"The future of connected cars: beyond autonomous horses", presented at the Smart Mobility Executive Forum, Berlin (Germany), February 2018

1. © 2018 Nokia1 © 2018 Nokia1 Photo: Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
Smart Mobility Executive Forum
The future of connected cars:
beyond autonomous horses
Marc Jadoul @mjadoul
Berlin, 13 February 2018

2. © 2018 Nokia2
True innovation is about changing the user experience
“If I had asked
people what they
wanted, they
would have said
faster horses.”
― quote attributed to Henry Ford
Ford Model T, 1908

3. © 2018 Nokia3
km/h
120
km/h
70
Most mainstream innovations for drivers and passengers were not about speed
1911
electric starter
1925
cigarette lighter
1930 radio
1956
power steering
1970
cassette deck
1978 abs
1984 air bag
2003 parking sensors
1995 gps
1908 2018
2000 bluetooth

4. © 2018 Nokia4
“A connected car is a car that is equipped with
Internet access, and usually also with a wireless
local area network.”
― Wikipedia definition
“A vehicle able to optimize its own operation
and maintenance as well as the convenience
and comfort of passengers using onboard
sensors and Internet connectivity.”
― McKinsey&Company, 2014
Adding ‘V2X connectivity’ to the timeline does not change the challenge:
how can we make the ‘connected car’ more than an ‘autonomous horse’?

5. © 2018 Nokia5
Fast evolution of information and communication technology will have an
immense impact on road safety, business models and the driver experience
Software & sensorsConnectivity Services

6. © 2018 Nokia6
Do you remember KITT*? (or am I getting old?)
www.youtube.com/watch?v=oNyXYPhnUIs (NBC Classics, 03:24)
(*) Knight Industries Three Thousand

7. © 2018 Nokia7
250* to 381** million connected
vehicles on the road by 2020.
* Gartner, 2015
** BI Intelligence, 2016

8. © 2018 Nokia8
Connectivity: leveraging today’s LTE for robust V2X communications
Local sensors Local sensors
Parking spaces
Local sensors
LTE V2N
Edge cloud (MEC)
LTE V2N
Traffic lights,
road side
infrastructure
LTE V2I LTE V2V
LTE V2P
LTE MEC V2V
/ eMBMS
Backend
LTE
NB-IoT

9. © 2018 Nokia9
Use case: electronic brake lights
Low application latency
enables near real-time
V2V communication,
improving road safety
LTE communications
enhanced with Multi-access
Edge Computing (MEC)
<1 km
SLOW DOWN
i
BRAKE
!
i

10. © 2018 Nokia10
Use case: digital A9 motorway test bed (Germany)
www.youtube.com/watch?v=jaupIe7oSt4 (Fraunhofer ESK, 00:40)

11. © 2018 Nokia11
By 2025, 67 million automotive 5G
vehicle subscriptions will be active —
3 million of which will be low latency
connections mainly deployed in
autonomous and driverless cars.
— ABI Research, June 2016

12. © 2018 Nokia12
5G will become the unifying technology for V2X communication, providing
capacity, latency, and security to support extremely diverse applications
5GMassive
machine
communication
Extreme
mobile
broadband
Critical
machine
communication
Ultra-low latency
<5ms, 80% lower than LTE
Precisely directed beams
to multitude of passengers
Inherent security
dedicated network slices
Consistent service
across complete journey at 500 km/h
More users per cell
1 million devices/km2, 1000x LTE
Increased peak rates
up to 10 Gbps, 100x LTE
Increased data volume
up to 10 Tbps/km2, 1000x LTE
High reliability
10-5 outages
Very-low energy
10% of LTE
Enabling platoons >4
not possible with truck-to-truck
Ultra-high speed
100 Mbps, whenever needed
Very-low cost
for machine communication

13. © 2018 Nokia13
As we go forward, roughly 50 percent
of the vehicle’s value will be in hardware
and the other 50 percent will be divided
between software and experiences and
out of vehicle content.
— Don Butler, Ford Motor Company

14. © 2018 Nokia14
Software & sensors: riding the IoT wave for predictive maintenance, fleet
management, and driver monitoring applications
Geo-location
& geo-fencing
Remote engine
diagnostics
Vehicle speed,
drive and idle time
OTA firmware and application updates
Fuel level
and efficiency

15. © 2018 Nokia15
A common IoT platform and open data for smart cities and connected vehicles
enable application synergies and better infrastructure planning
Drones Environmental
sensors
EV charging
Smart parking
Smart lighting
Smart traffic lights
Surveillance
& traffic cams
Digital
signage SLOW

16. © 2018 Nokia16
Use case: reclaiming the street (New York City)
vimeo.com/222721632 (Public Square, 03:20)

17. © 2018 Nokia17
By 2030, 95% of US car miles will be traveled
in self-driving, electric, shared vehicles.
Savings on transportation costs will result
in a boost in annual disposable income for
US households totaling $1 trillion.
— “Rethinking Transportation 2020-2030: The Disruption of Transportation
and the Collapse of the ICE Vehicle and Oil Industries”, May 2017

18. © 2018 Nokia18
34% of Generation Y
say they are willing to
use car-sharing and
car services if more
convenient.
Vehicle sales growth
will slow down due
to the rise of new
mobility services
such as car sharing
and e-hailing.— Deloitte, 2015
— McKinsey&Company, 2016

19. © 2018 Nokia19
Services: car ownership is gradually replaced by “Transportation as a Service”
Personal profile Toll and parking payment
Maps, POIs, navigation,
and parking
Information & entertainment
services
Keyless operation

20. © 2018 Nokia20
Use case: connected rental car
www.youtube.com/watch?v=mlQcpdUdowg (ng Connect, 06:05)

21. © 2018 Nokia21
Autonomous car moral and ethical challenges reach beyond technology …
moralmachine.mit.edu
Moral dilemma:
kill the passengers
or the pedestrians?

22. © 2018 Nokia22
The protection of human life always has top priority. A
vehicle must save humans from death or injury even if
it means wrecking property or mowing down animals.
If an accident is unavoidable, the self-driving car must
not make any choices over who to save. It cannot
discriminate based on age, gender, race, disability, or
any other observable factors.
— German ethics committee on automated driving, August 2017

23. © 2018 Nokia23
… but technology can provide a new experience for pedestrians
Human experience:
vehicle-to-pedestrian
communication

24. © 2018 Nokia24
Use case: the smiling car
www.youtube.com/watch?v=INqWGr4dfnU (Semcon design, 00:47)

25. © 2018 Nokia25
Not only cars, but roads may become smarter too
Human experience:
smart roads/crossings
with digital signage

26. © 2018 Nokia26
Use case: smart crossing (London)
www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2017/10/09/smart-crossing-prototype-unveiled-london/ (The Telegraph, 01:00)

27. © 2018 Nokia27
The car of the future will come
with 4 wheels, 5G, and a whole
new user experience for drivers,
passengers, and pedestrians.