3. Commas x 4
L lists
U unnecessary phrases
C combining sentences with
coordinating conjunctions
I introductory elements
Thanks for the acronym, Mr. Kreher.
4. Lists
Rule: Place a comma
after every item in the
list.
Example:
I need to bring my
backpack, my books,
my calculator, and my
outside reading book.
5. Lists
Rule: Place a comma
after every item in the
list.
Example:
I need to bring my
backpack, my books,
my calculator, and my
outside reading book.
6. Lists
Rule: Place a comma
after every item in the
list.
Write your own
example.
7. Unnecessary Elements
Rule: Nonrestrictive Examples:
clauses and phrases The girl behind the
and other counter, who runs the
parenthetical whole place, handed
elements are set off me my change.
with commas.
If you work hard,
however, you might just
succeed.
8. Unnecessary Elements
Rule: Nonrestrictive Examples:
clauses and phrases The girl behind the
and other
counter, who runs the
parenthetical
elements are set off whole place, handed
with commas. me my change.
Note: These commas If you work hard,
work in pairs. however, you might just
succeed.
9. Commas Used as Scissors
Joe, the guy who lives down the
street, gave me this rod and reel.
10. Commas Used to Set Off Direct Address
Joe, the guy who lives down the
street gave me this rod and reel.
11. Commas Used as Scissors
Joe, the guy who lives down the
street, gave me this rod and reel.
12. Commas Used as Scissors
Joe, the guy who lives down the
street gave me this rod and reel.
Commas work in pairs if
unnecessary information comes in
the middle of the sentence.
14. Combining Sentences
F for Rule: Use coordinating
conjunctions to connect
A and two complete sentences
N nor (independent clauses).
B but
Example:
O or I want to go to the store,
Y yet but my father will not let
me drive myself.
S so
15. Combining Sentences
F for Rule: Use coordinating
conjunctions to connect
A and two complete sentences
N nor (independent clauses).
B but
Example:
O or I want to go to the store,
Y yet but my father will not let
me drive myself.
S so
16. Combining Sentences
F for Rule: Use coordinating
conjunctions to connect
A and two complete sentences
N nor (independent clauses).
B but
Example:
O or I want to go to the store,
Y yet but my father will not let
me drive myself.
S so
17. Combining Sentences
F for Rule: Use coordinating
conjunctions to connect
A and two complete sentences
N nor (independent clauses).
B but
Example:
O or I want to go to the store,
Y yet but my father will not let
me drive myself.
S so
19. Introductory Elements
Rule: Use commas
after introductory a)
clauses, b) phrases, or
c) words that come
before the main clause.
Example:
Before you begin, be
sure to read all of the
directions.
20. Introductory Elements
Rule: Use commas
after introductory a)
clauses, b) phrases, or
c) words that come
before the main clause.
Example:
Before you begin, be
sure to read all of the
directions.
21. Introductory Elements
Rule: Use commas
after introductory a)
clauses, b) phrases, or
c) words that come
before the main clause.
Example:
Before you begin, be
sure to read all of the
directions.
25. Semicolons connect related sentences
Rule: Example
Each side of the I shouldn’t be driving; I
semicolon must be an haven’t slept in two
independent clause. days.
Each side should be
able to stand alone.
26. Semicolons connect related sentences
Rule: Example
Each side of the I shouldn’t be driving; I
semicolon must be an haven’t slept in two
independent clause. days.
Each side should be
able to stand alone.
27. Semicolons connect related sentences
Rule: Example
Each side of the I shouldn’t be driving; I
semicolon must be an haven’t slept in two
independent clause. days.
Each side should be
able to stand alone.
28. Semicolons connect related sentences
Rule: Example
Each side of the
I shouldn’t be driving; I
semicolon must be an
haven’t slept in two
independent clause.
days.
Each side should be
able to stand alone.
29. Semicolons connect related sentences
Rule: Now you write an
Each side of the example.
semicolon must be an
independent clause.
Each side should be
able to stand alone.
30. Semicolons connect with conjunctive
adverbs
• accordingly • nevertheless • consequently
• furthermore • then • now
NOT • besides • thus
• moreover
• For
• similarly • incidentally • finally
• And
• also • next • likewise
• Nor
• hence • thereafter • otherwise
• But
• namely • certainly • further
• Or
• still • indeed • meanwhile
• Yet
• anyway • nonetheless
• So
• however • therefore
31. Conjunctive Adverb
Steve loves to dance; however, he is not a good
dancer.
I drank a lot of water; therefore, I have to use the
little girls room.
I am a young rebel; often, I break the rules that
society has put in front of me.
If we do not retaliate, our nation will be destroyed;
furthermore, our soldiers will have died in vain.
