A hypothesis is a testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables. It provides a tentative explanation or prediction that can be tested through research. Hypotheses should characterize the relationship between measurable variables, be logically derived from theory or other hypotheses, and state the expected outcome clearly enough to be accepted or rejected based on findings. There are different types of hypotheses, including simple vs complex, directional vs non-directional, research hypotheses vs null hypotheses, and alternative hypotheses.

1. LISTING RESEARCH
HYPOTHESES
LESSON 18

2. What is a Hypothesis?
It is a specific proposition which is presented for testing
through research.
It is essentially a statement of what we believe to be factual.
It is a prediction about the relationship between two or
more variables.
Hypotheses should be statements expressing the relation
between two or more measurable variables.

3. Purpose and Importance of Hypotheses in
Research
1. it provides a tentative explanation of phenomena and
facilitates the extension of knowledge in the area.
2. It provides the investigator with a relational statement that is
directly testable in a research study.
3. It provides a direction to the research. It provides a
framework for reporting conclusion of the study.
4. It could be considered as the working instrument of theory. It
can be deduced from theory and from other hypothesis.
5. It could be tested and shown to be probably supported, apart
from one’s own values and opinions.

4. Characteristics a of Hypotheses
1. Testable
2. Logical
3. Directly related to the research problem
4. Represents a simple unit or subject of the problem.
5. Factually or theoretically based.
6. States relationship between variables.
7. Sets the limits of the study.
8 Stated in such a form that it can be accepted or rejected.

5. Classification of Hypothesis
A. Simple hypothesis expresses an expected relationship between
one independent variable and one dependent variable while a
complex hypothesis, also referred to as multivariate hypothesis, is a
prediction of a relationship between two or more independent
variables and two or more dependent variables.
B. Directional Hypothesis –is one that specifies not only the
existence but the expected direction of the relationship between
variables, non-directional by contrast, does not stipulate the
direction of the relationship.

6. Classification of Hypothesis
C. Research hypothesis is also referred as substantive, declarative or
scientific number of statements of expected relationship variables.
NULL HYPOTHESIS –is a statement that there is no actual
relationship between variables.
Example: There is no significant difference in the anxiety level of
children of high IQ and those of low IQ.

7. Classification of Hypothesis
ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS is statement that suggest a potential
outcome that the researcher may expect. It is established only when
a null hypothesis is rejected. It can be directional or non-directional.
Children with
high IQ will
exhibit more
anxiety than
children with low
IQ
There is a
difference in the
anxiety level of
the children of
high IQ and those
of low IQ.