, Quantum, Cinder Prod Ceilometer and Heat incubationprojects added
Oct 2013 HAVANA Nova, Glance, Swift, Horizon, Keystone, Neutron, Cinder, Heat, Ceilometer Prod Quantum is renamedto Neutron
Apr 2014 ICEHOUSE All above, Trove Prod More focus on PaaS
Oct 2014 JUNO All above, Sahara Prod Comingnext!
* Pre-July 2010 is predicatedby Rackspace Cloud Files project (Swift), NASA Nebula project(Nova)

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OpenStack Integrated Programs
Core
Shared Services
Storage
NOVA
Compute
NEUTRON
Networking
SWIFT
Object Store
CINDER
Block Storage
GLANCE
Image Service
KEYSTONE
Identity
CEILOMETER
Metering Service
HEAT
Orchestration Service
HORIZON
Dashboard
Trove
Database Service

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Incubation Programs
• Data processing (sahara) – graduated with Juno release
• Queue service (marconi)
• Bare metal (ironic)
• Key management (barbican)
• DNS Services (designate)

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Related Programs
• Application catalog (murano)
• Benchmark-as-a-Service (rally)
• Shared file system (manila)
• Task Flow as a Service (mistral)

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• Is also a “top-level” OpenStack component
• Has an elected “Project Technical Lead” (PTL)
• Has separate developers and design teams
• Has a well defined public API
• With the exception of Horizon, which is the Web GUI, all other projects have a
RESTfull (JSON/HTTP) API
• Has a separate database and an isolated persistent layer
Each OpenStack Program

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OpenStack Begining (Cactus)

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OpenStack 2 years later (Grizzly)

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• Decoupling of features (e.g. Nova-volume became Cinder)
• APIs to communicate
• Common generic API/Infrastructure (Oslo)
• Backends & drivers (everything’s pluggable)
Dev Trends

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• The components can be mixed & matched
• Base:
• Nova
• Keystone
• Dashboard
• Glance
• Some decisions can be changed later, some can not
Deployment: Pick What You Want

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OpenStack: Logical Deployment Topology
Control Cluster
Horizon Keystone
GlanceNeutron
Cinder
Cloud Ctrl.
(nova)
Compute Cluster
compute
node
compute
node
compute
node
compute
node
compute
node
compute
node
Storage Cluster (CinderVolume, Swift)
storage
node
storage
node
storage
node
storage
node
storage
node
storage
node
HeavyCPU and RAM HeavyDiskand I/O
CeilometerHeat

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Provides
Network connectivity for
Image
Glance
Stores diskfiles in
Neutron
Network
Block Storage
Cinder
Provides
volumes for
Nova
Compute
Poll data from
Ceilometer
Metering
Poll data from
Poll data from
Object Storage
Swift
Stores images in
Heat
Orchestrate
Arranges and directs
Provides
UI for
Provides
UI for
Provides
UI for
Provides
UI for
Provides
UI for
Provides
UI for
Provides
UI for
Common UI
Horizon
Dashboard
Keystone
Identity
Provides
Auth for
Provides
Auth for
Provides
Auth for
Provides
Auth for
Provides
Auth for
Access Control
Provides
Auth for
Provides
Auth for
Provides
UI for
Provides
Auth for
OpenStack Programs Relationships
Not a program, but importantto
understand therelationship
Database
Not a program, but importantto
understand therelationship
Message Queue

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Communication Types HTTP
AMQP
SQL
3rd-party
UI: Horizon or CLI
Heat
API
Engine
Nova
APIScheduler
Conductor
Swift
Storage serversSwift Proxy
Keystone
API
Glance
API
Registry
Neutron
API Scheduler
AgentsCompute NodeCompute Node
Network
VM
Hypervisor
nova-compute Network Node
DHCP/IPAM
Router/GW
Block
Storage
Node
Storage
Cinder
APIScheduler
Backup Volume
Ceilometer
API
Collector Agent
Every OpenStack service exposes access to restful API via HTTP
Each action treated as distributed transaction, state built as MQmessages
Each service updates it’s own DB with state information as actions are performed
Direct access calls, ex. Plugins,NetApp, Nicira, etc.
Database
Queue

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OpenStack Overview: Recap
• OpenStack – open source software for building clouds
• OpenStack release cycle is every 6 month
• OpenStack is an umbrella over multiple independent programs (components)
• All OpenStack components talk RESTful API
• Most OpenStack components have dedicated DB (SQL) and MQ (QP), some talk to
3rd party components using their native APIs

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Questions?

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ThankYou!